J/ApJ/962/47 TESS stellar rotation in the Southern CVZ (Claytor+, 2024)
TESS stellar rotation up to 80 days in the Southern Continuous Viewing Zone.
Claytor Z.R., van Saders J.L., Cao L., Pinsonneault M.H., Teske J.,
Beaton R.L.
<Astrophys. J., 962, 47 (2024)>
=2024ApJ...962...47C 2024ApJ...962...47C
ADC_Keywords: Photometry; Optical; Stars, ages; Stars, masses; Stars, diameters;
Abundances; Effective temperatures; Surveys; Spectra, infrared
Keywords: Stellar populations ; Computational astronomy ; Stellar evolution ;
Stellar physics ; Starspots ; Light curves ;
Convolutional neural networks ; Stellar activity ; Stellar rotation ;
Stellar properties
Abstract:
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission delivers
time-series photometry for millions of stars across the sky, offering
a probe into stellar astrophysics, including rotation, on a population
scale. However, light-curve systematics related to the satellite's
13.7 day orbit have prevented stellar rotation searches for periods
longer than 13 days, putting the majority of stars beyond reach.
Machine-learning methods have the ability to identify systematics and
recover robust signals, enabling us to recover rotation periods up to
35 days for GK dwarfs and 80 days for M dwarfs. We present a catalog
of 7245 rotation periods for cool dwarfs in the Southern Continuous
Viewing Zone, estimated using convolutional neural networks. We find
evidence for structure in the period distribution consistent with
prior Kepler and K2 results, including a gap in 10-20 day cool-star
periods thought to arise from a change in stellar spin-down or
activity. Using a combination of spectroscopic and gyrochronologic
constraints, we fit stellar evolution models to estimate masses and
ages for stars with rotation periods. We find strong correlations
between the detectability of rotation in TESS and the effective
temperature, age, and metallicity of the stars. Finally, we
investigate the relationships between rotation and newly obtained spot
filling fractions estimated from Apache Point Observatory Galactic
Evolution Experiment spectra. Field starspot filling fractions are
elevated in the same temperature and period regime where open
clusters' magnetic braking stalls, lending support to an internal
shear mechanism that can produce both phenomena.
Description:
We selected relatively bright, cool dwarf and subgiant stars in the
TESS Southern Continuous Viewing Zone (SCVZ), a 450deg2 field
centered around the southern ecliptic pole. TESS observed the SCVZ
continuously for 350d in its first year, taking full-frame images
(FFIs) every 30min.
We supplement TESS photometric rotation periods with spectroscopic
parameters from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution
Experiment (APOGEE; R∼22500 in 1.51-1.70um). We cross-matched the TIC
SCVZ cool dwarfs with APOGEE Data Release 17 (see III/286). We also
supplemented our sample with data from Gaia Data Release 3 (see I/355).
See Section 2 for further explanations.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 200 7245 Properties of 7,245 rotationally detected TESS
Southern Continuous Viewing Zone (SCVZ) stars,
MCMC input & fit parameters
table6.dat 121 35664 Properties of 35,664 rotationally nondetected TESS
SCVZ stars
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See also:
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/ApJ/732/39 : Rotational velocities of K giant stars (Carlberg+, 2011)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Rotation periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)
J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/AJ/149/68 : A-F type variable stars from Kepler (Bradley+, 2015)
J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/456/3655 : Masses and ages of red giants (Martig+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/93 : Rot. & Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. I. (Rebull+, 2016)
J/A+A/605/A111 : Surface rotation of Kepler red giant stars (Ceillier+, 2017)
