J/ApJS/253/7 A full-sky census of brown dwarfs within 20pc (Kirkpatrick+, 2021)
The field substellar mass function based on the full-sky 20pc census of 525 L,
T, and Y dwarfs.
Kirkpatrick J.D., Gelino C.R., Faherty J.K., Meisner A.M., Caselden D.,
Schneider A.C., Marocco F., Cayago A.J., Smart R.L., Eisenhardt P.R.,
Kuchner M.J., Wright E.L., Cushing M.C., Allers K.N., Bardalez
Gagliuffi D.C., Burgasser A.J., Gagne J., Logsdon S.E., Martin E.C.,
Ingalls J.G., Lowrance P.J., Abrahams E.S., Aganze C., Gerasimov R.,
Gonzales E.C., Hsu C.-C., Kamraj N., Kiman R., Rees J., Theissen C.,
Ammar K., Andersen N.S., Beaulieu P., Colin G., Elachi C.A., Goodman S.J.,
Gramaize L., Hamlet L.K., Hong J., Jonkeren A., Khalil M., Martin D.W.,
Pendrill W., Pumphrey B., Rothermich A., Sainio A., Stenner A., Tanner C.,
Thevenot M., Voloshin N.V., Walla J., Wedracki Z.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 253, 7 (2021)>
=2021ApJS..253....7K 2021ApJS..253....7K
ADC_Keywords: Parallaxes, trigonometric; Stars, brown dwarf; Spectral types;
Stars, L-type; Stars, T-type; Stars, Y-type; Stars, masses;
Stars, distances; Photometry, infrared; Spectra, infrared
Keywords: Stellar mass functions ; Trigonometric parallax ; Brown dwarfs ;
Solar neighborhood ; Absolute magnitude ;
Stellar effective temperatures ; L dwarfs ; T dwarfs ; Y dwarfs ;
Stellar classification ; Binary stars ; Two-color diagrams
Abstract:
We present final Spitzer trigonometric parallaxes for 361 L, T, and Y
dwarfs. We combine these with prior studies to build a list of 525
known L, T, and Y dwarfs within 20pc of the Sun, 38 of which are
presented here for the first time. Using published photometry and
spectroscopy as well as our own follow-up, we present an array of
color-magnitude and color-color diagrams to further characterize
census members, and we provide polynomial fits to the bulk trends.
Using these characterizations, we assign each object a Teff value and
judge sample completeness over bins of Teff and spectral type. Except
for types ≥T8 and Teff<600K, our census is statistically complete to
the 20pc limit. We compare our measured space densities to simulated
density distributions and find that the best fit is a power law
(dN/dM∝M-α) with α=0.6±0.1. We find that the
evolutionary models of Saumon & Marley correctly predict the observed
magnitude of the space density spike seen at 1200K<Teff<1350K,
believed to be caused by an increase in the cooling timescale across
the L/T transition. Defining the low-mass terminus using this sample
requires a more statistically robust and complete sample of dwarfs
≥Y0.5 and with Teff<400K. We conclude that such frigid objects must
exist in substantial numbers, despite the fact that few have so far
been identified, and we discuss possible reasons why they have largely
eluded detection.
Description:
In Kirkpatrick+ (2019, J/ApJS/240/19), we used the Infrared Array
Camera (IRAC) to measure preliminary trigonometric parallaxes a
selection of objects having spectral types of T6 and later. These
results were based on data from Spitzer programs 70062, 80109, 90007,
11059, and the first year's data from 13012 (all with Kirkpatrick as
PI). This left a gap in the L and T dwarf sequence between T6 and the
latest type for which Gaia has complete coverage (∼L5). The aim of
Spitzer program 14000 (Kirkpatrick, PI) was to astrometrically monitor
those objects in the gap that lacked published parallaxes of high
quality but were believed to fall within 23pc. An extension to provide
additional data points for these objects at the end of the Spitzer
mission was further approved as program 14326 (Kirkpatrick, PI). See
Section 3 and Table 2 for the full list of Spitzer program IDs
(spanning 2004 Nov 01 to 2019 May 30).
