J/ApJS/237/18 Cr, Co, and Ni abundances for metal-poor red giants (Kirby+, 2018)
Catalog of chromium, cobalt, and nickel abundances in globular clusters and
dwarf galaxies.
Kirby E.N., Xie J.L., Guo R., Kovalev M., Bergemann M.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 237, 18 (2018)>
=2018ApJS..237...18K 2018ApJS..237...18K
ADC_Keywords: Abundances; Stars, giant; Galaxies, spectra; Clusters, globular;
Photometry, UBVRI
Keywords: galaxies: abundances ; galaxies: dwarf ; Local Group ;
nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ; supernovae
Abstract:
We present measurements of the abundances of chromium, cobalt, and
nickel in 4113 red giants, including 2277 stars in globular clusters
(GCs), 1820 stars in the Milky Way's dwarf satellite galaxies, and 16
field stars. We measured the abundances from mostly archival
Keck/DEIMOS medium-resolution spectroscopy with a resolving power of
R∼6500 and a wavelength range of approximately 6500-9000Å. The
abundances were determined by fitting spectral regions that contain
absorption lines of the elements under consideration. We used
estimates of temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity that we
previously determined from the same spectra. We estimated systematic
error by examining the dispersion of abundances within mono- metallic
GCs. The median uncertainties for [Cr/Fe], [Co/Fe], and [Ni/Fe] are
0.20, 0.20, and 0.13, respectively. Finally, we validated our
estimations of uncertainty through duplicate measurements, and we
evaluated the accuracy and precision of our measurements through
comparison to high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of the same
stars.
Description:
We use medium-resolution spectroscopy to measure abundances of
iron-peak elements in stars in dwarf galaxies, globular clusters
(GCs), and in the field of the Milky Way halo. The spectra come from
the Keck Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS;
6500-9000Å, R∼6500). The vast majority of the data in this paper is
archival.
We also obtained new spectra with DEIMOS in five GCs (NGC 4590, NGC
5053, NGC 5272 and NGC 5897 in 2016 and Palomar 14 in 2011), as well
as two dwarf galaxies (Ursa Minor and Sextans in 2010 May).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
syst.dat 42 41 Spectroscopic targets (table 2)
table3.dat 194 4114 *Catalog of abundances
table4.dat 27 183 Important atomic lines
table5.dat 142 128 Comparison to high-resolution spectroscopic
abundances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table3.dat: Stet-M68-S213 has been added by the author: "its color is a
little bit different from the other red giants of similar magnitude in the
cluster, but it's definitely a member star."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)
J/AJ/108/555 : BVI photometry in globular cluster M68 (Walker, 1994)
J/AJ/120/1841 : Abundances & Kinematics of Halo & Disk Stars (Fulbright 2000)
J/AJ/121/916 : HST obs. of NGC 2298, 5897, 6535, and 6626 (Testa+, 2001)
J/ApJ/612/447 : Draco 119 and HD 88609 equivalent widths (Fulbright+, 2004)
J/AJ/129/303 : Abundances of stars in M3 and M13 (Cohen+, 2005)
J/AJ/129/1607 : Equivalent widths of 4 RGB in NGC 7492 (Cohen+, 2005)
J/PASP/117/37 : BVRI photometry in NGC 2419, Pal 4, and Pal 14 (Saha+, 2005)
J/ApJ/682/1217 : Abundances in red giants in 7 GCs (Kirby+, 2008)
J/ApJ/701/1053 : Abundances of 8 stars in the Draco dSph (Cohen+, 2009)
J/ApJ/705/328 : Abundance measurements in Sculptor dSph (Kirby+, 2009)
J/ApJ/719/931 : Chemical evolution of the UMi dSph (Cohen+, 2010)
J/ApJ/708/560 : Spectroscopy of UMa II and Coma Ber (Frebel+, 2010)
J/ApJS/191/352 : Abundances in stars of MW dwarf satellites (Kirby+, 2010)
J/A+A/523/A17 : Individual stars in Fornax dSph center (Letarte+, 2010)
