J/ApJS/221/11 CANDELS visual classifications for GOODS-S (Kartaltepe+, 2015)
CANDELS visual classifications: scheme, data release, and first results.
Kartaltepe J.S., Mozena M., Kocevski D., McIntosh D.H., Lotz J., Bell E.F.,
Faber S., Ferguson H., Koo D., Bassett R., Bernyk M., Blancato K.,
Bournaud F., Cassata P., Castellano M., Cheung E., Conselice C.J.,
Croton D., Dahlen T., de Mello D.F., DeGroot L., Donley J., Guedes J.,
Grogin N., Hathi N., Hilton M., Hollon B., Koekemoer A., Liu N.,
Lucas R.A., Martig M., McGrath E., McPartland C., Mobasher B., Morlock A.,
O'Leary E., Peth M., Pforr J., Pillepich A., Rosario D., Soto E.,
Straughn A., Telford O., Sunnquist B., Trump J., Weiner B., Wuyts S.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 221, 11 (2015)>
=2015ApJS..221...11K 2015ApJS..221...11K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxy catalogs ; Morphology ; Photometry, HST
Keywords: cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift
Abstract:
We have undertaken an ambitious program to visually classify all
galaxies in the five CANDELS fields down to H<24.5 involving the
dedicated efforts of over 65 individual classifiers. Once completed,
we expect to have detailed morphological classifications for over
50000 galaxies spanning 0<z<4 over all the fields, with
classifications from 3 to 5 independent classifiers for each galaxy.
Here, we present our detailed visual classification scheme, which was
designed to cover a wide range of CANDELS science goals. This scheme
includes the basic Hubble sequence types, but also includes a detailed
look at mergers and interactions, the clumpiness of galaxies,
k-corrections, and a variety of other structural properties. In this
paper, we focus on the first field to be completed --GOODS-S, which has
been classified at various depths. The wide area coverage spanning the
full field (wide+deep+ERS) includes 7634 galaxies that have been
classified by at least three different people. In the deep area of the
field, 2534 galaxies have been classified by at least five different
people at three different depths. With this paper, we release to the
public all of the visual classifications in GOODS-S along with the
Perl/Tk GUI that we developed to classify galaxies. We present our
initial results here, including an analysis of our internal
consistency and comparisons among multiple classifiers as well as a
comparison to the Sersic index. We find that the level of agreement
among classifiers is quite good (>70% across the full magnitude range)
and depends on both the galaxy magnitude and the galaxy type, with
disks showing the highest level of agreement (>50%) and irregulars the
lowest (<10%). A comparison of our classifications with the Sersic
index and rest-frame colors shows a clear separation between disk and
spheroid populations. Finally, we explore morphological k-corrections
between the V-band and H-band observations and find that a small
fraction (84 galaxies in total) are classified as being very different
between these two bands. These galaxies typically have very clumpy and
extended morphology or are very faint in the V-band.
Description:
The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Dark Energy Legacy Survey (CANDELS)
is an HST Multi-Cycle Treasury Program to image portions of five of
the most commonly studied legacy fields (GOODS-N, GOODS-S, COSMOS, UDS
and EGS) with WFC3 in the NIR. The survey has observed all five fields
to 2-orbit depth in F125W (J-band, 2/3 orbit) and F160W (H-band, 4/3
orbit) and the central regions of GOODS-N and GOODS-S to 10 orbit
depth in these bands as well as F105W (Y-band). ACS parallel imaging
has also been obtained for all of these fields in F814W and F606W. For
details on the full CANDELS survey, see Grogin et al.
(2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G). In addition to the CANDELS observations, a
portion of GOODS-S was also observed as a part of the WFC3 Early
Release Science (ERS; Windhorst et al. 2011ApJS..193...27W 2011ApJS..193...27W) campaign
in Y, J, and H.
