J/ApJS/253/44 Survey of SiO maser emission in oxygen-rich stars (Rizzo+, 2021)
SiO, 29SiO, and 30SiO emission from 67 oxygen-rich stars: a survey of
61 maser lines from 7 to 1 mm.
Rizzo J.R., Cernicharo J., Garcia-Miro C.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 253, 44-44 (2021)>
=2021ApJS..253...44R 2021ApJS..253...44R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, giant; Masers; Interstellar medium;
Photometry, millimetric/submm; Radio sources
Keywords: Silicon monoxide masers; Asymptotic giant branch; Interstellar medium
Interstellar molecules; Circumstellar envelopes; Stellar evolution
Surveys; Radio astronomy
Abstract:
Circumstellar environments of oxygen-rich stars are among the
strongest SiO maser emitters. Physical processes such as collisions,
infrared pumping, and overlaps favor the inversion of level population
and produce maser emission at different vibrational states. Despite
numerous observational and theoretical efforts, we still do not have a
unified picture including all of the physical processes involved in
SiO maser emission. The aim of this work is to provide homogeneous
data in a large sample of oxygen-rich stars. We present a survey of
67 oxygen-rich stars from 7 to 1mm, in their rotational transitions
from J=1-0 to J=5-4, for vibrational numbers v from 0 to 6 in the
three main SiO isotopologs. We have used one of the 34 m NASA antennas
at Robledo and the IRAM 30m radio telescope. The first tentative
detection of a v=6 line is reported, as well as the detection of new
maser lines. The highest vibrational levels seem confined to small
volumes, presumably close to the stars. The J=1-0, v=2 line flux is
greater than the corresponding v=1 in almost half of the sample, which
may confirm a predicted dependence on the pulsation cycle. This
database is potentially useful in models which should consider most of
the physical agents, time dependency, and mass-loss rates. As a
by-product, we report detections of 27 thermal rotational lines from
other molecules, including isotopologs of SiS, H2S, SO, SO2, and
NaCl.
Description:
We have done a survey of 67 oxygen-rich evolved stars in their SiO,
29SiO, and 30SiO maser line emission. The DSS-54 antenna of the
Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex (MDSCC) was used in the first
part of the survey to observe the J=1->0 lines, at a wavelength of 7mm
(∼43GHz). Based on these initial results, we observed the most
relevant sources in the J=2->1 to 5->4, at wavelengths of 3, 2, and
1mm, using the 30m IRAM radio telescope at Pico Veleta (Spain). The
MDSCC observations were done between 2012 March and July, and the IRAM
observations in 2012 August.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
stars.dat 35 67 List of observed stars; table added by CDS
table2.dat 79 458 Sources observed
table4.dat 109 1419 Detections
table5.dat 104 52 Detections after averages
fig1.dat 39 2690165 Full range spectra (data behind Figure 1)
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See also:
J/A+A/285/247 : Molecules in O- and C-rich envelopes (Bujarrabal+ 1994)
J/A+A/329/219 : 28SiO in O-rich evolved stars (Pardo+ 1998)
J/A+A/470/191 : Mid-IR and radio interferometry of S Ori (Wittkowski+, 2007)
J/ApJS/190/348 : 1mm spectral survey of IRC+10216 & VY CMa (Tenenbaum+, 2010)
J/ApJ/728/149 : Polarized SiO masers of VX Sgr (Vlemmings+, 2011)
J/ApJ/794/81 : Maser and IR studies of oxygen-rich AGB stars (Yung+, 2014)
J/A+A/592/A76 : VY CMa ALMA NaCl images (Decin+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/466/1963 : Silicate in O-rich evolved stars (Liu+, 2017)
J/A+A/597/A25 : IK Tau millimeter IRAM-30m line survey (Velilla Prieto+, 2017)
J/A+A/615/A8 : APEX spectrum of R Dor (159.0-368.5GHz) (De Beck+, 2018)
J/A+A/641/A57 : Oxygen-rich AGB IRAM spectra (Massalkhi+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A213 : SiO maser emission in evolved stars (Gomez-Garrido+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: stars.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Source Source identifier
13- 14 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
16- 17 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
19- 23 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
25 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
29- 30 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
32- 35 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/458] Internal index identifier
5- 15 A11 --- Source Source identifier
17- 18 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 27 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
29 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
30- 31 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
33- 34 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
36- 39 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
41- 45 F5.1 km/s VLSR [-70/58] Local Standard of Rest velocity
47- 51 A5 --- Date Observation date in 2012; mm-dd
53- 56 A4 --- Trans The J->J-1 transition
58 A1 --- f_Trans [ef] Flag on Trans (1)
60- 62 A3 --- Mode Observation mode (2)
64- 67 F4.2 km/s VSpace [0.2/1.3] Velocity spacing
69- 70 I2 min tInt [1/76] Total integration time
72- 75 F4.2 Jy rms [0.04/7.4] The 1σ rms value
77- 79 A3 --- Pol Polarization (3)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
e = 1-0* includes only the v=1 and 2 lines of 28SiO, and the
v=0 line of 29SiO.
