J/ApJS/249/1 500um risers with HerMES & SPIRE drop-outs with S2CLS (Yan+, 2020)
A systematic search for the reddest far-infrared and submillimeter galaxies:
revealing dust-embedded starbursts at high redshifts.
Yan H., Ma Z., Huang J.-S., Fan L.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 249, 1 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..249....1Y 2020ApJS..249....1Y
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, IR; Photometry, millimetric/submm; Radio sources;
Redshifts
Keywords: Galaxy evolution ; Ultraluminous infrared galaxies ;
High-redshift galaxies ; Starburst galaxies ;
Submillimeter astronomy ; Radio sources ; Blazars
Abstract:
We present the results of our systematic search for the reddest
far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter (sub-mm) galaxies using the data
from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) and the
SCUBA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (S2CLS). The red FIR galaxies are
"500µm risers," whose spectral energy distributions increase with
wavelength across the three FIR passbands of the Spectral and
Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) of Herschel. Within 106.5deg2
of the HerMES fields, we have selected 629 500µm risers. The red
sub-mm galaxies are "SPIRE drop-outs," which are prominent detections
in the S2CLS 850µm data but are extremely weak or invisible in the
SPIRE bands. Within the 2.98deg2 common area of HerMES and S2CLS, we
have selected 95 such objects. These very red sources could be dusty
starbursts at high redshifts (z≳4-6) because the peak of their
cold-dust emission heated by star formation is shifted to the reddest
FIR/sub-mm bands. The surface density of 500µm risers is
∼8.2deg-2 at the ≥20mJy level in 500µm, while that of SPIRE
drop-outs is ∼19.3deg-2 at the ≥5mJy level in 850µm. Both types
of objects could span a wide range of redshifts, however. Using deep
radio data in these fields to further select the ones likely at the
highest redshifts, we find that the surface density of z>6 candidates
is 5.5deg-2 among 500µm risers and is 0.8-13.6deg-2 among SPIRE
drop-outs. If this is correct, the dust-embedded star formation
processes in such objects could contribute comparably as Lyman-break
galaxies to the global SFR density at z>6.
Description:
We have carried out a comprehensive search for 500um risers using the
Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES; Oliver+ 2012, VIII/95)
data in 106.5deg2 and for SPIRE drop-outs using the SCUBA2
Cosmological Legacy Survey (S2CLS; Geach+ 2017, J/MNRAS/465/1789 ;
Michalowski+ 2017, J/MNRAS/469/492) data in the 2.98deg2 that
overlap the HerMES coverage.
We focus on the "Tier 1" objects, which we believe are the least
affected by contaminations (S/N≥5) and thus are valuable targets for
future studies. For completeness, the catalogs of the less promising,
"Tier 2" objects are also included in this paper.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 78 629 Catalog of Tier-1 500um risers
table4.dat 114 95 Catalog of Tier-1 SPIRE-dropouts
table5.dat 97 11 Match of Tier-1 500um risers to FIRST
table7.dat 96 31 Match of Tier-1 500um risers to deep radio data
table8.dat 48 240 Tier-1 500um risers undetected in radio
table10.dat 96 28 Match of Tier-1 SPIRE-dropouts to radio data
table11.dat 45 71 Tier-1 SPIRE-dropouts undetected in radio
tablea1.dat 71 10 Properties of 500um risers in sub-mm/mm
tableb1.dat 75 205 Catalog of Tier-2 500um risers
tableb2.dat 107 50 Catalog of Tier-2 SPIRE-dropouts
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See also:
VII/260 : The SDSS-DR7 quasar catalog (Schneider+, 2010)
VIII/103 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)
VIII/95 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
VII/286 : SDSS quasar catalog, fourteenth data release (Paris+, 2018)
J/AJ/125/2411 : SIRTF First-Look Survey (Condon+, 2003)
J/MNRAS/372/741 : SXDF 100µJy catalogue (Simpson+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/380/199 : SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey. III (Ivison+, 2007)
J/ApJ/663/218 : Opt. Spectroscopy of WIYN Hydra FLS sources (Marleau+, 2007)
J/ApJS/172/46 : VLA-COSMOS survey. II. (Schinnerer+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/383/75 : Deep 610MHz survey of ELAIS-N1 sources (Garn+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/387/1037 : 610-MHz survey of Lockman Hole with GMRT (Garn+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/1889 : 20cm observations of deep Swire Field (Owen+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/397/281 : Radio imaging in Lockman Hole (Ibar+, 2009)
J/AJ/137/4846 : 90cm observations of the deep SWIRE field (Owen+, 2009)
J/other/BASI/38.103 : 610MHz survey of Lockman Hole with GMRT II. (Garn+, 2010)
J/ApJS/188/178 : VLA 1.4GHz obs. of GOODS-North field (Morrison+, 2010)