The CANDELS observations began in 2010 October and were completed in
2013 August. For this paper, we use mosaics at three different depths
for comparison.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 253 68842 *CANDELS: GOODS-S raw visual classification catalog
table3.dat 487 12702 *CANDELS: GOODS-S fractional visual classification
catalog
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Note on table2.dat and table3.dat: There are two different flavors of
catalogs --the "raw" and the "fractional." The raw catalogs are simply
collections of all of the raw classifications. Each object therefore has
multiple entries (as many entries as there are classifiers) and each
classifier is identified by a unique number. The second set of catalogs,
the "fractional" ones, are the ones that are most likely to be useful to the
community. These catalogs contain one entry per object and each classification
is marked by the fraction of people who checked that box. So if one out of
three classifiers classified an object as a disk, one as irregular, and two as
a spheroid, then the disk column will have the value 0.33, the spheroid
column 0.67, and the irregular column as 0.33. We have created separate
catalogs for each depth. There is a 2-epoch depth catalog covering the entire
GOODS-S field, one covering just the deep region, and one each covering the
deep region at 4- and 10-epoch depths.
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See also:
III/268 : DEEP2 Redshift Survey, Data Release 4 (Matthews+ 2013)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
VII/246 : GOODS Morphological Catalog (Bundy+, 2005)
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
J/ApJ/801/97 : GOODS-S + UDS stellar masses from CANDELS (Santini+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/435/2835 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 2 (Willett+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/775/106 : CANDELS passive & massive early-type galaxies (Cassata+, 2013)
J/ApJ/765/28 : CFHTLS galaxies with faint tidal features (Atkinson+, 2013)
J/ApJ/763/73 : Surface density profiles of GOODS-S galaxies (Szomoru+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/427/1666 : Massive galaxies in CANDELS-UDS field (Bruce+, 2012)
J/ApJS/203/24 : Structural param. of galaxies in CANDELS (van der Wel+, 2012)
J/ApJ/743/146 : HST/WFC3 observations in HUDF and GOODS-S (Cameron+, 2011)
J/ApJ/735/L22 : HUDF galaxy properties at z∼2 (Szomoru+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/413/80 : Hubble Space Telescope GOODS NICMOS Survey (Conselice+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/410/166 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 1 (Lintott+, 2011)
J/ApJ/721/98 : Morphology of 70um COSMOS galaxies (Kartaltepe+, 2010)
J/ApJS/186/427 : Detailed morphology of SDSS galaxies (Nair+, 2010)
J/ApJ/684/1026 : Photometric profiles from GOODS data (Azzollini+, 2008)
J/ApJS/174/136 : GEMS survey data and catalog (Caldwell+, 2008)
J/ApJS/172/615 : GALFIT result for GEMS galaxies (Haussler+, 2007)
J/ApJ/655/51 : HDFS IRAC observations of 2<z<3.5 galaxies (Wuyts+, 2007)
J/AJ/128/163 : Galaxy morphological classification (Lotz+, 2004)
J/ApJS/147/1 : Classification of nearby galaxies (Conselice+, 2003)
J/ApJ/588/218 : i*g* photometry of SDSS EDR galaxies (Abraham+, 2003)
J/ApJ/499/112 : HST CFRS and LDSS redshift surveys. I. (Brinchmann+ 1998)
J/ApJS/107/1 : Morphologies of distant galaxies II (Abraham+ 1996)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Depth Depth catalogs: 2, 4, or 10 epoch (G1)
3- 7 A5 --- --- [epoch]
9- 12 A4 --- Area GOODS-S Survey area: deep, wide, ers
14- 17 A4 --- --- [GDS_]
18- 29 A12 --- ID Object Identifier (1)
31- 39 F9.6 deg RAdeg [52.99/53.27] Right Ascension (J2000)
