J/ApJS/247/25 The SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey (Bleem+, 2020)
The SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey.
Bleem L.E., Bocquet S., Stalder B., Gladders M.D., Ade P.A.R., Allen S.W.,
Anderson A.J., Annis J., Ashby M.L.N., Austermann J.E., Avila S., Avva J.S.,
Bayliss M., Beall J.A., Bechtol K., Bender A.N., Benson B.A., Bertin E.,
Bianchini F., Blake C., Brodwin M., Brooks D., Buckley-Geer E., Burke D.L.,
Carlstrom J.E., Carnero Rosell A., Carrasco Kind M., Carretero J.,
Chang C.L., Chiang H.C., Citron R., Corbett Moran C., Costanzi M.,
Crawford T.M., Crites A.T., da Costa L.N., de Haan T., De Vicente J.,
Desai S., Diehl H.T., Dietrich J.P., Dobbs M.A., Eifler T.F.,
Everett W., Flaugher B., Floyd B., Frieman J., Gallicchio J.,
Garcia-Bellido J., George E.M., Gerdes D.W., Gilbert A., Gruen D.,
Gruendl R.A., Gschwend J., Gupta N., Gutierrez G., Halverson N.W.,
Harrington N., Henning J.W., Heymans C., Holder G.P., Hollowood D.L.,
Holzapfel W.L., Honscheid K., Hrubes J.D., Huang N., Hubmayr J.,
Irwin K.D., James D.J., Jeltema T., Joudaki S., Khullar G., Klein M.,
Knox L., Kuropatkin N., Lee A.T., Li D., Lidman C., Lowitz A.,
MacCrann N., Mahler G., Maia M.A.G., Marshall J.L., McDonald M.,
McMahon J.J., Melchior P., Menanteau F., Meyer S.S., Miquel R.,
Mocanu L.M., Mohr J.J., Montgomery J., Nadolski A., Natoli T.,
Nibarger J.P., Noble G., Novosad V., Padin S., Palmese A.,
Parkinson D., Patil S., Paz-Chinchon F., Plazas A.A., Pryke C.,
Ramachandra N.S., Reichardt C.L., Remolina Gonzalez J.D., Romer A.K.,
Roodman A., Ruhl J.E., Rykoff E.S., Saliwanchik B.R., Sanchez E.,
Saro A., Sayre J.T., Schaffer K.K., Schrabback T., Serrano S.,
Sharon K., Sievers C., Smecher G., Smith M., Soares-Santos M.,
Stark A.A., Story K.T., Suchyta E., Tarle G., Tucker C.,
Vanderlinde K., Veach T., Vieira J.D., Wang G., Weller J.,
Whitehorn N., Wu W.L.K., Yefremenko V., Zhang Y.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 247, 25 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..247...25B 2020ApJS..247...25B
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Redshifts; Radio sources
Keywords: Galaxy clusters ; Strong gravitational lensing ; Large-
scale structure of the universe
Abstract:
We describe the observations and resultant galaxy cluster catalog from
the 2770deg2 SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey (SPT-ECS). Clusters are
identified via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and confirmed with a
combination of archival and targeted follow-up data, making particular
use of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). With incomplete
follow-up we have confirmed as clusters 244 of 266 candidates at a
detection significance ξ≥5 and an additional 204 systems at
4<ξ<5. The confirmed sample has a median mass of
M500c∼4.4x1014M☉h70-1 and a median redshift of z=0.49,
and we have identified 44 strong gravitational lenses in the sample
thus far. Radio data are used to characterize contamination to the SZ
signal; the median contamination for confirmed clusters is predicted
to be ∼1% of the SZ signal at the ξ>4 threshold, and <4% of
clusters have a predicted contamination >10% of their measured SZ
flux. We associate SZ-selected clusters, from both SPT-ECS and the
SPT-SZ survey, with clusters from the DES redMaPPer sample, and we
find an offset distribution between the SZ center and central galaxy
in general agreement with previous work, though with a larger fraction
of clusters with significant offsets. Adopting a fixed Planck-like
cosmology, we measure the optical richness-SZ mass (λ-M)
relation and find it to be 28% shallower than that from a weak-lensing
analysis of the DES data-a difference significant at the 4σ
level-with the relations intersecting at λ=60. The SPT-ECS
cluster sample will be particularly useful for studying the evolution
of massive clusters and, in combination with DES lensing observations
and the SPT-SZ cluster sample, will be an important component of
future cosmological analyses.
Description:
The SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey (SPT-ECS) is a 2770deg2 survey
that covers two separate regions of sky with low dust emission that
lie north of previous areas surveyed using the South Pole Telescope
(SPT): a 2200deg2 region bounded in right ascension (RA) and
decl. (DEC) by 22h≤RA≤6h and -40°<DEC←20°, and a second
570deg2 region bounded by 10h≤RA≤14h and -30°≤DEC≤-20°.