J/ApJS/188/384 : The VLA-COSMOS survey. IV. (Schinnerer+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/411/102 : AzTEC/ASTE 1.1mm observations in the ADF-S (Hatsukade+ 2011)
J/MNRAS/427/1830 : 20cm survey of the AKARI SEP (ATCA-ADFS) (White+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/430/2464 : The CLASS BL Lac sample (Marcha+, 2013)
J/ApJS/205/13 : VLA 1.4GHz survey of ECDF-S (DR2) (Miller+, 2013)
J/ApJS/210/22 : Herschel Stripe 82 survey (HerS) first cat. (Viero+, 2014)
J/ApJ/810/14 : Third catalog of LAT-detected AGNs (3LAC) (Ackermann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/803/34 : z∼4-10 galaxies from HST legacy fields (Bouwens+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/453/4020 : ATLAS 1.4GHz Data Release 3 (Franzen+, 2015)
J/ApJ/811/58 : FIR properties of SDSS 0.1<z<5 quasars (Ma+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/462/1989 : HerMES Large Mode Survey catalogue (Asboth+, 2016)
J/ApJ/832/78 : SCUBA-2+LABOCA obs. of HATLAS ultrared gal. (Ivison+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/462/2934 : Lockman Hole North 3GHz catalogue (Vernstrom+, 2016)
J/ApJ/837/139 : SUPER GOODS. I. Ultradeep SCUBA-2 survey (Cowie+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/465/1789 : SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (Geach+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/469/492 : JCMT/SCUBA2 objects in COSMOS & UDS (Michalowski+ 2017)
J/A+A/602/A1 : VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project (Smolcic+, 2017)
J/A+A/614/A33 : 500µm-risers sources (Donevski+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/477/1099 : SCUBA-2 850um obs. of Herschel gal. (Duivenvoorden+, 2018)
http://hedam.lam.fr/HerMES/index/dr4 : HerMES DR4 home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat tableb1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 20 A20 --- ID Object name (1)
22- 32 F11.7 deg RAdeg [6.8/261.51] Right Ascension (J2000)
34- 44 F11.7 deg DEdeg [-55.8/62.5] Declination (J2000)
46- 50 F5.1 mJy F250 [-6.7/115.1] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density (2)
52- 54 F3.1 mJy e_F250 [0/7.7] Uncertainty in F250 (2)
56- 60 F5.1 mJy F350 [2.6/165] Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux density (2)
62- 65 F4.1 mJy e_F350 [2.8/26.3] Uncertainty in F350 (2)
67- 71 F5.1 mJy F500 [18.9/170.7] Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux density (2)
73- 75 F3.1 mJy e_F500 [0/8.8] Uncertainty in F500 (2)
77- 78 I2 --- RC [0/99]? Radio Code (only for Table 3) (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Object names consist of the leading string and the sequential ID;
the leading string is composed of the field name (Table 1) and T1 stands
for Tier 1. The sequential ID is prefixed by "x" or "R", indicating the
method with which the object is selected: "x" from the HerMES xID catalog
or "R" from the residual map, respectively.
Note (2): For "x" objects, fluxes are from the HerMES xID catalog; for "R"
objects, the fluxes are based on our photometry (Section 3.2). In both
cases, the error includes the confusion noise.
Note (3): Radio code as follows:
1 = Detected in either FIRST and/or deeper radio data (see Tables 5 and 7);
0 = Covered by deeper radio data but not detected (see Table 8);
99 = Outside of the coverage of deeper radio data.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat tableb2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- ID Object name (1)
21- 31 F11.7 deg RAdeg Right Ascension, S2CLS catalog (J2000)
33- 42 F10.7 deg DEdeg Declination, S2CLS catalog (J2000)
44- 47 F4.1 --- S/N [5/12] Signal-to-Noise, 850um
49- 52 F4.1 mJy S850 [3.4/12] Deboosted S2CLS 850um flux density
54- 56 F3.1 mJy e_S850 [0.9/2.3] Uncertainty in S850
58- 68 F11.7 deg RASdeg ? Right Ascension, SPIRE positions (J2000) (2)
70- 79 F10.7 deg DESdeg ? Declination, SPIRE positions (J2000) (2)
81- 84 F4.1 mJy F250 [1.7/13.3]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density (2)
86- 88 F3.1 mJy e_F250 [2/4.6]? Uncertainty in f250 (2)
90- 93 F4.1 mJy F350 [0.4/19]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density (2)
95- 97 F3.1 mJy e_F350 [2.8/8]? Uncertainty in f350 (2)
99-102 F4.1 mJy F500 [0/20.3]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density (2)
104-107 F4.1 mJy e_F500 [3.4/13]? Uncertainty in f500 (2)
109-111 F3.1 arcsec Sep [0.4/5.2]? Seperation between S2CLS (SCUBA2) and
SPIRE position (only for Table 4)
113-114 I2 --- RC [0/99]? Radio Code (only for Table 4) (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Object names consist of the leading string and the sequential ID;
the leading string is composed of the field name (Table 1) and T1 stands
for Tier 1. The sequential ID is prefixed by "A" or "B", indicating the
method with which the SPIRE-dropout is selected as detailed in Section 4.