J/A+A/530/A31 : Stellar param. in 10 globular cluster fields (Lane+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/175 : Abundances in M15 RGB/RHB stars (Sobeck+, 2011)
J/ApJ/779/102 : Metallicities of RGB stars in dwarf galaxies (Kirby+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/429/126 : Atmospheric parameters from Fe lines (Ruchti+, 2013)
J/ApJ/819/135 : Lithium-rich giants in globular clusters (Kirby+, 2016)
J/A+A/603/A37 : 4 globular clusters RGB and AGB stars (Gruyters+, 2017)
J/A+A/616/A12 : Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph (Gaia Collaboration+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: syst.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- OT Type of target (dG= dwarf galaxies,
GC= globular clusters and FS= field stars)
4 A1 --- f_Syst [n] n: target with new spectroscopic observations
from this work; column added by CDS
6- 22 A17 --- Syst Target name
24- 26 A3 --- OID Other name of the target (Messier number)
28- 30 I3 --- NCr [0/262] Number of stars with measurements of Cr
32- 34 I3 --- NCo [0/320] Number of stars with measurements of Co
36- 38 I3 --- NNi [0/560] Number of stars with measurements of Ni
40- 42 I3 --- N [1/562] Number of stars in the system
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Syst Name of stellar system to which star belongs
19- 34 A16 --- Name Star name
36- 37 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
39- 40 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
42- 46 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
48- 48 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
49- 50 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
52- 53 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
55- 58 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
60- 64 F5.2 mag Bmag [6.9/23]? Extinction-corrected apparent
B magnitude (1)
66- 70 F5.2 mag Vmag [6/22]? Extinction-corrected apparent
V magnitude (1)
72- 76 F5.2 mag Rmag [5.6/21.2]? Extinction-corrected apparent
R magnitude (1)
78- 82 F5.2 mag Imag [7.8/21]? Extinction-corrected apparent
I magnitude (1)
84- 90 A7 --- mask DEIMOS slitmask
92- 96 F5.1 10nm-1 SN [0.7/974] Signal-to-noise ratio per Angstrom
98-101 I4 K Teff [3674/6871] Effective temperature
103-106 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [0/3.6] Surface gravity
108-112 F5.2 [Sun] FeH [-3.4/-0.3]? Iron abundance [Fe/H]
114-117 F4.2 [Sun] e_FeH [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Fe/H]
119-123 F5.2 [Sun] MgFe [-0.5/1.2]? Magnesium-to-iron ratio [Mg/Fe]
125-128 F4.2 [Sun] e_MgFe [0.08/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Mg/Fe]
130-134 F5.2 [Sun] SiFe [-0.7/1.3]? Silicon-to-iron ratio [Si/Fe]
136-139 F4.2 [Sun] e_SiFe [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Si/Fe]
141-145 F5.2 [Sun] CaFe [-0.8/1.2]? Calcium-to-iron ratio [Ca/Fe]
147-150 F4.2 [Sun] e_CaFe [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Ca/Fe]
152-156 F5.2 [Sun] TiFe [-0.7/1.2]? Titanium-to-iron ratio [Ti/Fe]
158-161 F4.2 [Sun] e_TiFe [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Ti/Fe]
163-167 F5.2 [Sun] CrFe [-1.1/1.4]? Chromium-to-iron ratio [Cr/Fe]
169-172 F4.2 [Sun] e_CrFe [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Cr/Fe]
174-178 F5.2 [Sun] CoFe [-1/2]? Cobalt-to-iron ratio [Co/Fe]
180-183 F4.2 [Sun] e_CoFe [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Co/Fe]
185-189 F5.2 [Sun] NiFe [-1.4/1.1]? Nickel-to-iron ratio [Ni/Fe]
191-194 F4.2 [Sun] e_NiFe [0.08/0.3]? Uncertainty of [Ni/Fe]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): To reiterate Kirby+, 2016, J/ApJ/819/135, the photometry was taken
from P.B. Stetson
(http://www2.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/community/STETSON/standards/),
Walker (1994, J/AJ/108/555), Stetson (2000PASP..112..925S 2000PASP..112..925S),
Testa+ (2001, J/AJ/121/916), and An+ (2008ApJS..179..326A 2008ApJS..179..326A).