The survey was conducted using the SPTpol receiver that was installed
on the 10m South Pole Telescope (SPT) from 2012 to 2016.
The survey is composed of 10 separate ∼250-270deg2 "fields," each
imaged to noise levels of ∼30-40µK arcmin at 150GHz.
See Section 2 for further explanations.
To confirm the SZ candidates as galaxy clusters, we make use of
targeted optical and NIR follow-up observations, data drawn from the
wide-area DES (see II/357), the Pan-STARRS1 survey (Chambers+ 2016,
II/349), the all sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data
set (see II/328), and the literature.
We use the Parallel Imager for Southern Cosmology Observations (PISCO)
--a new imager with a 9' field of view installed on the 6.5m
Magellan/Clay telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile-- to
obtain approximately uniform depth griz' imaging data for over 500
SPT-selected clusters and cluster candidates. See Section 4.1.2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 36 13 New confirmations of Planck clusters
table7.dat 62 39 Associations with 2dFLenS luminous red galaxies
(LRGs)
table8.dat 86 266 Galaxy cluster candidates above ξ=5 in
the SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey
table9.dat 86 204 Galaxy cluster candidates 4<ξ<5 in
the SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey
table10.dat 81 13 Newly confirmed galaxy clusters at ξ>4.5 in
the SPT-SZ Survey
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See also:
VII/4 : Abell and Zwicky Clusters of Galaxies (Abell+ 1974)
VII/110 : Rich Clusters of Galaxies (Abell+ 1989)
IX/15 : Einstein EMSS Survey (Gioia+ 1990, Stocke+ 1991)
VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+, 2013)
II/343 : VIKING catalogue data release 2 (Edge+, 2016)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers, 2016)
II/357 : The Dark Energy Survey (DES): Data Release 1 (Abbott+, 2018)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/289/263 : Galaxy clusters from the APM galaxy survey (Dalton+ 1997)
J/A+A/425/367 : REFLEX Galaxy Cluster Survey catalogue (Boehringer+, 2004)
J/A+A/417/827 : Relativistic corr. to Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (Itoh+, 2004)
J/ApJ/627/32 : Gravitationally lensed arcs in HST WFPC2 archive (Sand+, 2005)
J/AJ/131/114 : The Molonglo Southern 4Jy sample. II (Burgess+, 2006)
J/AJ/133/403 : Light curve of 11 type Ia supernovae (Garg+, 2007)
J/ApJ/666/674 : ESSENCE supernova survey (Miknaitis+, 2007)
J/ApJ/682/821 : Spectral fits of galaxy clusters in X-ray (Cavagnolo+, 2008)
J/ApJ/684/905 : z>1 gal. clusters from IRAC Shallow Survey (Eisenhardt+, 2008)
J/ApJ/701/428 : The Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey (SDWFS) (Ashby+, 2009)
J/ApJ/694/992 : SED of cluster radio galaxies (Lin+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/402/2403 : Australia Telescope 20GHz Survey Catalog (Murphy+, 2010)
J/ApJS/193/8 : Spectroscopy of 26 lensing cluster cores (Bayliss+, 2011)
J/A+A/534/A109 : MCXC Meta-Catalogue X-ray galaxy Clusters (Piffaretti+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/423/1024 : XCS-DR1 Cluster Catalogue (Mehrtens+, 2012)
J/ApJ/761/22 : NIR galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT survey (Song+, 2012)
J/ApJS/199/34 : Clusters of galaxies in SDSS-III (Wen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/779/61 : SPT-SZ survey point sources at 95, 150, 220GHz (Mocanu+, 2013)
J/ApJ/763/127 : Gal. clusters discovered in the SPT survey (Reichardt+, 2013)
J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/104 : redMaPPer. I. Algorithm applied to SDSS DR8 (Rykoff+, 2014)
J/ApJS/216/20 : Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS) new reduction (Bleem+, 2015)
J/ApJS/216/27 : Galaxy clusters discovered in the SPT-SZ survey (Bleem+, 2015)
J/ApJS/216/28 : SWXCS III. Cluster cat. from 2005-2012 Swift data (Liu+, 2015)
J/ApJ/825/72 : Follow-up study of AGNs in z>1 clusters (Alberts+, 2016)
J/A+A/594/A27 : Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources (PSZ2) (Planck+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/457/4515 : X-ray_peak-BCG offset for PSZ1 clusters (Rossetti+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/1 : redMaPPer cluster catalog from DES data (Rykoff+, 2016)
J/ApJS/232/15 : Candidate strong lens systems from DES obs. (Diehl+, 2017)
J/A+A/616/A42 : Clusters candidates from PSZ1 catalogue (Barrena+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A94 : Planck Multi-freq. Cat. of Non-thermal Sources (Planck+, 2018)
J/ApJS/240/33 : MaDCoWS. I. Catalog of z∼1 galaxy clusters (Gonzalez+, 2019)
J/ApJS/244/22 : SDSS redMaPPer clusters Chandra follow-up (Hollowood+, 2019)
J/ApJS/243/17 : Strong DES lens cand. from neural networks (Jacobs+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/488/739 : MARD-Y3 catalog (Klein+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- --- [PSZ2]
5- 18 A14 --- PSZ2 Planck cluster name (GLLL.ll+BB.bb)
20 A1 --- f_PSZ2 [a-d] Flag on PSZ2 (1)
22- 26 F5.3 --- z [0.2/0.8] Redshift
28- 32 F5.3 --- e_z [0.004/0.04]? z uncertainty
34- 36 F3.1 arcmin Sep [0.3/2.8] Separation (2)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = We find δz>0.2 with the redshift reported for PSZ2 G011.36-72.93 by
Maturi+ (2019MNRAS.485..498M 2019MNRAS.485..498M).
