J/ApJS/156/169 Confirmed class 0 sources list (Froebrich, 2005)
Which are the youngest protostars? Determining properties of confirmed and
candidate class 0 sources by broadband photometry.
Froebrich D.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 156, 169-177 (2005)>
=2005ApJS..156..169F 2005ApJS..156..169F (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, pre-main sequence ; Infrared sources
Keywords: catalogs - infrared: stars - stars: evolution - stars: formation -
stars: pre-main-sequence
Abstract:
We searched the literature to obtain a complete list of known Class 0
sources. A list of 95 confirmed or candidate objects was compiled. To
the best of our knowledge, all published broadband observations from
1µm to 3.5mm have been collected and are assembled in a catalog.
These data were used to determine physical properties (Tbol, Lbol,
Lsmm/Lbol, Menv) and for a uniform classification. Fifty sources
possess sufficient observational data and are classified as Class 0 or
Class 0/1 objects. The source properties are compared with different
evolutionary models to infer ages and masses, and their correlations
are investigated. About 25% of the sources are found to be in a quiet
accretion phase or possess a significantly different time evolution of
the accretion rate than the average. In Taurus, with its isolated star
formation mode, this seems especially to be the case.
Description:
To obtain an as far as possible complete list of known Class 0 objects
we combined the samples of candidates and sources mentioned in various
publications (see all the publications in Section 2 of the paper).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 70 92 Obtained object parameters, sorted by SED Quality
table2.dat 63 61 Age and mass estimates from evolutionary models
table3.dat 117 93 Complete source sample
refs.dat 73 71 References
table4.dat 567 72 Notes to individual sources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/PASP/107/617 : YSOs and candidate protostars catalog. (Pollanen+, 1995)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name Object name
21- 22 A2 --- f_Name Flag on Name (* or **) (G1)
24- 27 F4.1 --- beta [-0.7/4.5]? Submillimeter slope of the SED
(β)
30 A1 --- l_Tbol [<] Upper limit flag on Tbol
31- 33 I3 K Tbol [30/241]? Bolometric temperature
36 A1 --- l_Lbol [<>] Limit flag on Lbol
37- 44 F8.2 Lsun Lbol [0.12/19000]? Bolometric luminosity
47 A1 --- l_Lsmm/Lbol [<>] Limit flag on Lsmm/Lbol
48- 52 F5.3 --- Lsmm/Lbol [0.002/0.208]? Ratio of submillimeter to
bolometric luminosity
54- 59 F6.2 Msun Menv [0.16/190]? Envelope mass
61- 63 A3 --- Class Class (0, 0/1, 1, or ?) (G2)
65 A1 --- f_Class [c] Classification uncertain, since no or
no conclusive submillimeter maps are
available
67 A1 --- T1 Answer for our first test (y, n, or ?) (G3)
68 A1 --- T2 Answer for our second test (y, n, or ?) (G3)
69 A1 --- T3 Answer for our third test (y or n) (G3)
70 I1 --- N [3/8]? Number that gives the order of
magnitude between the maximum of the
emission and the NIR detection/upper limit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name Object name
21 A1 --- f_Name [*] Flag on Name (*) (G1)
23- 25 A3 --- Class Class (0, 0/1, or 1) (G2)
27 A1 --- f_Class [c] Classification uncertain, since no or
no conclusive submillimeter maps are
available
29 A1 --- T1 Answer for our first test (y, n, or ?) (G3)
30 A1 --- T2 Answer for our second test (y, n, or ?) (G3)
31 A1 --- T3 Answer for our third test (y, n, or ?) (G3)
32 I1 --- N [3/8] Number that gives the order of magnitude
between the maximum of the emission and
the NIR detection/upper limit
34- 36 I3 kyr AgeS [20/430] Age, from model of Smith (1)
38 A1 --- l_AgeM [>] Lower limit flag on AgeM
39- 41 I3 kyr AgeM [20/500] Age, from model of Myers
(1998ApJ...492..703M 1998ApJ...492..703M)
43- 45 I3 kyr AgeA [0/200] Age, from model of Andre (2)
47 A1 --- l_MassS [>] Lower limit flag on MassS
48- 52 F5.2 Msun MassS [0.01/50] Final mass, from model of Smith (1)
54 A1 --- l_MassM [<>] Limit flag on MassM
55- 57 F3.1 Msun MassM [0.3/2] Final mass, from model of Myers
(1998ApJ...492..703M 1998ApJ...492..703M)
59 A1 --- l_MassA [<>] Limit flag on MassA
60- 63 F4.2 Msun MassA [0.2/3] Final mass, from model of Andre (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): From model of Smith, 1998Ap&SS.261..169S 1998Ap&SS.261..169S, 2000IrAJ...27...25S 2000IrAJ...27...25S, and
2002, in The Origins of Stars and Planets: The VLT View, ed. J. Alves &
M. McCaughrean (Garching: ESO)(CD-ROM).
Note (2): From model of Andre, 2000, in Protostars and Planets IV, ed. V.
Mannings, A.P. Boss, & S.S. Russell (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), 59.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name Object name
18- 48 A31 --- OName Other names
50- 81 A32 --- r_OName Object references (1)
83- 84 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
86- 87 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
89- 93 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
95 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
96- 97 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
99-100 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
102-106 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
108-109 I2 --- r_DEs Position reference (in refs.dat file)
111-114 I4 pc Dist [130/4900] Distance
116-117 I2 --- r_Dist [1/70] Distance reference (in refs.dat file)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Where the object was mentioned as candidate or confirmed Class 0
source (in the samples listed in Sect. 2). In brackets deviations from the
general selection criteria are shown. In case the review article from Andre
et al. (2000, in Protostars and Planets IV, ed. V. Mannings, A. P. Boss, &
S. S. Russell (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press),59) provides the only
reference, we additionally list the discovery paper of the source.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref [1/71] Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- Bibcode Bibcode
24- 46 A23 --- Aut Author's name
49- 73 A25 --- Com Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name Object name (1)
19-567 A549 --- Com Object description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Object name used in this paper. Further common names are given in
table3.dat.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global Notes:
Note (G1): The flags are defined as below:
* = Object where the SED is only well determined on one side of the peak
and for the other side only upper limits or very few data are available;
** = Object with too few observational data to properly estimate even a
limit for Tbol.
Note (G2): Our classification is defined as below:
0 = Class 0 object;
0/1 = Borderline object;
1 = Class 1 object;
? = All remaining objects (a classification cannot be performed).
Note (G3): If the object is a Class 0 source. We conducted three different
test. A source was negatively tested to be a Class 0 object when (1) Tbol
is larger than 80K; (2) Lsmm/Lbol is less than 0.005; (3) there is a
NIR (λ<5µm) detection. If all three tests are positive then the
source was marked as Class 0 object (0). If at least two tests are positive
and the third could not be conducted or was negative, then the source is
marked as borderline object (0/1). In case of two negative tests the source
is classified as Class 1 (1). For all remaining objects a classification
cannot be performed and the source is marked by a question mark.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Marianne Brouty [CDS] 05-Jul-2005