J/ApJ/842/83 : Praesepe members rot. periods from K2 LCs (Douglas+, 2017)
J/ApJS/233/23 : APOKASC cat. of KIC dwarfs and subgiants (Serenelli+, 2017)
J/ApJ/866/99 : Revised radii of KIC stars & planets (Berger+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/217 : Properties for M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/475/5487 : Stellar properties of KIC stars (Silva Aguirre+, 2018)
J/A+A/624/A19 : GALAH survey, chemodynamical analysis (Buder+, 2019)
J/ApJ/879/49 : Rot. periods for Gaia members of NGC 6811 (Curtis+, 2019)
J/ApJ/879/100 : Rot. periods for Hyades & Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/485/2380 : Gaia-derived luminosities of Kepler stars (Murphy+, 2019)
J/A+A/621/A21 : Activity of Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2019)
J/ApJS/244/21 : Surface rot. & activity of Kepler stars. I. (Santos+, 2019)
J/ApJ/871/174 : Kepler rapid rotators and Ks-band excesses (Simonian+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/499/3481 : Metallicity and rotation in the Kepler field (Amard+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. (Berger+, 2020)
J/ApJ/892/31 : Teff & metallicities of M dwarfs in APOGEE (Birky+, 2020)
J/ApJS/250/20 : Rot. periods in TESS objects of interest (Canto+, 2020)
J/ApJ/888/43 : APOGEE-Kepler Cool Dwarf star ages (Claytor+, 2020)
J/ApJ/904/140 : Rotational data for clusters (Curtis+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/498/1726 : Transiting planets around stars in TESS (Montalto+, 2020)
J/A+A/635/A43 : Rot. periods from K2 Campaigns 0-18 (Reinhold+, 2020)
J/ApJ/889/L34 : Oscillations in red giants from TESS data (Silva+, 2020)
J/other/NatAs/5.707 : Dwarf stars asteroseismic rotation rates (Hall+, 2021)
J/ApJ/919/131 : Oscillating red giants from the TESS QLP (Hon+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ∼30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/502/1947 : Giant stars in TESS cont. viewing zones (Mackereth+, 2021)
J/ApJS/255/17 : Surface rot. & activity for Kepler stars II. (Santos+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A147 : Spectroscopic parameters for 313 M dwarfs (Sarmento+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/231 : A list of ∼330000 stars Kepler missed (Wolniewicz+, 2021)
J/ApJ/930/7 : Rot. data from TESS-APOGEE-Kepler-Gaia (Avallone+, 2022)
J/MNRAS/517/2165 : Star-spots properties of Pleiades and M67 stars (Cao+, 2022)
J/ApJ/938/118 : CFHT monitoring of M67 & members from Gaia (Dungee+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/135 : Red giants fundamental asteroseismic parameters (Hon+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/137 : Untangling the Galaxy. IV. TESS data (Kounkel+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/251 : ZTF measured rot. period of 40553 M- or G-dwarfs (Lu+, 2022)
J/MNRAS/510/5623 : Study of Kepler's FGKM stars (Masuda+, 2022)
J/ApJS/268/4 : Stellar var. with TESS 2min cadence phot. (Fetherolf+, 2023)
J/ApJ/952/131 : Magnetic activity of solar-like stars. I. (Mathur+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- TIC [25063215/737535216] TESS Input Catalog
identifier
11- 14 I4 --- TOI [119/6690]? TESS Object of Interest identifier
16- 19 F4.1 d Prot [2.3/80] CNN-inferred rotation period
21- 24 F4.1 d e_Prot [0.7/27.5] Uncertainty in Prot
26- 34 A9 --- n_Prot Period provenance: TESS-SPOC or TASOC (prov) (G1)
36 I1 --- Spur? [0/1] Flag denoting likely spurious period
(spurious)
38- 42 I5 ppm Rper [742/65620] Photometric activity range Rper
44- 49 I6 ppm Sph [290/249700] Photometric activity index Sph
51- 55 I5 ppm cdpp [54/10130] Combined differential photometric
precision
57- 60 I4 K TeffT [2906/6000] TIC effective temperature (Teff_TIC)
62- 67 F6.3 mag Tmag [3.1/15] TESS magnitude
69- 74 F6.3 --- cont [0/11.8]? TIC flux contamination ratio
(contratio)
76- 82 F7.3 mas plx [-0.9/114]? Gaia DR3 parallax (parallax)
84- 89 F6.3 --- ruwe [0.6/64]? Gaia DR3 renormalized unit weight error
91- 96 F6.3 mag Gmag [4.17/16.51]? Gaia DR3 apparent G band magnitude
