J/ApJS/233/16 Spectral data for neutral carbon (C I) (Haris+, 2017)
Critically evaluated spectral data for neutral carbon (C I).
Haris K., Kramida A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 233, 16 (2017)>
=2017ApJS..233...16H 2017ApJS..233...16H
ADC_Keywords: Atomic physics
Keywords: atomic data ; infrared: general ; line: identification ;
methods: data analysis ; techniques: spectroscopic ;
ultraviolet: general
Abstract:
In this critical compilation, all experimental data on the spectrum of
neutral carbon known to us were methodically evaluated and
supplemented by parametric calculations with Cowan's codes. The
sources of experimental data vary from laboratory to astrophysical
objects, and employ different instrumentations, from classical grating
and Fourier transform spectrometers to precise laser spectroscopy
setups and various other modern techniques. This comprehensive
evaluation provides accurate atomic data on energy levels and
wavelengths (observed and Ritz) with their estimated uncertainties, as
well as a uniform description of the observed line intensities. In
total, 412 previously known energy levels were optimized with the help
of 1221 selected best-observed lines participating in 1365 transitions
in the wavelength region 750Å-609.14µm. The list of recommended
energy levels is extended by including 21 additional levels found
through quantum-defect extrapolations or parametric calculations with
Cowan's codes. In addition, 737 possibly observable transitions are
predicted. Critically evaluated transition probabilities for 1616
lines are provided, of which 241 are new. With accurate energy levels
obtained, combined with additional observed data on high Rydberg
states, the ionization limit was determined to be 90820.348(9)cm-1 or
11.2602880(11)eV, in fair agreement with the previously recommended
value, but more accurate.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . this file
table1.dat 240 2102 Observed and predicted spectral lines of C I
table2.dat 148 435 Observed energy levels of C I
table9.dat 56 424 Optimized parameters of C I
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See also:
J/A+A/375/591 : SUMER Spectral Atlas of Solar Disk Features (Curdt+, 2001)
J/ApJS/211/4 : Thorium spectrum from 250nm to 5500nm (Redman+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Int Relative Intensity (1)
18- 30 F13.5 0.1nm WavL [750.6/6091354]? Observed Wavelength (2)
32- 38 F7.5 0.1nm e_WavL [/0.6]? Uncertainty in WavL (2)
40- 44 I5 --- SNR [2/17210]? Signal-to-noise ratio (3)
46- 48 I3 10-3cm-1 FWHM [17/873]? Full-width at Half-Maximum (3)
50- 63 F14.7 cm-1 WavN [16.4/133213]? Observed Wavenumber (4)
65- 74 F10.7 cm-1 e_WavN [/30]? Uncertainty in WavN (4)
76-106 A31 --- LLev Lower Level (5)
108-139 A32 --- ULev Upper Level (5)
141-153 F13.7 cm-1 LE [0/86499] Lower Energy (6)
155-168 F14.7 cm-1 UE [16/133256] Upper Energy (6)
170-183 F14.6 0.1nm CWavL [750.6/6091354] Calculated (Ritz)
Wavelength (2)
185-194 F10.6 0.1nm e_CWavL [/100] Uncertainty in CWavL (2)
196-203 A8 s-1 A ? Transition probability; A-value
205-206 A2 --- Acc Accuracy of A-value (7)
208-209 A2 --- Type Type of transition (8)
211-223 A13 --- r_A References for A-value (9)
225-231 A7 --- r_WavL Reference for WavL (10)
233-234 A2 --- Ns ? Number of sources for Int (11)
236-240 A5 --- Comm Comments (12)
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Note (1): Averaged relative observed intensities in arbitrary units are given
on a uniform scale corresponding to Boltzmann populations in a plasma
with an effective excitation temperature of 0.41eV, corresponding
to the FT spectrum "85R13" (see Section 5 for possible uncertainties
in the given values). The intensity value is followed by the line
character encoded as:
bl = blended by other lines either specified by an elemental symbol or
given by an index in parentheses. The index is explained as follows
(unit of values is cm-1):
OIV/2 = second order of an O IV line,
T = contaminated by a telluric line,
1 = 23418.059,
2 = 20992.2792,
3 = 8254.2325,
4 = 6834.1017,
5 = 5657.1101
D = double line
d = diffuse
H = very hazy
i = identification uncertain
m = masked by other lines either marked or specified by an index
in parentheses.
