J/ApJS/241/37 1.4 and 5GHz deep JVLA radio survey of M33 (White+, 2019)
A new, deep JVLA radio survey of M33.
White R.L., Long K.S., Becker R.H., Blair W.P., Helfand D.J., Winkler P.F.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 241, 37 (2019)>
=2019ApJS..241...37W 2019ApJS..241...37W
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby; Radio continuum; Supernova remnants;
X-ray sources
Keywords: galaxies: individual (M33) ; ISM: supernova remnants ;
radio continuum: galaxies ; radio continuum: ISM ;
X-rays: individual (M33 X-8)
Abstract:
We have performed new 1.4 and 5 GHz observations of the Local Group
galaxy M33 with the Jansky Very Large Array. Our survey has a limiting
sensitivity of 20µJy (4σ) and a resolution of 5.9" (FWHM),
corresponding to a spatial resolution of 24pc at 817kpc. Using a new
multiresolution algorithm, we have created a catalog of 2875 sources,
including 675 with well-determined spectral indices. We detect sources
at the position of 319 of the X-ray sources in the
Tullmann+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/31) Chandra survey of M33, the majority of
which are likely to be background galaxies. The radio source
coincident with M33 X-8, the nuclear source, appears to be extended.
Along with numerous HII regions or portions of HII region complexes,
we detect 155 of the 217 optical supernova remnants (SNRs) included in
the lists of Long+, 2010, J/ApJS/187/495 and
Lee & Lee, 2014, J/ApJ/793/134, making this by far the largest sample
of remnants at known distances with multiwavelength coverage. The
remnants show a large dispersion in the ratio of radio to X-ray
luminosity at a given diameter, a result that challenges the current
generation of models for synchrotron radiation evolution in SNRs.
Description:
Observations of M33 with the JVLA were obtained at both 1.4 and 5GHz.
The 1.4GHz observations were taken under proposal 12A-403 in
A-configuration (2012 October), B-configuration (2012 July-August),
and C-configuration (2012 January-April). A total of 16hr, 32hr, and
16hr of integration time (14.0, 28.2, and 12.1hr on source) were
taken in the A, B, and C configurations, respectively. Seven fields of
view were required to cover the central area of M33 at 1.4GHz.
The 5GHz observations were obtained as part of proposal 13A-291 in
C-configuration in 2013 June and July for a total of 48hr integration
time (43.2hr on target). Forty-one pointings were required at the
higher frequency to cover the main body of M33.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 195 2875 M33 radio source catalog
table4.dat 150 215 Forced photometry of M33 SNR candidates
table6.dat 179 662 Forced photometry of M33 X-ray sources
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See also:
B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)
VIII/59 : The FIRST Survey, version 1999Jul (White+ 1999)
J/ApJS/79/77 : Bell Lab. H I Survey - High Velocity Clouds (Stark+ 1992)
J/ApJS/120/247 : Supernova remnants in M33 (Gordon+, 1999)
J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)
J/AJ/134/2474 : Hα emission-line stars in 7 dwarfs gal. (Massey+, 2007)
J/ApJS/174/366 : Chandra ACIS survey of M33 (ChaSeM33) (Plucinsky+, 2008)
J/ApJ/703/370 : Radio SNRs in nearby galaxies (Chomiuk+, 2009)
J/ApJS/187/495 : SNRs in M33 from optical and X-ray (Long+, 2010)
J/ApJS/193/31 : M33 Chandra ACIS survey: final catalog (Tullmann+, 2011)
J/ApJS/203/8 : Optical SNR candidates in M83 (Blair+, 2012)
J/other/Ser/189.15 : Point source catalogue of M31. DR2 (Galvin+, 2014)
J/ApJ/786/130 : Catalog of M31 SNR candidates (Lee+, 2014)
J/ApJ/793/134 : M33 SNR candidates properties (Lee+, 2014)
J/ApJ/795/170 : Sample SNRs for M31 and M33 (Jennings+, 2014
J/ApJS/212/21 : A deep Chandra ACIS survey of M83 (Long+, 2014)
J/A+A/585/A162 : X-ray supernova remnants in LMC (Maggi+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/472/308 : Supernova remnants in M33: X-ray properties (Garofali+, 2017)
J/ApJ/842/97 : Spectroscopic obs. of 413 HII regions in M33 (Lin+, 2017)