(photgmean_mag)
98- 102 F5.3 mag Bp-Rp [0.6/3.7]? Gaia DR3 GBP-GRP color index
(bp_rp)
104- 107 I4 K Teff [3595/6279]? APOGEE DR17 effective temperature
(teff)
109- 111 I3 K e_Teff [50/669]? Uncertainty in Teff (teff_err)
113- 117 F5.2 [Sun] [M/H] [-1.76/0.41]? APOGEE DR17 metallicity (m_h)
119- 122 F4.2 [Sun] e_[M/H] [0.05/0.23]? Uncertainty in [M/H] (mherr)
124- 128 F5.2 [Sun] [a/M] [-0.61/0.34]? APOGEE DR17 α enhancement
(alpha_m)
130- 133 F4.2 [Sun] e_[a/M] [0.03/1.84]? Uncertainty in [a/M] (alphamerr)
135 I1 --- Bad [0/1]? APOGEE DR17 spectral signal-to-noise flag
(snr_bad) (1)
137- 144 F8.3 --- fspot [0/0.81]? Spot filling fraction
146- 150 F5.2 Gyr Age [0.26/21.8]? MCMC gyrochronological age
152- 156 F5.2 Gyr E_Age [0.07/22.3]? The 1sigma upper credible limit in
Age (e_age+)
158- 162 F5.2 Gyr e_Age [0.06/11.2]? The 1sigma lower credible limit in
Age (e_age-)
164- 167 F4.2 Msun Mass [0.38/1.3]? MCMC-inferred stellar mass
169- 172 F4.2 Msun E_Mass [0.01/0.6]? The 1sigma upper credible limit in
Mass (e_mass+)
174- 177 F4.2 Msun e_Mass [0.01/0.2]? The 1sigma lower credible limit in
Mass (e_mass-)
179- 182 F4.2 Rsun Rad [0.37/1.66]? MCMC-inferred stellar radius (rad)
184- 187 F4.2 Rsun E_Rad [0.01/2.1]? The 1sigma upper credible limit in
Rad (e_rad+)
189- 192 F4.2 Rsun e_Rad [0.01/0.8]? The 1sigma lower credible limit in
Rad (e_rad-)
194- 198 F5.2 --- Ro [0.14/18.13]? MCMC-inferred Rossby number
200 I1 --- fconv [0/1]? MCMC convergence flag
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The snr-bad flag represents the APOGEE spectral signal-to-noise
flag and is set for only 21 stars.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- TIC [25063123/765147717] TESS Input Catalog
identifier
11- 14 I4 --- TOI [114/6725]? TESS Object of Interest identifier
16- 24 A9 --- Prov Period provenance: TESS-SPOC or TASOC (G1)
26- 32 I7 ppm Rvar [756/1431000] Photometric activity range Rvar
34- 38 I5 ppm cdpp [28/62190] Combined differential photometric
precision
40- 43 I4 K TeffT [2809/6000] TIC effective temperature (Teff_TIC)
45- 50 F6.3 mag Tmag [2.5/15] TESS magnitude
52- 56 F5.3 --- cont [0/9.15]? TIC flux contamination ratio
(contratio)
58- 64 F7.3 mas plx [-1.41/113.2]? Gaia DR3 parallax (parallax)
66- 71 F6.3 --- ruwe [0.59/58.72]? Gaia DR3 renormalized unit weight
error
73- 78 F6.3 mag Gmag [4.64/16.66]? Gaia DR3 apparent G band magnitude
(photgmean_mag)
80- 84 F5.3 mag Bp-Rp [0.36/4.43]? Gaia DR3 GBP-GRP color index
(bp_rp)
86- 90 I5 K Teff [3124/13399]? APOGEE DR17 effective temperature
92- 95 I4 K e_Teff [4/5961]? Uncertainty in Teff (teff_err)
97- 101 F5.2 [Sun] [M/H] [-2.24/0.55]? APOGEE DR17 metallicity (m_h)
103- 106 F4.2 [Sun] e_[M/H] [0/0.12]? Uncertainty in [M/H] (mherr)
108- 112 F5.2 [Sun] [a/M] [-0.37/0.74]? APOGEE DR17 α enhancement
[alpha/M] (alpha_m)
114- 117 F4.2 [Sun] e_[a/M] [0/1.1]? Uncertainty in [a/M] (alphamerr)
119 I1 --- Edge [0/1]? APOGEE DR17 stellar parameter fit flag
(star_bad) (1)
121 I1 --- Bad [0/1]? APOGEE DR17 spectral signal-to-noise flag
(snr_bad) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The star-bad flag represents the APOGEE stellar parameter fit flag,
set when a best-fit model is close to a grid edge. It is set
for 343 stars.
Note (2): The snr-bad flag represents the APOGEE spectral signal-to-noise
flag and is set for only 119 stars.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): There are several publicly available light-curve sets, pipelines,
and tools designed and optimized for TESS data. Due to data
availability and lightweight data products, we determined the
apertures from the TESS-SPOC (Jenkins+ 2016SPIE.9913E..3EJ;
Caldwell+ 2020RNAAS...4..201C 2020RNAAS...4..201C; doi:10.17909/T9-WPZ1-8S54) and TASOC
(Handberg+ 2021AJ....162..170H 2021AJ....162..170H; doi: 10.17909/T9-4SMN-DX89;
Lund+ 2021ApJS..257...53L 2021ApJS..257...53L) to be the best available for a rotation
search at the time of writing.
See Section 2.3 for further explanations.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 30-Apr-2026