J/ApJ/962/16 TESS LC analysis of 5 open cluster members (Douglas+, 2024)
Constraining stellar rotation at the zero-age main sequence with TESS.
Douglas S.T., Cargile P.A., Matt S.P., Breimann A.A., Perez Chavez J.A.,
Huang C.X., Wright N.J., Zhou G.
<Astrophys. J., 962, 16 (2024)>
=2024ApJ...962...16D 2024ApJ...962...16D
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Photometry; Optical; Stars, masses; Stars, ages
Keywords: Stellar rotation ; Stellar evolution ; Late-type stars ;
Open star clusters
Abstract:
The zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) is a critical phase for stellar
angular momentum evolution, as stars transition from
contraction-dominated spin-up to magnetic wind-dominated spin-down. We
present the first robust observational constraints on rotation for FGK
stars at ∼40Myr. We have analyzed TESS light curves for 1410 members
of five young open clusters with ages between 25 and 55Myr: IC 2391,
IC 2602, NGC 2451A, NGC 2547, and Collinder 135. In total, we measure
868 rotation periods, including 96 new, high-quality periods for stars
around 1M☉. This is an increase of ten times the existing
literature sample at the ZAMS. We then use the τ2 method to
compare our data to models for stellar angular momentum evolution.
Although the ages derived from these rotation models do not match
isochronal ages, we show that these observations can clearly
discriminate between different models for stellar wind torques.
Finally, τ2 fits indicate that magnetic braking and/or internal
angular momentum transport significantly impact rotational evolution
even on the pre-main sequence.
Description:
All five of our target clusters were observed by TESS in Sectors 6-11
(2018-Dec-12 to 2019-05-20). Nearly all targets were observed
in at least two sectors. See Section 4.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 109 238 Literature periods for cluster stars, crossmatched
to current identifiers
table4.dat 431 2371 Full catalog
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC) (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)
J/MNRAS/383/1588 : VIc photometry of NGC 2547 low-mass stars (Irwin+, 2008)
J/ApJ/696/L84 : Primordial circumstellar disks in binary syst. (Cieza+, 2009)
J/A+A/532/A10 : RACE-OC project. II. (Messina+, 2011)
J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)
J/A+A/560/A13 : Stellar rotation in h Per (Moraux+, 2013)
J/AJ/152/114 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. II. (Rebull+, 2016)
J/ApJ/842/83 : Praesepe members rot. periods from K2 LCs (Douglas+, 2017)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/A+A/612/A99 : Gaia-ESO Survey in 7 open star cluster fields (Randich+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/196 : K2 LCs for members of USco & ρ Oph (Rebull+, 2018)
J/A+A/615/A12 : 24 nearby open clusters TGAS and HSOY reanalysis (Yen+, 2018)
J/A+A/631/A77 : Low-mass stellar models and isochrones (Amard+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)
J/ApJS/245/13 : CDIPS. I. LCs from TESS sectors 6 and 7 (Bouma+, 2019)
J/ApJ/879/100 : K2 rot. periods for Hyades & Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/490/3806 : Exoplanets & var. stars in 47 Tuc field (Nardiello+, 2019)
J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/496/4701 : Gaia-ESO Survey: members of open clusters (Jackson+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/279 : Untangling the Galaxy. II. (Kounkel+, 2020)