The index is explained as follows (unit of values is cm-1):
1 = 21899.0959,
2 = 2927.0767,
3 = 2107.4239,
4 = 1350.858,
5 = 1355.422,
6 = 1349.731,
7 = 1347.773,
8 = 1339.013
l = shaded to long wavelength
p = perturbed by nearby lines either indicated by spectrum symbol or
given by an index in the parenthesis. The index explained as
follows (unit of values is cm-1):
gh = grating ghost,
1 = 8191.0769,
2 = 8104.4249,
3 = 6764.1865,
4 = 6740.0118,
5 = 5396.8230,
6 = 3889.1307,
7 = 2033.1415,
8 = 2015.0026
q = asymmetric
r = Easily reversed
Sh= Shoulder
w = wide
* = intensity is shared by two or more lines
: = wavelength not measured (the value given is a rounded Ritz wavelength)
? = the given character is uncertain
Note (2): Observed and Ritz wavelengths are in
vacuum for WavL<2000Å and WavL>20000Å and in
standard air for 2000Å<WavL<20000Å.
Conversion between air and vacuum was made with the five-parameter
formula from Peck (1972JOSA...62..958P 1972JOSA...62..958P). Assigned uncertainty
of given observed wavelength or computed uncertainty of Ritz
wavelength determined in the level optimization procedure.
Note (3): Signal-to-noise ratio and full-width at half-maximum
(in units of 10-3cm-1) for the lines measured in FT spectra.
Note (4): Observed wavenumber (in vacuum).
Note (5): Level designation from Table 2.
Note (6): Level energy value from Table 2.
Note (7): Accuracy code of the A-value is given in Table 10 as:
--------------------------------------------------------
Symbol Uncertainty in A-Value Uncertainty in log(gf)
(%)
--------------------------------------------------------
AAA ≤ 0.3 ≤0.0013
AA ≤ 1 ≤0.004
A+ ≤ 2 ≤0.009
A ≤ 3 ≤0.013
B+ ≤ 7 ≤0.03
B ≤10 ≤0.04
C+ ≤18 ≤0.08
C ≤25 ≤0.11
D+ ≤40 ≤0.18
D ≤50 ≤0.24
E >50 >0.24
--------------------------------------------------------
Note (8): Type as follows:
Blank = electric-dipole(E1) transition;
M1 = magnetic-dipole transition;
E2 = electric-quadrupole transition.
Note (9): All transition probabilities, except marked as TW ("This work") are
those critically evaluated by Wiese+ (1996atpc.book.....W 1996atpc.book.....W),
Wiese+ (2007JPCRD..36.1287W 2007JPCRD..36.1287W), Wiese+ (2007JPCRD..36.1737W 2007JPCRD..36.1737W)
where the original source of data were encoded as follows:
F06 = Froese Fischer (2006JPhB...39.2159F 2006JPhB...39.2159F);
G89a= normalized to a different scale from values reported by
Goldbach et al. (1989A&A...221..155G 1989A&A...221..155G);
H93 = Hibbert et al. (1993A&AS...99..179H 1993A&AS...99..179H);
H93a = normalized to a different scale from values reported by
Hibbert et al. (1993);
L89 = Luo & Pradhan (1989JPhB...22.3377L 1989JPhB...22.3377L);
L89a = calculated from the multiplet value given by
Luo & Pradhan (1989) assuming pure LS-coupling;
N84 = Nussbaumer & Storey (1984A&A...140..383N 1984A&A...140..383N);
N84a = normalized to a different scale from values reported by
Nussbaumer & Storey (1984);
T01 = Tachiev & Froese Fischer (2001CaJPh..79..955T 2001CaJPh..79..955T);
W = A. W. Weiss, private communication, as quoted in Wiese et al. (1996);