b = Associated by Planck+ (2016, J/A+A/594/A27) with ACO 3296, but no redshift
provided. We find good agreement with the redshift reported for
PSZ2 G011.92-63.53 by Maturi+ (2019MNRAS.485..498M 2019MNRAS.485..498M).
c = We associate PSZ2 G029.55-60.16 with ACO S 1048 (Abell+ 1989, VII/110).
d = Associated by Planck+ (2016, J/A+A/594/A27) with ACO S 443, but no
redshift provided.
Note (2): Angular separations from SPT cluster positions for PSZ2
Planck+ (2016, J/A+A/594/A27) candidates reported without redshifts
that are associated with SPT-ECS clusters.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- --- [SPT-CL]
8- 17 A10 --- SPT-CL SPT candidate name (JHHMM+DDMM)
19- 23 F5.3 --- z [0.1/0.8] Redshift
25- 28 F4.2 --- e_z [0.01/0.04]? Uncertainty in z
29 A1 --- f_z s: spectroscopic (uncertainty is null); or
photometric (2 digits precision)
31- 35 F5.3 --- z2dF1 [0.1/0.8] Associated 2dFLenS LRGS source
redshift, 1st (1)
37- 41 F5.3 --- z2dF2 [0.1/0.8]? Associated 2dFLenS LRGS source
redshift, 2nd (1)
43- 47 F5.3 --- z2dF3 [0.2/0.7]? Associated 2dFLenS LRGS source
redshift, 3rd (1)
49- 52 F4.2 arcmin off2dF1 [0.04/2.4] Associated 2dFLenS LRGS source
offset, 1st (1)
54- 57 F4.2 arcmin off2dF2 [0.7/2.5]? Associated 2dFLenS LRGS source
offset, 2nd (1)
59- 62 F4.2 arcmin off2dF3 [1.6/2.5]? Associated 2dFLenS LRGS source
offset, 3rd (1)
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Note (1): The spectroscopic redshifts of the 2dFLenS survey
(Blake+ 2016MNRAS.462.4240B 2016MNRAS.462.4240B) luminous red galaxies (LRGs), and the
spatial separation of these LRGs from the SPT cluster location.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[89].dat table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- --- [SPT-CL]
8- 17 A10 --- SPT-CL SPT candidate name (JHHMM+DDMM)
19- 26 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 35 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-58.8/-19.8] Declination (J2000)
37- 41 F5.2 --- Xi [4/24] SPT detection
significance, ξ (1)
43- 46 F4.2 arcmin Thetac [0.25/3] Filter scale that
maximizes detection significance
(θc)
48- 52 F5.3 --- z [0.04/1.4]? Redshift for
confirmed systems
54- 58 F5.3 --- e_z [0.004/0.2]? z uncertainty
60- 64 F5.2 --- M500c [2.8/14.5]? Mass;
in 10+14h70-1M☉ (2)
66- 69 F4.2 --- E_M500c [0.4/1.5]? Plus 1 sigma in M500c
71- 74 F4.2 --- e_M500c [0.6/1.7]? Minus 1 sigma in M500c
76- 78 I3 --- lambda [19/204]? Richness (3)
80- 81 I2 --- e_lambda [2/47]? Richness uncertainty
83- 83 I1 --- Img [1/8]? Image source (4)
85- 86 A2 --- Notes Notes (5)
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Note (1): The maximum detection-significance over the twelve filter scales.
Note (2): The mass enclosed within a radius at which the average density is
500 times the critical density at the cluster redshift. This value
evaluated for h=70.
Note (3): The sum of all the cluster member probabilities corrected for
various masking and completeness effects.
Note (4): Key for the image source as follows:
1 = Pan-STARRS;
2 = Magellan/PISCO;
3 = DES;
4 = Magellan/FourStar;
5 = Spitzer/IRAC ;
6 = WISE;
7 = Literature photometric redshift;
8 = Spectroscopic redshift.
Note (5): Flag if the system has been identified as a strong gravitational
lens (SL) or if the estimated radio contamination to the SZ signal
exceeds 10% (RC; see Section 3.5).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 07-May-2020