J/ApJS/248/21 Swift long gamma-ray bursts (Hao+, 2020)
Revisiting the relationship between the long GRB rate and cosmic star formation
history based on a large Swift sample.
Hao J.-M., Cao L., Lu Y.-J., Chu Q.-B., Fan J.-H., Yuan Y.-F., Yuan Y.-H.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 248, 21 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..248...21H 2020ApJS..248...21H
ADC_Keywords: GRB; Redshifts; References; Abundances
Keywords: Gamma-ray bursts ; Star formation ; Galaxy chemical evolution
Abstract:
The exact relationship between the long gamma-ray burst (LGRB) rate
and the cosmic star formation rate (CSFR) is essential for using LGRBs
as cosmological probes. In this work, we collect a large sample
composed of 371 Swift LGRBs with known redshifts and prompt emission
properties. We first compare the rest-frame prompt properties of these
bursts in different redshift bins, finding negligible redshift
evolution of the luminosity of LGRBs with Liso≳1051erg/s between
z∼1 and z∼4. Then, by utilizing the CSFR obtained from the large-scale
cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, the Illustris simulation, we
calculate the cumulative redshift distribution of LGRBs under
different metallicity thresholds. After comparing with our sample, we
find that the predictions with a moderate threshold between
0.3Z☉≤Zth≤1.0Z☉ are consistent with the sample between
redshift 0<z<3, while at higher redshifts, between 3<z<5, all
metallicity thresholds fit the data well. When changing to an
empirical model based on observations, the predictions show similar
results as well. After comparing with the metallicity distribution of
the observed LGRB host galaxies between 0<z<1, we confirm that the
production of LGRBs in galaxies with super-solar metallicity is
suppressed. Nevertheless, considering that a significant fraction of
stars are born in sub-solar metallicity environments at z≳3, we
suggest that, as a first approximation, LGRBs can be used as direct
tracers of the CSFR in this redshift range.
Description:
We select our sample among all the Swift long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs)
with known redshifts and prompt emission properties in the literature
before the end of 2017; see Table 1.
We also collect a sample of LGRB host galaxies with metallicities
determined by direct observations in the literature, including
Kruhler+ (2015, J/A+A/581/A125), Japelj+ (2016A&A...590A.129J 2016A&A...590A.129J), and
GRB Host Studies (GHostS, http://www.grbhosts.org/); see Table 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 54 371 The list of 371 Swift long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs)
table2.dat 31 42 Table of LGRB hosts
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See also:
B/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)
IX/51 : GRB list (1990-2014) (Ruggeri+, 2016)
J/A+A/427/87 : List of GRBs (Gorosabel+, 2004)
J/ApJ/617/240 : Oxygen abundances in the GOODS-North field (Kobulnicky+, 2004)
J/ApJ/701/824 : Afterglows of short and long-duration GRBs (Nysewander+, 2009)
J/ApJ/711/495 : Durations of Swift/BAT GRBs (Butler+, 2010)
J/ApJ/731/103 : Redshift catalog for Swift long GRBs (Xiao+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/431/3608 : BeppoSAX/GRBM and Fermi/GBM long GRBs (Dichiara+, 2013)
J/ApJ/800/16 : Swift-XRT long GRB durations (Boer+, 2015)
J/A+A/581/A125 : UV/Optical/NIR spectroscopy GRB hosts (Kruehler+, 2015)
J/ApJ/802/103 : Model predictions for GRB host galaxies (Trenti+, 2015)
J/ApJ/820/66 : Cosmic evolution of long GRB luminosity (Deng+, 2016)
J/ApJ/829/7 : 3rd Swift/BAT GRB catalog (past ∼11yrs) (BAT3) (Lien+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/118 : SFR-M* relation from ZFOURGE (Tomczak+, 2016)
J/ApJS/227/7 : Long + short GRBs with host galaxies data (Li+, 2016)
http://www.grbhosts.org/ : GRB Host Studies (GHostS) home page
http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/grbgen.html : Greiner's GRB online table
http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/grb_table.html : Swift GRBs home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [GRB]
4- 10 A7 --- GRB GRB identifier (1)
12- 18 F7.5 --- z [0.013/9.4] Redshift
20- 25 F6.2 s T90 [2.1/778.1] Duration, where 5-95% of total
γ-ray fluence is released (1)
27- 33 F7.2 10-14J/cm2 S [0.59/3730] Fluence in 15-150keV;
in 10-7erg/cm2 (1)
35- 40 F6.2 ph/s/cm2 P [0.02/358.7]? The 1 second peak flux (1)
42- 46 F5.2 [10-7J] logEiso [47.5/53.8] log of isotropic Energy;
in erg units (2)
48- 52 F5.2 [10-7W] logLiso [46.2/53.4] log of isotropic Luminosity;
in erg/s units (2)
54- 54 I1 --- r_z [1/4] Redshift references (3)
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Note (1): Values taken from the online Swift/BAT GRB catalog,
http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/results/batgrbcat/index.html
-- see Lien+ 2016, J/ApJ/829/7
Note (2): Eiso and Liso are estimated in the 45-450keV energy range.
Note (3): References for GRB redshifts as follows:
1 = Lien+ 2016, J/ApJ/829/7
2 = Perley+ 2016ApJ...817....7P 2016ApJ...817....7P
3 = Greiner's online GRB table: http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/grbgen.html
4 = Swift GRB table: http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/grb_table.html
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [GRB]
4- 10 A7 --- GRB GRB identifier
12- 17 F6.4 --- z [0.0085/1] GRB host redshift
19- 23 F5.2 [Sun] logZ [-1.1/0.51] log metallicity relative
to solar values
25- 31 A7 --- Ref Reference(s) (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Kruehler+ 2015, J/A+A/581/A125
2 = Japelj+ 2016A&A...590A.129J 2016A&A...590A.129J
3 = GRB Host Studies, http://www.grbhosts.org/
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 17-Jul-2020