TW = This work, semiempirical calculations using Cowan's codes (see text)
Note (10): Line References as follows:
B80 = Bernheim & Kittrell (1980AcSpe..35...51B 1980AcSpe..35...51B);
C81 = Cantu et al. (1981PhRvA..23.1223C 1981PhRvA..23.1223C);
C98 = Chang & Geller (1998PhyS...58..326C 1998PhyS...58..326C); followed by
various solar origin as:
#1 = NOAO1, Livingston & Wallace (1991aass.book.....L 1991aass.book.....L);
#2 = NOAO2, Wallace, Hinkle & Livingston (1993)
[1993aps..book.....W 1993aps..book.....W);
#A = ATMOS Farmer & Norton (1989hra1.book.....F 1989hra1.book.....F);
#M = Mark-IV, Toon (1991OptPN...2...19T 1991OptPN...2...19T);
C01 = Curdt et al. (2001A&A...375..591C 2001A&A...375..591C);
F76 = Feldman et al. (1976JOSA...66..853F 1976JOSA...66..853F);
F91 = Feldman & Doschek (1991ApJS...75..925F 1991ApJS...75..925F);
G09 = Garcia-Hernandez et al. (2009ApJ...696.1733G 2009ApJ...696.1733G);
H58 = Herzberg (1958RSPSA.248..309H 1958RSPSA.248..309H);
J66 = Johansson, L. 1966, Ark Fys, 31, 201;
K63 = Keenan, P. C., & Greenstein, J. L. 1963, The Line Spectrum of
R Coronae Borealis, lambda: 3700-8600 Angstrom, Contrib. from the
Perkins Observatory, Vol. II, No:13
K66 = Kaufman & Ward (1966JOSA...56.1591K 1966JOSA...56.1591K);
K98 = Klein et al. (1998ApJ...494L.125K 1998ApJ...494L.125K);
L95 = Liu et al. (1995MNRAS.273...47L 1995MNRAS.273...47L);
L05 = Labazan et al. (2005PhRvA..71d0501L 2005PhRvA..71d0501L);
M81 = Mazzoni (1981PhyBC.111..379M 1981PhyBC.111..379M);
P05 = Parenti, Vial & Lemaire (2005A&A...443..679P 2005A&A...443..679P);
R27 = Ryde (1927RSPSA.117..164R 1927RSPSA.117..164R);
S47 = Shenstone (1947PhRv...72..411S 1947PhRv...72..411S);
S86 = Sandlin et al. (1986ApJS...61..801S 1986ApJS...61..801S);
SiC* = Newly observed lines from the SiC FT spectrum
TW = Either predicted with a better accuracy than that of
Johansson (1966, Ark Fys, 31, 201) in his Table 3 or newly calculated
between energy level optimized in this work.
W07 = Wallace & Hinkle (2007ApJS..169..159W 2007ApJS..169..159W); followed by the
different origin of FT spectrum from the NSO archive as
#1 = 840210R0.001,
#2 = 810812R0.002,
#6 = 880413R0.006,
#13 = 850905R0.013.
See the text (section 2.1) for more details. An extra '*' denotes
either a newly measured line or the previous identification revised
in this work See Table 2 for revised energy levels.
W63 = Wilkinson & Andrew (1963JOSA...53..710W 1963JOSA...53..710W);
W96 = Wallace et al. (1996ApJS..106..165W 1996ApJS..106..165W);
Y91 = Yamamoto & Saito (1991ApJ...370L.103Y 1991ApJ...370L.103Y);
Note (11): Number of sources, if more than one, used to obtain an
averaged intensity.
Note (12): Flag as follows:
C = uncertainty of the line is the differences between the fitted
wavelength and the line's center of gravity.
D = the given uncertainty was doubled, compared to the original value
in the quoted source.
E = the given uncertainty was tripled, compared to the original value
in the quoted source.
F = FT measurement.
G = grating measurement.
P = predicted line.
S = single line that solely determines the upper energy level.