Note (2): "B" objects have weak SPIRE counterparts in the HerMES xID catalog,
and their SPIRE positions and flux densities are given. In both
cases, the error includes the confusion noise.
Note (3): Radio Code as follows:
1 = Detected in either FIRST and/or deeper radio data (see Table 10);
0 = Covered by deeper radio data but not detected (see Table 11);
99 = Outside of the coverage of deeper radio data.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- ID Object Name
21- 23 F3.1 arcsec ePos [1.4/5.2] Total positional uncertainty
25- 27 F3.1 arcsec Offset [0.6/9.5] Positional offset
29- 31 F3.1 --- Ratio [0.3/3.1] Offset to total uncertainty ratio
33- 34 I2 h RAh [2/17] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
36- 37 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
39- 44 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
46- 46 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)(1)
47- 48 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)
50- 51 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (1)
53- 57 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (1)
59- 64 F6.2 mJy S1.4 [1.1/130.1] FIRST Integrated
1.4GHz flux density
66- 70 F5.3 mJy/beam sigma1.4 [0.13/0.34] RMS sensitivity, FIRST catalog
72- 84 A13 --- blazar Blazar identification
86- 88 A3 --- r_blazar Reference(s) for blazar (2)
90- 95 F6.4 --- z [0.28/0.7]? Literature redshift
97 A1 --- r_z Reference for z (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): FIRST catalog position
Note (2): References as follows:
a = Ackermann et al. (2015, J/ApJ/810/14);
b = Schneider et al. (2010AJ....139.2360S 2010AJ....139.2360S -- VII/260);
c = Marcha & Caccianiga (2013, J/MNRAS/430/2464);
d = Mingaliev et al. (2014A&A...572A..59M 2014A&A...572A..59M);
e = Marleau et al. (2007ApJ...663..218M 2007ApJ...663..218M);
f = SDSS DR13.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- ID Object name
21- 23 F3.1 arcsec ePos [1.1/5] Total positional uncertainty
25- 27 F3.1 arcsec Offset [0.3/6.1] Positional offsets
29- 31 F3.1 --- Ratio [0.1/3.5] Offset to total uncertainty ratio
33- 36 F4.1 mJy F500 [18.9/60] Flux density at 500um
38- 40 F3.1 mJy e_F500 [3.4/7] Uncertainty in F500,
confusion noise included
42- 43 I2 h RAh [3/17] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
45- 46 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
48- 52 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
54- 54 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)(1)
55- 56 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)
58- 59 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (1)
61- 65 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (1)
67- 73 F7.1 uJy Sradio [11.6/10863] Radio flux density
75- 79 F5.1 uJy e_Sradio [2.3/558] Uncertainty in Sradio
81- 84 F4.2 --- HizIdx [0.01/1.4]? High-z index,
Equation 3 at 500um (G2)
86- 86 A1 --- f_HizIdx Flag on HizIdx (3)
88- 94 A7 --- Band Radio band
96 A1 --- Ref Radio reference (G1)
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Note (1): Radio counterpart position.