See section 2.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 0.1nm lamAir [6314.6/8862.6] Wavelength in air
10- 14 A5 --- Ion Ion (element and state: I-neutral,
II-singly ionized)
16- 20 F5.3 eV EP [0.9/5.4] Excitation potential
22- 27 F6.3 [-] loggf [-4.5/0.1] Logarithm of oscillator strength
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- OID Messier number of the stellar system
5- 18 A14 --- Syst Name of stellar system to which star belongs
20- 32 A13 --- Name Star name from this work (1)
34- 44 A11 --- HRSName Star name from HRS reference
46- 47 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
49- 50 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
52- 56 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
58 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000) (1)
59- 60 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)
62- 63 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
65- 68 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
70- 76 A7 --- r_HRSName Reference for high-resolution spectroscopic
(HRS) abundances (2)
78- 82 F5.2 [Sun] Cr-HRS [-0.5/0.4]? HRS measurement of [Cr/Fe]
84- 87 F4.2 [Sun] e_Cr-HRS [0.05/0.3]? Uncertainty of Cr-HRS
89- 93 F5.2 [Sun] Co-HRS [-0.8/0.6]? HRS measurement of [Co/Fe]
95- 98 F4.2 [Sun] e_Co-HRS [0.05/0.3]? Uncertainty of Co-HRS
100-104 F5.2 [Sun] Ni-HRS [-0.5/0.4]? HRS measurement of [Ni/Fe]
106-109 F4.2 [Sun] e_Ni-HRS [0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty of Ni-HRS
111-115 F5.2 [Sun] Cr-MRS [-1.1/0.6]? Medium-resolution spectroscopic
(MRS) measurement of [Cr/Fe]
117-120 F4.2 [Sun] e_Cr-MRS [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of Cr-MRS
122-126 F5.2 [Sun] Co-MRS [-0.6/0.7]? MRS measurement of [Co/Fe]
128-131 F4.2 [Sun] e_Co-MRS [0.1/0.3]? Uncertainty of Co-MRS
133-137 F5.2 [Sun] Ni-MRS [-1.1/0.4]? MRS measurement of [Ni/Fe]
139-142 F4.2 [Sun] e_Ni-MRS [0.08/0.3]? Uncertainty of Ni-MRS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Star name as in Table 3 and coordinates have been added by the author.
Note (2): References as follows:
CH2009 = Cohen & Huang (2009, J/ApJ/701/1053)
CH2010 = Cohen & Huang (2010, J/ApJ/719/931)
CM2005a = Cohen & Melendez (2005, J/AJ/129/303)
CM2005b = Cohen & Melendez (2005, J/AJ/129/1607)
F+2010 = Frebel et al. (2010, J/ApJ/708/560);
<[FSG2010] ComBer-SN> in Simbad
F2000 = Fulbright (2000, J/AJ/120/1841)
F+2004 = Fulbright et al. (2004, J/ApJ/612/447)
G+2005 = Geisler et al. (2005AJ....129.1428G 2005AJ....129.1428G)
GO1989 = Gratton & Ortolani (1989A&A...211...41G 1989A&A...211...41G)
I+2001 = Ivans et al. (2001AJ....122.1438I 2001AJ....122.1438I);
<Cl* NGC 5904 Arp {III}-NNN> in Simbad
J2002 = Johnson (2002ApJS..139..219J 2002ApJS..139..219J)
K+2008 = Koch et al. (2008ApJ...688L..13K 2008ApJ...688L..13K); <[KMG2008] Her-2> in Simbad
K+1998 = Kraft et al. (1998AJ....115.1500K 1998AJ....115.1500K)
L+2005 = Lee et al. (2005AJ....129..251L 2005AJ....129..251L)
L+2010 = Letarte et al. (2010, J/A+A/523/A17); <[LHT2010] BLNNN> in Simbad
M+2003 = Mishenina et al. (2003ARep...47..248M 2003ARep...47..248M)
RC2002 = Ramirez & Cohen (2002AJ....123.3277R 2002AJ....123.3277R)
RC2003 = Ramirez & Cohen (2003AJ....125..224R 2003AJ....125..224R);
<[RC2003] GMMSSs-MMSS> in Simbad
S+2004 = Sadakane et al. (2004PASJ...56.1041S 2004PASJ...56.1041S)
S+1998 = Shetrone et al. (1998AJ....115.1888S 1998AJ....115.1888S); <[BS61] 267> in Simbad
S+2001 = Shetrone et al. (2001ApJ...548..592S 2001ApJ...548..592S)
S+2003 = Shetrone et al. (2003AJ....125..684S 2003AJ....125..684S)
S+1997 = Sneden et al. (1997AJ....114.1964S 1997AJ....114.1964S)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
Acknowledgements:
Evan Kirby [Caltech Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics] -
http://galacticarchaeology.caltech.edu/
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 07-Sep-2018