J/A+A/602/A1 : VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project (Smolcic+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/268 : Hα sources in the inner of M33 (Moody+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/140 : MMT spectra of SNRs and SNR candidates in M33 (Long+, 2018)
J/A+A/622/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey DR1 source cat. (Shimwell+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Name of source (W19-Island number)
10- 11 I2 h RAh [1] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm [31/36] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
16- 21 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 23 A1 --- DE- [+] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
24- 25 I2 deg DEd [30/31] Degree of Declination (J2000)
27- 28 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
30- 34 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
36- 43 F8.5 deg RAPkdeg [22.8/24.1] Right Ascension, peak
45- 52 F8.5 deg DEPkdeg [30.1/31.2] Declination, peak
54- 54 A1 --- Wrn W: indicates source is below detection
threshold
56- 64 E9.2 mW/m2 HaTot [-4.7e-14/1.5e-12]? Integrated
H-alpha flux; in erg/cm2/s units
66- 74 E9.2 mW/m2/arcsec2 HaAvg [-4.4e-16/5.1e-14]? H-alpha surface
brightness; erg/cm2/s/arcsec2
76- 83 F8.1 uJy F1.4GHz [2/168893] Integrated flux at
frequency 1.4GHz
85- 89 F5.1 uJy e_F1.4GHz [2/165] Error on F1.4GHz
91- 96 F6.3 --- alpha [-3/3]? Spectral index α (G1)
98-102 F5.3 --- e_alpha [0/2.8] Error on alpha; 0 for points
at alpha clip limits (G1)
104-111 F8.1 uJy Fint [7/106352] Flux at pivot frequency pFreq
113-117 F5.1 uJy e_Fint [2.4/379] Error on Fint
119-123 F5.3 GHz pFreq [1.3/5.6] Pivot frequency ν0 where
signal-to-noise is maximized
125-132 F8.1 uJy Fpeak [5.4/114191] Peak pixel in island from
detection image
134-137 F4.1 uJy e_Fpeak [1/32] Noise in Fpeak
139-143 F5.2 arcsec amaj [3.9/58.6] Major axis FWHM (1)
145-149 F5.2 arcsec bmin [3.4/27.8] Minor axis FWHM (1)
151-155 F5.1 deg PA Position angle of major axis
157-157 I1 --- N [1/4] Number of frequency bands with
data (G2)
159-162 I4 --- Island [1/2981] Island number (1 to 2981)
164-165 I2 --- Sflag [0/11] SNR detection flag (>8: most
reliable matches) (G3)
167-174 A8 --- SNR1 Names of associated SNR(s) (G4)
176-183 A8 --- SNR2 Names of associated SNR(s) (G4)
185-191 A7 --- SNR3 Names of associated SNR(s) (G4)
193-193 I1 --- nXray [0/4] Number of associated X-ray sources
195-195 I1 --- nHII [0/3] Number of associated H II regions
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Note (1): Axis FWHM fitted, including Gaussian beam with FWHM = 5.9 arcsec.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Name of SNR (1)
10- 11 I2 h RAh [1] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm [32/35] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
16- 20 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
22- 22 A1 --- DE- [+] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 deg DEd [30/31] Degree of Declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
29- 32 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
34- 37 F4.2 kpc Rgc [0.2/8.1] Galactocentric distance
39- 43 F5.1 pc Diam [11.9/183] SNR diameter
45- 47 A3 --- Opt yes: SNR has SII/Halpha > 0.4
49- 51 A3 --- Xray yes: SNR has XMM or Chandra X-ray
detection
53- 55 A3 --- Rad yes: radio flux is greater than
3 sigma
57- 64 E8.2 mW/m2 HaTot [6.3e-16/3.9e-13]? Integrated
H-alpha flux
66- 73 E8.2 mW/m2/arcsec2 HaAvg [2.1e-17/4.3e-15]? H-alpha surface
brightness
75- 80 F6.1 uJy F1.4GHz [-69/4920.2]? Integrated flux at
frequency 1.4GHz
82- 85 F4.1 uJy e_F1.4GHz [0.1/84.7]? Error on F1.4GHz
87- 92 F6.3 --- alpha [-3/3]? Spectral index (G1)
94- 99 F6.3 --- e_alpha [0/29.3]?=0 Error on alpha,
0 for points at alpha clip limits (G1)
101-106 F6.1 uJy Fint [-719/3983]? Flux at pivot
frequency pFreq
108-112 F5.1 uJy e_Fint [5/549]? Error on Fint
114-118 F5.3 GHz pFreq [1.3/5.6]? Pivot frequency where
signal-to-noise is maximized
120-120 I1 --- N [0/4] Number of frequency bands
