J/ApJS/247/20 The CGS. IX. R-band single-Sersic fits to ellipticals (Gao+, 2020)
The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey.
IX. Classification of bulge types and statistical properties of pseudo bulges.
Gao H., Ho L.C., Barth A.J., Li Z.-Y.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 247, 20 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..247...20G 2020ApJS..247...20G
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, photometry; Morphology; Surveys
Keywords: Galaxy bulges ; Galaxy structure ; Galaxy photometry ; Disk galaxies ;
Elliptical galaxies ; Galaxy evolution
Abstract:
We study the statistical properties of 320 bulges of disk galaxies in
the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey, using robust structural parameters
of galaxies derived from image fitting. We apply the Kormendy relation
to classify classical and pseudo bulges and characterize the bulge
dichotomy with respect to the structural properties of the bulges and
the physical properties of the host galaxies. We confirm previous
findings that pseudo bulges on average have smaller Sersic indices,
lower bulge-to-total ratios, and fainter surface brightnesses than
classical bulges. Our sizable sample statistically shows that pseudo
bulges are more intrinsically flattened than classical bulges. Pseudo
bulges are most frequent (incidence ≳80%) in late-type spirals (later
than Sc). Our measurements support the picture in which pseudo bulges
arose from star formation induced by inflowing gas, while classical
bulges were born out of violent processes such as mergers and
coalescence of clumps. We reveal differences with the literature that
warrant attention: (1) the bimodal distribution of Sersic indices
presented by previous studies is not reproduced in our study; (2)
classical and pseudo bulges have similar relative bulge sizes; and (3)
the pseudo bulge fraction is considerably smaller in early-type disks
than reported in previous studies based on one-dimensional surface
brightness profile fitting. We attribute these differences to our
improved image quality, more robust bulge-to-disk decomposition
technique, and to the different classification criteria that we
applied. Moreover, we find that barred galaxies do not host more
pseudo bulges or more prominent pseudo bulges than unbarred galaxies.
Various implications of these findings are discussed.
Description:
The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS; see Paper I:
Ho+ 2011, J/ApJS/197/21) is defined by BT≤12.9mag and DEC<0°.
All the images for CGS were taken with the du Pont 2.5m telescope,
during the period 2003 February to 2006 June, spread over 69 nights
and nine observing runs.
In this study, we mainly use products from the R-band images. The
majority of the images are of high quality in terms of field of view
(8.9'x8.9'), median seeing (1.01"), and median surface brightness
depth (26.4mag/arcsec2).
We also make use of all the successfully decomposed disk galaxies
presented in Paper VIII (Gao+ 2019, J/ApJS/244/34).
In addition to the disk galaxy sample, we perform single-Sersic fits
to 83 ellipticals to measure their structural parameters in the R band
(See the Appendix). The CGS elliptical sample is drawn from
Huang+ (2013ApJ...766...47H 2013ApJ...766...47H).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 57 83 Best-fit parameters of the Carnegie-Irvine
Galaxy Survey (CGS) ellipticals
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See also:
VII/237 : HYPERLEDA. I. Catalog of galaxies (Paturel+, 2003)
J/A+AS/118/557 : Near-IR photometry of 86 galaxies. II. (De Jong, 1996)
J/A+A/415/63 : Surface brightness of 26 bright galaxies (Mollenhoff, 2004)
J/A+A/423/849 : Spiral galaxies observed in the K band (Grosbol, 2004)
J/AJ/129/2138 : Centers of early-type galaxies with HST (Lauer+, 2005)
J/ApJ/633/174 : Spheroidals and bulge dominated galaxies (Treu+, 2005)
J/A+A/445/765 : A Catalog of Edge-on Disk Galaxies (Kautsch+, 2006)
J/ApJ/664/226 : Nuker law parameters of early-type galaxies (Lauer+, 2007)
J/AJ/136/773 : Structure of classical bulges & pseudobulges (Fisher+, 2008)
J/A+A/478/353 : Structural properties of disk galaxies (Mendez-Abreu+, 2008)
J/A+A/488/1167 : Photometry of bulges at middle z (Dominguez-Palmero+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/393/1531 : BUDDA structural properties of galaxies (Gadotti+, 2009)
J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)
J/ApJ/716/942 : Bulges of nearby galaxies with Spitzer (Fisher+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/405/1089 : Photometric scaling for L/S0 galaxies (Laurikainen+ 2010)
J/MNRAS/414/888 : ATLAS3D project. III. (Emsellem+, 2011)
J/ApJS/196/11 : Bulge+disk decompositions of SDSS galaxies (Simard+, 2011)
J/ApJS/197/21 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS). I. (Ho+, 2011)
J/ApJS/197/22 : The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (GGS). II. (Li+, 2011)
J/ApJ/788/L39 : AMIGA galaxies structural param. (Fernandez Lorenzo+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/446/4039 : Stellar kinematics for NGC 2859 and NGC 4371 (Erwin+, 2015)
J/ApJ/821/114 : The CGS. IV. Elliptical galaxies colors (Huang+, 2016)
J/ApJ/845/87 : CGS. V. Statistical study of bars (Li+, 2017)
J/A+A/598/A32 : 2D decomposition of CALIFA galaxies (Mendez-Abreu+, 2017)
J/A+A/617/A113 : GalMer S0 remnants morphological data (Eliche-Moral+, 2018)
J/ApJ/862/100 : Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey VII. S0 galaxies (Gao+, 2018)
J/ApJS/244/34 : The CGS. VIII. R-band images of disk galaxies (Gao+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Galaxy Name
14- 18 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mue [18/22.6] Average effective
surface brightness in R-band (1)
20- 23 F4.2 mag/arcsec2 e_mue [0.05/0.9] Uncertainty in mue
25- 28 F4.2 --- n [2.9/8]? Sersic index (1)
30- 33 F4.2 --- e_n [0.08/0.7]? Uncertainty in n
35- 39 F5.2 kpc Reff [1.2/52.1] Effective radius (1)
41- 45 F5.2 kpc e_Reff [0.06/22] Uncertainty in Reff
47- 51 F5.3 --- Ell [0.019/0.53] Ellipticity (1)
53- 57 F5.3 --- e_Ell [0/0.002] Uncertainty in Ell
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Note (1): The parameters are measured in the R band and have been corrected
for Galactic extinction.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ho et al. Paper I. 2011ApJS..197...21H 2011ApJS..197...21H Cat. J/ApJS/197/21
Li et al. Paper II. 2011ApJS..197...22L 2011ApJS..197...22L Cat. J/ApJS/197/22
Huang et al. Paper III. 2013ApJ...766...47H 2013ApJ...766...47H
Huang et al. Paper IV. 2016ApJ...821..114H 2016ApJ...821..114H Cat. J/ApJ/821/114
Li et al. Paper V. 2017ApJ...845...87L 2017ApJ...845...87L Cat. J/ApJ/845/87
Yu et al. Paper VI. 2018ApJ...862...13Y 2018ApJ...862...13Y Cat. J/ApJ/862/13
Gao et al. Paper VII. 2018ApJ...862..100G 2018ApJ...862..100G Cat. J/ApJ/862/100
Gao et al. Paper VIII. 2019ApJS..244...34G 2019ApJS..244...34G Cat. J/ApJS/244/34
Gao et al. Paper IX. 2020ApJS..247...20G 2020ApJS..247...20G This catalog
Gao et al. Paper X. 2022ApJS..262...54G 2022ApJS..262...54G Cat. J/ApJS/262/54
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDs] 07-May-2020