41- 50 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-28/-27.6] Declination (J2000)
52- 56 I5 --- Seq [1/25807]?=-99 Sequential Object Identifier
from Guo et al. (2013, J/ApJS/207/24) (G2)
58- 64 F7.4 mag Hmag [13.7/25] H band magnitude, WFPC3/IR F160W
66 I1 --- ClSph Morphology Class, Spheroid
68 I1 --- ClDk Morphology Class, Disk
70 I1 --- ClIr Morphology Class, Irregular
72 I1 --- ClPS Morphology Class, Point Source / compact
74 I1 --- ClUn Morphology Class, Unclassifiable
76 I1 --- ClInt [0/4] Interaction Class (2)
78 I1 --- C0P0 Clump Analysis: No Major Clumps; No Patchiness
80 I1 --- C1P0 Clump Analysis: 1-2 Major Clumps; No
Patchiness
82 I1 --- C2P0 Clump Analysis: 3+ Major Clumps; No
Patchiness
84 I1 --- C0P1 Clump Analysis: No Major Clumps; Some
Patchiness
86 I1 --- C1P1 Clump Analysis: 1-2 Major Clumps; Some
Patchiness
88 I1 --- C2P1 Clump Analysis: 3+ Major Clumps; Some
Patchiness
90 I1 --- C0P2 Clump Analysis: No Major Clumps; Lots of
Patchiness
92 I1 --- C1P2 Clump Analysis: 1-2 Major Clumps; Lots of
Patchiness
94 I1 --- C2P2 Clump Analysis: 3+ Major Clumps; Lots of
Patchiness
96 I1 --- q_Bl Quality Flag: Bad deblend
98 I1 --- q_img Quality Flag: Image quality problem
100 I1 --- q_Cl Quality Flag: Uncertain classification
102 I1 --- f_Vband K corr Flag: different class in V band
104 I1 --- f_zband K corr Flag: different class in z band
106 I1 --- f_Jband K corr Flag: different class in J band
108 I1 --- f_Tarms Structure Flag: Tidal Arms
110 I1 --- f_Db Structure Flag: Double nuclei
112 I1 --- f_asym Structure Flag: Asymmetric
114 I1 --- f_Sarms Structure Flag: Spiral arms
116 I1 --- f_Bar Structure Flag: Bar
118 I1 --- f_PSCont Structure Flag: Point source contamination
120 I1 --- f_Edge-on Structure Flag: Edge-on disk
122 I1 --- f_Face-on Structure Flag: Face-on disk
124 I1 --- f_Tp Structure Flag: Tadpole
126 I1 --- f_Chain Structure Flag: Chain galaxy
128 I1 --- f_Dk Structure Flag: Disk dominated
130 I1 --- f_Bg Structure Flag: Bulge dominated
132-133 I2 --- IDCl [1/68] Individual Classifier code, 1-68
135-253 A119 --- Comm Comments
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Note (1): Object Identifier is an object number the SExtractor catalog based
on 6-epoch GOODS-S mosaic with a prefix indicating the region and depth,
e.g., deep2
Note (2): Interaction Class as follows:
0 = none
1 = merger
2 = interaction within segmap
3 = interaction beyond segmap
4 = non-interacting companion
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Depth Depth catalogs: 2, 4, or 10 epoch (G1)
3- 7 A5 --- --- [epoch]
9- 12 A4 --- Area GOODS-S Survey area: deep, wide, ers
14- 17 A4 --- --- [GDS_]
18- 29 A12 --- ID Object Identifier (1)
31- 39 F9.6 deg RAdeg [52.99/53.27] Right Ascension (J2000)
41- 50 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-28/-27.6] Declination (J2000)
52- 56 I5 --- Seq [1/25807]?=-99 Sequential Object Identifier
from Guo et al. (2013, J/ApJS/207/24) (G2)
58- 64 F7.4 mag Hmag [13/25] H band magnitude, HST WFPC3/IR F160W
66- 67 I2 --- NCl [3/66] Number of classifications
for that galaxy
69- 77 F9.7 --- f(Sph) Fraction of classifiers that checked Spheroid
79- 87 F9.7 --- f(Dk) Fraction of classifiers that checked Disk
89- 97 F9.7 --- f(Ir) Fraction of classifiers that checked Irregular
99-107 F9.7 --- f(DS) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Disk and spheroid
109-117 F9.7 --- f(DI) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Disk and Irregular
119-127 F9.7 --- f(SI) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Spheroid and Irregular
129-137 F9.7 --- f(DSI) [0/0.6] Fraction of classifiers that checked
Disk, Spheroid, and Irregular
139-147 F9.7 --- f(PS) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Point source
149-157 F9.7 --- f(UnCl) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Unclassifiable