T = intensity much greater than expected.
U = intensity varies by an order of magnitude or more in
different observations.
V = intensity could not be reduced to the common-scale.
W = intensity is much weaker than expected.
X = the line was excluded from the level optimization.
Y = blending reported in the original quoted work is removed in this work.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 32 A32 --- Config Configuration, Term & J (1)
34- 47 F14.7 cm-1 Eobs [0/133256] Observed energy
49- 57 F9.7 cm-1 eEobs1 [/0.008]? D1 Uncertainty of Eobs (2)
59- 66 F8.5 cm-1 eEobs2 [0/60]? Uncertainty of Eobs (2)
68- 70 I3 % Perc [32/100]? Leading percentage (3)
72- 73 I2 % Perc2 [4/48]? Second leading percentage (3)
75- 99 A25 --- LComp2 Second leading component (3)
101-102 I2 % Perc3 [4/28]? Third leading percentage (3)
104-128 A25 --- LComp3 3rd leading component (3)
130-133 I4 cm-1 Diff [-197/206]? Differences of Eobs & Efit (4)
135-142 A8 --- LS Previous LS designation (1)
144-146 I3 --- NoL [1/141]? Number of lines in LOPT (5)
148 A1 --- Comm Comment (6)
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Note (1): The level designations are in either LS or JK (pair) coupling scheme.
JK-designation is given for all previously known regular series
2p.nd (n≥7) and 2p.nl(n≥8, l=s,p) and their old LS-designation with
a leading percentage is given in column "LS".
Note (2): The quantity given in column eEobs2 is the uncertainty of separation
from the "base" level 2p.3p 3P2 at 71385.40992 cm-1 (see text). The
quantity in column eEobs1 (D1) approximately corresponds to the
minimum uncertainty of separation from other levels (for a strict
definition, see Kramida (2011CoPhC.182..419K 2011CoPhC.182..419K); if blank, it
is the same as eEobs2). To roughly estimate an uncertainty of any
energy interval, (except those within the ground term),the values in
column eEobs2 should be combined in quadrature (see text in
Section 3).
Note (3): The first leading percentage refers to the configuration and term
given in the first two columns. The 2nd and 3rd percentages refer to
the configuration and term subsequent to them. Percentages are blank
for levels that were not included in the calculations.
Note (4): Differences between Eobs and those calculated in the parametric
least-squares fitting (LSF). Blank for unobserved levels or those
excluded from the LSF or not included in the calculations.
Note (5): Number of observed lines determining the level in the level
optimization procedure. Blank for unobserved levels.
Note (6): Comment as follows:
B = the base level for presentation of uncertainties.
E = the energy level is extrapolated from the known quantum defects.
L = the level value obtained in the parametric LSF calculation with
Cowan's codes (see text).
R = the value of Eobs of previously unresolved fine-structure
components is resolved in this work.
T = the level position is tentative, based on a single line
with an uncertain identification (see Table 1).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- Config Configuration (1)
12- 21 A10 --- Parms Slater parameters (1)
23- 31 F9.2 cm-1 LSF [-542/218429]? Least-squares-fitted value (1)
33- 37 F5.1 --- e_Parms [-10/93]? Uncertainty of Params (2)
39 I1 --- Group [1/7]? Group index (3)
41- 48 F8.1 cm-1 HFR [0/210998]? Hartree-Fock value (1)
50- 54 F5.3 --- Ratio [0.4/1.2]? Ratio of LSF-to-HF (1)
56 A1 --- Comm [FR] Comment (4)
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Note (1): Configurations involved in the calculations and their defining Slater
parameters with their Hartree-Fock value and/or Least-squares-fitted
value or their ratio.
Note (2): Uncertainty of each parameter represents their standard deviation.
Blank for fixed values.
Note (3): Parameters in each numbered group were linked together with their
ratio fixed at the HF level.
Note (4): Comment as follows:
F = The parameters are fixed at given Ratio of HF value.
R = All configuration-interaction parameters Rk in both sets
of parity are fixed at 75 percentage of HF value.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-Jan-2018