Note (3): Flag as follows:
* = objects with HizIdx(500) ≥0.7 and potentially at z>6;
See Section 6.4.1
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 20 A20 --- ID Object name
22- 26 F5.1 mJy F500 [20.9/170.7] Flux density at 500um
28- 30 F3.1 mJy e_F500 [0/7.1] Uncertainty in F500,
confusion noise included
32- 32 A1 --- l_Sradio Limit flag on Sradio
34- 39 F6.1 uJy Sradio [11.5/1000] Radio flux density
41- 41 A1 --- l_HizIdx Limit flag on HizIdx
43- 46 F4.2 --- HizIdx [0.03/2.18]? high-z index, Equation 3
(HizIdx=F500x10-3/S1.4) at 500um
48- 48 A1 --- f_HizIdx Flag on HizIdx (1)
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Note (1): *: HizIdx(500) ≥0.5 and potentially at z>6. See Section 7.4
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- ID Object name
21- 23 F3.1 arcsec ePos [0.4/9.6]? Total positional uncertainty
25- 27 F3.1 arcsec Offset [1.3/2.8]? Positional offset
29- 31 F3.1 --- Ratio [0.2/4.6]? Ratio, offset to total uncertainty
33- 36 F4.1 mJy S850 [4.0/11.8] Flux density at 850um
38- 40 F3.1 mJy e_S850 [0.9/2.1] Uncertainty in S850
42- 43 I2 h RAh [2/12]? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
45- 46 I2 min RAm ? Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
48- 52 F5.2 s RAs ? Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
54- 54 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)(1)
55- 56 I2 deg DEd ? Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)
58- 59 I2 arcmin DEm ? Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (1)
61- 65 F5.2 arcsec DEs ? Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (1)
69- 73 F5.1 uJy Sradio [4.6/639.2] Radio flux density
76- 79 F4.1 uJy e_Sradio [1.1/36.4] Uncertainty in Sradio
81- 84 F4.2 --- HizIdx [0.01/0.4]? high-z index,
Equation 3 at 850um (G2)
88- 94 A7 --- Band Radio band
96 A1 --- Ref Radio reference (G1)
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Note (1): Radio counterpart position.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- ID Object name
21- 24 F4.1 mJy S850 [3.4/11.8] Flux density, 850um
26- 28 F3.1 mJy e_S850 [0.9/2.0] Uncertainty in S850
30- 30 A1 --- l_Sradio limit flag on Sradio
32- 36 F5.1 uJy Sradio [11.5/130.0] Radio flux density
38- 38 A1 --- l_HizIdx Limit flag on HizIdx
40- 43 F4.2 --- HizIdx [0.04/0.56]? high-z index, Equation 3
(HizIdx=S850x10-3/S1.4) at 850um
45- 45 A1 --- f_HizIdx Flag on HizIdx (1)
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Note (1): *: HizIdx(850) ≥0.5 and potentially at z>6. See Section 7.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- ID Object name
20- 23 F4.1 mJy F250 [13.8/31.4] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density
25- 27 F3.1 mJy e_F250 [3.4/5] Uncertainty in F250,
confusion noise included
29- 32 F4.1 mJy F350 [21.8/35.5] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density
34- 36 F3.1 mJy e_F350 [4/7.7] Uncertainty in F350,
confusion noise included
38- 41 F4.1 mJy F500 [26.2/39.8] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density
43- 45 F3.1 mJy e_F500 [4.5/6.5] Uncertainty in F500,
confusion noise included
47- 47 A1 --- l_S850 Limit flag on S850
49- 52 F4.1 mJy S850 [3.2/11.5]? S2CLS 850um flux density
54- 56 F3.1 mJy e_S850 [0.9/2]? Uncertainty in S850
58- 60 F3.1 mJy S1.1 [3.4/6.2]? AzTEC 1.1mm flux density
62- 64 F3.1 mJy e_S1.1 [0.4/0.8]? Uncertainty in S1.1
66- 66 A1 --- l_HizIdx Limit flag on HizIdx
68- 71 F4.2 --- HizIdx [0.03/1.9] High-z index, Equation 3
(HizIdx=F500x10-3/S1.4) at 500um
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Radio references as follows:
a = Franzen et al. (2015, J/MNRAS/453/4020), 1.4GHz;
b = Smolcic et al. (2017, J/A+A/602/A1), 3GHz;
c = Ivison et al. (2007ApJ...660L..77I 2007ApJ...660L..77I), 1.4GHz;
d = Condon et al. (2003, J/AJ/125/2411), 1.4GHz;
e = Morrison et al. (2010, J/ApJS/188/178), 1.4GHz;
f = Garn et al. (2008, J/MNRAS/387/1037 and 2010, J/other/BASI/38.103),
610MHz;
g = White et al. (2012, J/MNRAS/427/1830), 1.4GHz.
3 = Owen & Morrison (2009, J/AJ/137/4846), 1.4GHz;
4 = Michalowski et al. (2017, J/MNRAS/469/492), 1.4GHz;
5 = Ikarashi et al. (2017ApJ...835..286I 2017ApJ...835..286I), 6GHz.
Note (G2): When HizIdx is null (blank) they are treated as with no radio
counterparts and thus only have upper limits of their radio flux densities.
Equation (3): HizIdx=F500x10-3/S1.4 (500um risers) or
HizIdx=S850x10-3/S1.4 (SPIRE drop-outs)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Sep-2020