J/ApJ/917/23 : SPYGLASS. I. Mapping young stellar structures (Kerr+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/503/3279 : GALAH survey. Gal. disc with open clusters (Spina+, 2021)
J/AJ/164/137 : Untangling the Galaxy. IV. TESS data (Kounkel+, 2022)
J/AJ/166/14 : Kinematic for ∼5200 alpha Persei cand. members (Boyle+, 2023)
J/ApJS/268/4 : Stellar var. with TESS 2min cadence phot. (Fetherolf+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Stellar name
16- 23 A8 --- Cluster Cluster identifier ("IC 2391", "IC 2602" or
"NGC 2547")
25- 47 A23 --- r_Period Literature source for Period (G1)
49- 54 F6.3 d Period [0.18/24.3]? Period from the literature
56- 64 I9 --- TIC [92475268/812594503]? TESS Input Catalog ID
66- 84 I19 --- GaiaDR2 ? Gaia DR2 catalog identifier
86-109 A24 --- OName Simbad identifier
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- TIC ? TESS Input Catalog identifier
11- 29 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 Gaia EDR3 identifier (GAIAEDR3_ID)
31- 40 F10.6 deg RAdeg [105.2/172] Gaia EDR3 Right Ascension
(ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (GAIAEDR3_RA)
42- 51 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-68.3/-33.3] Gaia EDR3 Declination
(ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (GAIAEDR3_DEC)
53- 59 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-27.6/-1.5]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion in
right ascension (GAIAEDR3_PMRA)
61- 66 F6.3 mas/yr pmDE [-1.1/26.6]? Gaia EDR3 proper motion in
declination (GAIAEDR3_PMDEC)
68- 72 F5.3 mas plx [0.2/7.7]? Gaia EDR3 parallax
(GAIAEDR3_PARALLAX)
74- 78 F5.3 mas plxC [0.2/7.7]? Gaia EDR3 parallax, with
zero-point correction
(GAIAEDR3PARALLAXCORRECTED)
80- 85 F6.3 --- RUWE [0.69/43.14]? Gaia EDR3 Renormalized Unit
Weight Error (GAIAEDR3_RUWE)
87- 92 F6.3 mag Gmag [3.24/20.14] Gaia EDR3 G-band magnitude
(GAIAEDR3_G)
94- 98 F5.3 mag e_Gmag [0/0.01] Uncertainty in Gmag
(GAIAEDR3GERR)
100- 105 F6.3 mag GmagC [3.24/20.11] Corrected Gaia EDR3 G-band
magnitude (equals the Gaia DR3 G-band
magnitude) (GAIAEDR3GCORRECTED)
107- 112 F6.3 mag BPmag [3.32/21.61]? Gaia EDR3 blue magnitude
(GAIAEDR3_BP)
114- 118 F5.3 mag e_BPmag [0/0.41]? Uncertainty in BPmag
(GAIAEDR3BPERR)
120- 125 F6.3 mag RPmag [3.2/20.21]? Gaia EDR3 red magnitude
(GAIAEDR3_RP)
127- 131 F5.3 mag e_RPmag [0/0.5]? Uncertainty in RPmag
(GAIAEDR3RPERR)
133- 138 F6.3 mag Tmag [3.3/19.1]? TESS magnitude from the TIC
(TIC_Tmag)
140- 146 F7.4 --- Rcont [0.0029/50.9]? TIC contamination ratio,
if available (TIC_Rcont)
148- 151 I4 --- o_Rcont [239/4788]? Number of stars used to
compute Rcont (TIC_Ncont)
153- 171 F19.17 --- HDB-PMm [0/1]? HDBScan analysis Membership
probability (HDBscan_MemProb)
173- 174 I2 --- HDB-Cl [-2/2]? HDBScan analysis clump identifier
(HDBscan_Cluster)
176- 180 F5.3 --- HDB-Stab [0/0.5]? HDBScan analysis stability of
clump (HDBscan_Stability)
182 I1 --- Mm [0/1]? Whether target should be
considered a member from HDBScan
analysis; 0=no, 1=yes (MemBool)
184- 195 F12.6 arcsec GES-Sep [0.0019/1.8]? Angular separation between
Gaia EDR3 & Gaia-ESO Survey positions
(angDist_GES)
197- 212 A16 --- GES Gaia-ESO Survey (2022A&A...659A.200B 2022A&A...659A.200B)
identifier (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)
(GES_Target)
214- 221 A8 --- GES-Cl Gaia-ESO Survey Cluster name ("IC2391",
"IC2602", "NGC2451a" or "NGC2547")
(GES_Cluster)