with data (G2)
122-123 I2 --- Rflag [0/11] Radio detection flag (>8: most
reliable matches) (G3)
125-132 A8 --- RName1 Names of associated radio source(s) (G4)
134-141 A8 --- RName2 Names of associated radio source(s) (G4)
143-150 A8 --- RName3 Names of associated radio source(s) (G4)
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Note (1): Name of SNR from:
Long+ (2010, J/ApJS/187/495 ; <[LBW2010] NNN> in Simbad) or
Lee & Lee (2014, J/ApJ/793/134 ; <[LL2014b] NNN> in Simbad).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [T11-]
5- 7 I3 --- T11 Name of Chandra X-ray source (1)
9- 10 I2 h RAh [1] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
12- 13 I2 min RAm [32/35] Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
15- 19 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
21- 21 A1 --- DE- [+] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
22- 23 I2 deg DEd [30] Degree of Declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 arcmin DEm [20/59] Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
28- 31 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
33- 36 F4.1 pc Diam [12/49.5] X-ray diameter
38- 45 F8.1 ct/s Tcts [4.6/163149] Total Chandra count rate
47- 53 F7.1 ct/s Scts [-4.7/23332] Chandra count rate in
soft band, 0.35-1.0keV
55- 61 F7.1 ct/s Mcts [-2.7/97986] Chandra count rate in
medium band, 1.0-2.0keV
63- 69 F7.1 ct/s Hcts [-10.8/41832] Chandra count rate in
hard band, 2.0-8.0keV
71- 77 A7 --- SNR yes: source is associated with SNR
79- 81 A3 --- Rad yes: radio flux is greater than 4 sigma
83- 91 E9.2 mW/m2 HaTot [-1.6e-14/4.6e-12] Integrated H-alpha flux
93-101 E9.2 mW/m2/arcsec2 HaAvg [-2e-16/3e-14] H-alpha surface brightness
103-109 F7.1 uJy F1.4GHz [-59/17632] Integrated flux at
frequency 1.4GHz
111-114 F4.1 uJy e_F1.4GHz [0.1/53.3] Error on F1.4GHz
116-121 F6.3 --- alpha [-3/3] Spectral index (G1)
123-128 F6.3 --- e_alpha [0/41.5] Error on alpha,
0 for points at alpha clip limits (G1)
130-136 F7.1 uJy Fint [-91/14812] Flux at pivot frequency pFreq
138-141 F4.1 uJy e_Fint [4/36] Error on Fint
143-147 F5.3 GHz pFreq [1.3/5.6] Pivot frequency where
signal-to-noise is maximized
149-149 I1 --- N [3/4] Number of frequency bands with
data (G2)
151-152 I2 --- Rflag [0/11] Radio detection flag (G3)
154-161 A8 --- RName1 Names of associated radio source(s) (G4)
163-170 A8 --- RName2 Names of associated radio source(s) (G4)
172-179 A8 --- RName3 Names of associated radio source(s) (G4)
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Note (1): Name of Chandra X-ray source from ChASeM33,
Tuellmann+ (2011, J/ApJS/193/31 ; <ChASeM33 JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s> for Simbad).
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Spectral index α, Fν=Fint*(nu/pFreq)α,
clipped to range -3 to 3.
The error is set to 0.0 for null values of this column.
Note (G2): Number of frequency bands with data as follows:
1 = 1.3775GHz
2 = 1.8135GHz
3 = 4.679GHz
4 = 5.575GHz.
The value is set to 0 for object not covered by radio.
Note (G3): The detection flag (Sflg for SNR or Rflg for Radio) is a bit flag
where the bits mean:
1 = this source may have a match in the SNR or radio catalog;
2 = unambiguous match: this source matches only one object from
the SNR or radio catalog;
8 = mutually good match (this source best for the other object, the
other object is best for the source).
The most reliable matches will have flag bit 8 set. All of those will have
bit 1 set as well, and most of them will also have bit 2 set.
Here are the counts for the flags:
-------------------------------------------------------
Value Sflag Rflag Rflag
in Table 2 in Table 4 in Table 6
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0 2728 76 342
1 0 1 1
3 18 9 20
9 17 19 22
11 112 110 277
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Note (G4): Multiple SNR (Table 2) or radio (Tables 4 and 6) matches are listed
in order of decreasing island overlap.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 26-Nov-2019