f = 4-3* includes the v=4 to 6 lines of 28SiO, the
v=2 to 5 lines of 29SiO, and the v=0 to 3 lines of 30SiO.
Note (2): Observation mode as follows:
PSw = position switching.
FSw = frequency switching.
WSw = Wobbler switching.
Note (3): Polarization code as follows:
LCP = Left circular;
RCP = Right circular;
HLP = Horizontal linear;
VLP = Vertical linear.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/458] Internal index identifier
5- 14 A10 --- Source Source identifier
16- 29 A14 --- Trans Transition (G1)
31- 38 F8.2 Jy.km/s Flux [0.38/10236] Flux density
40- 43 F4.2 Jy.km/s e_Flux [0.01/5.6] Uncertainty in Flux
45- 50 F6.2 km/s VLSR [-55.4/53.5] Local Standard of Rest velocity
52- 56 F5.2 km/s e_VLSR [0.02/20.5] Uncertainty in VLSR
58- 62 F5.1 km/s Vmin [-78.2/52.8] Minimum velocity
64- 68 F5.1 km/s Vmax [-52.8/66.6] Maximum velocity
70-109 A40 --- Comm Individual comment(s)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- IDs Averaged internal index identifier
9- 17 A9 --- Source Source identifier
19- 32 A14 --- Trans Transition (G1)
34- 38 F5.2 Jy.km/s Flux [0.35/38.2] Flux density
40- 43 F4.2 Jy.km/s e_Flux [0.01/2.7] Uncertainty in Flux
45- 50 F6.2 km/s VLSR [-52.1/52] Local Standard of Rest velocity
52- 55 F4.2 km/s e_VLSR [0.03/4.2] Uncertainty in VLSR
57- 61 F5.1 km/s Vmin [-54/47] Minimum velocity
63- 67 F5.1 km/s Vmax [-50/64.3] Maximum velocity
69-104 A36 --- Comm Individual comment(s)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/458] Internal index identifier
5- 15 A11 --- Source Source identifier
17- 29 F13.6 MHz Freq [0/217600.08] Rest frequency
31- 39 F9.3 Jy Flux [-18.3/673]?=-1000 Flux density
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Acknowledgements:
Ricardo Rizzo <ricardo.rizzo at cab.inta-csic.es>
The CDS also acknowledges Ka Tat Wong (IRAM) for spotting the error on
the sequence number in Table 4.
Global notes:
Note (G1): Transition name includes the isotopomer, the rotational transition
and the vibrational state. As an example, the transition
28SiO(4-3)v2 should be interpreted as the J=4->3 line of
the 28SiO species, at the vibrational state v=2.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
17-Jan-2022:Insert into VizieR
01-Mar-2022:Seq number 220 corrected in Table 4 for SiO (5-4) of R Leo.
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-Jun-2021