159-167 F9.7 --- f(M) Fraction of classifiers that checked Merger
169-177 F9.7 --- f(Int1) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Interaction within segmap
179-187 F9.7 --- f(Int2) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Interaction beyond segmap
189-197 F9.7 --- f(Comp) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Non-interacting companion
199-207 F9.7 --- f(NoInt) Fraction of classifiers that checked
No interactions
209-217 F9.7 --- f(Int) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Any interaction
219-227 F9.7 --- f(C0P0) Fraction of classifiers that checked
No Major Clumps; No Patchiness
229-237 F9.7 --- f(C1P0) Fraction of classifiers that checked
1-2 Major Clumps; No Patchiness
239-247 F9.7 --- f(C2P0) [0/0.8] Fraction of classifiers that checked
3+ Major Clumps; No Patchiness
249-257 F9.7 --- f(C0P1) Fraction of classifiers that checked
No Major Clumps; Some Patchiness
259-267 F9.7 --- f(C1P1) Fraction of classifiers that checked
1-2 Major Clumps; Some Patchiness
269-277 F9.7 --- f(C2P1) Fraction of classifiers that checked
3+ Major Clumps; Some Patchiness
279-287 F9.7 --- f(C0P2) Fraction of classifiers that checked
No Major Clumps; Lots of Patchiness
289-297 F9.7 --- f(C1P2) Fraction of classifiers that checked
1-2 Major Clumps; Lots of Patchiness
299-307 F9.7 --- f(C2P2) Fraction of classifiers that checked
3+ Major Clumps; Lots of Patchiness
309-317 F9.7 --- f(Dbl) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Bad deblend
319-327 F9.7 --- f(ImgQ) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Image quality problem
329-337 F9.7 --- f(Unc) Fraction of classifiers that checked
uncertain classification
339-347 F9.7 --- f(FlagV) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Kcorr, different class in V band
349-357 F9.7 --- f(Flagz) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Kcorr, different class in z band
359-367 F9.7 --- f(FlagJ) [0/0.7] Fraction of classifiers that checked
Kcorr, different class in J band
369-377 F9.7 --- f(TArms) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Tidal arms
379-387 F9.7 --- f(Db) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Double nuclei
389-397 F9.7 --- f(Asym) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Asymmetric
399-407 F9.7 --- f(Sp) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Spiral arms
409-417 F9.7 --- f(Bar) Fraction of classifiers that checked Bar
419-427 F9.7 --- f(PSc) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Point source contamination
429-437 F9.7 --- f(edge) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Edge-on disk
439-447 F9.7 --- f(face) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Face-on disk
449-457 F9.7 --- f(Tp) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Tadpole
459-467 F9.7 --- f(Ch) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Chain galaxy
469-477 F9.7 --- f(DkD) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Disk dominated
479-487 F9.7 --- f(Bg) Fraction of classifiers that checked
Bulge dominated
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Note (1): Object Identifier is an object number the SExtractor catalog based
on 6-epoch GOODS-S mosaic with a prefix indicating the region and depth,
e.g., deep2
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Global notes:
Note (G1): We use a uniform 2-orbit depth (J+H) mosaic across the full field.
This mosaic represents the wide coverage that has been obtained for all five
CANDELS fields. For the deep region of GOODS-S, we also use a 4-orbit
(available at the beginning of the visual classifications) and the final
10-orbit depth mosaic in order to test the dependence of our classifications
on image depth. See section 2.1.
Note (G2): in Simbad.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 27-Jan-2016