223- 229 F7.4 --- GES-PMm [-1/1]? Membership probability from GES
(≥0.9 and ≤1.0 indicates a likely
member) (GES_MemProb)
231- 238 F8.6 arcsec CG-Sep [3.2e-05/1]? Angular separation between
Gaia EDR3 & Cantat-Gaudin positions
(angDist_Cantat-Gaudin)
240- 242 F3.1 --- CG-PMm [0.7/1]? Membership probability from
Cantat-Gaudin; ≥0.7 and ≤1.0 indicates
a likely member (CG_MemProb)
244- 256 A13 --- CG-Cl Cluster name from Cantat-Gaudin
("IC_2391", "IC_2602", "NGC_2547",
"NGC_2451A" or "Collinder_135")
(CG_Cluster)
258- 262 F5.3 mag AV [0.001/0.4]? MINESweeper analysis V-band
extinction (av)
264- 268 F5.3 mag e_AV [0.001/0.2]? Uncertainty in AV (av_err)
270- 277 F8.3 pc Dist [135/4762]? MINESweeper analysis distance
(dist)
279- 285 F7.3 pc e_Dist [0.08/152]? Uncertainty in Dist (dist_err)
287- 291 F5.3 [yr] logAge [5.43/8.65]? MINESweeper analysis log age
293- 297 F5.3 [yr] e_logAge [0.004/0.4]? Uncertainty in logAge
(logAge_err)
299- 303 F5.3 [Msun] logM [0.087/5.1]? MINESweeper analysis log mass
(Mass)
305- 309 F5.3 [Msun] e_logM [0.001/1.61]? Uncertainty in logM
(Mass_err)
311- 315 F5.3 [K] logTeff [3.4/4.3]? MINESweeper analysis log
effective temperature
317- 321 F5.3 [K] e_logTeff [0/0.2]? Uncertainty in logTeff
(logTeff_err)
323- 327 F5.2 d Prot1 [0.1/13.4]? Rotational period, first
periodogram peak
329- 333 F5.3 --- Pw1 [0.04/0.991]? Power, first periodogram
peak
335 I1 --- Q1 [0/7]? Quality flag, first periodogram
peak (1)
337- 341 F5.3 --- Sig [0.018/0.5]? Minimum significance
threshold for periodogram peaks
343- 346 F4.2 d Prot2 [0.3/3.7]? Rotational Period, second
periodogram peak, if any
348- 352 F5.3 --- Pw2 [0.05/0.41]? Power, second periodogram
peak, if any
354 I1 --- Q2 [0/7] Quality flag, second periodogram
peak, if any (1)
356 A1 --- MP? Multiple rotational periods? M=Maybe
358 A1 --- SE? Spot evolution? M=Maybe
360 A1 --- Bl? Blend? M=Maybe
362- 366 F5.2 arcsec CN-Sep [0.2/28.5] Angular distance to closest
neighbor in Gaia EDR3 (ClosestNeighborSep)
368- 373 F6.2 mag CN-Dmag [-14.5/8.9] Magnitude difference with
closest neighbor in Gaia EDR3
(ClosestNeighborMagDiff)
375- 379 F5.2 arcsec BN-Sep [0.2/60] Angular distance to the
brightest star within 1 arcmin in Gaia
EDR3 (BrightestNeighborSep)
381- 385 F5.2 mag BN-Dmag [-9.9/10.21] Magnitude difference with
the brightest star within 1 arcmin in
Gaia EDR3 (BrightestNeighborMagDiff)
387- 391 F5.2 d Lit-Per [0.2/11.6]? Rotational period from the
literature, if any (LitPeriod)
393- 415 A23 --- r_Lit-Per Literature source for Lit-Per (LitSource)
(G1)
417- 429 A13 --- Cluster Cluster this star is a member of
("IC_2391", "IC_2602", "NGC_2547",
"NGC_2451A" or "Collinder_135")
431 I1 --- Plot [0/1] Whether this star is plotted in the
paper; 1=yes (to_plot)
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Note (1): Quality flag as follows:
0 = visually confirmed detection;
1 = questionable detection;
2 = clearly spurious detection;
3 = no significant periodogram peak;
5 = Period removed due to likely contamination by neighbor;
7 = TESS data was not analyzed.
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Reference as follows:
patten1996 = 1996ApJS..106..489P 1996ApJS..106..489P
patten1996-1 = 1996AAS...189.7203P 1996AAS...189.7203P
barnes1999 = 1999ApJ...516..263B 1999ApJ...516..263B
irwin2008 = Irwin+ 2008, J/MNRAS/383/1588
messina2011 = Messina+ 2011, J/A+A/532/A10
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Apr-2026