For sources not covered or detected by large-area photometric surveys,
we obtained follow-up photometry using the 2MASS camera on the 1.5m
Kuiper Telescope on Mount Bigelow, Arizona; the NOAO Extremely Wide
Field Infrared Imager (NEWFIRM) at the 4m Victor M. Blanco Telescope
on Cerro Tololo, Chile; FLAMINGOS-2 on the 8.1m Gemini-South Telescope
on Cerro Pachon, Chile; the Persson's Auxiliary Nasmyth Infrared
Camera (PANIC) at the 6.5m Magellan Baade Telescope at Las Campanas
Observatory, Chile; the 1.3m Peters Automated Infrared Imaging
Telescope (PAIRITEL) on Mount Hopkins, Arizona; the Wide-field
Infrared Camera (WIRC) at the 5m Hale Telescope at Palomar Mountain,
California; and the Ohio State Infrared Imager/Spectrometer (OSIRIS)
at the 4.1m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) located
at Cerro Pachon, Chile. Data acquisition and reduction from these
instruments are described in Kirkpatrick+ (2011, J/ApJS/197/19),
except those for FLAMINGOS-2, which are described in
Meisner+ (2020, J/ApJ/889/74).
See Section 5.1.1 and Table A1.
We have obtained near-infrared spectra of some of the objects believed
to lie within the 20pc volume that lacked spectral types in the
literature. These are listed in Table 9.
A single object, WISEJ2126+2530, was observed on 2019 July 22 (UT)
using the Double Spectrograph (DBSP) at the Hale 5m telescope on
Palomar Mountain, California. Two objects were observed on 2019
November 13 (UT) using the Near-Infrared High Throughput Spectrograph
(NIHTS) at the 4.3m Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT) at Happy Jack,
Arizona. Four objects were observed over the nights of 2018 September
1, October 27, and November 17, and 2019 October 28 and December 19
(UT) using the Near-Infrared Echellette Spectrometer (NIRES) at the W.
M. Keck II telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii. Eight objects were observed
over the nights of 2018 April 1-3 and 2019 June 19 (UT) using the
Astronomy Research with the Cornell Infra Red Imaging Spectrograph
(ARCoIRIS) at the Victor Blanco 4m telescope at the Cerro Tololo
Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), Chile. Ten objects were observed
over the nights of 2018 June 16, November 25, and 2019 January 22/23
and March 16 (UT) using SpeX at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility
(IRTF) on Maunakea, Hawaii. Twenty-five objects were observed over the
nights of 2016 August 9; 2017 December 3 and 6; 2018 January 2,
February 2, September 23, and December 1; 2019 December 11/12; and
2020 February 13/14 (UT) using the Folded-port Infrared Echellette
(FIRE) at the 6.5m Walter Baade (Magellan I) telescope at Las Campanas
Observatory, Chile. See Section 5.2.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 73 85 New L, T, and Y dwarf candidates
table2.dat 107 361 Objects on the IRAC ch2 Spitzer Parallax Programs
table4.dat 97 9425 Astrometry on the Gaia DR2 Reference Frame
table5.dat 147 296 Parallax and motion fits for objects with
high-quality parallaxes
table6.dat 147 18 Parallax and motion fits for objects with
low-quality parallaxes
table7.dat 147 47 Astrometry for objects with poor-quality (or
unmeasurable) parallaxes that need improvement
table8.dat 55 96 Ancillary Spitzer photometry
table9.dat 66 51 Spectroscopic follow-up
table10.dat 104 153 Other objects considered for the 20-pc census
table11.dat 173 526 The full-sky 20-pc census of L, T, and Y dwarfs
(known as of 2020 Oct)
table12.dat 173 70 Potentially young L, T, and Y dwarfs within 20pc
of the Sun
table14.dat 88 170 Late-M, L, T, and Y dwarfs with Teff measurements
table16.dat 84 32 Masses for L, T, and Y members of the 20-pc census
tablea1.dat 456 682 Amassed spectroscopic, astrometric, and photometric
data for objects listed in Tables 5-11
refs.dat 132 320 References
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/ApJ/476/311 : 2MASS M-dwarf discoveries (Kirkpatrick+ 1997)
J/ApJ/564/421 : Spectra of T dwarfs. I. (Burgasser+, 2002)
J/AJ/123/3409 : SDSS M, L, and T dwarfs (Hawley+, 2002)
J/AJ/126/1526 : IR photometry of ultracool dwarfs (Bouy+, 2003)
J/AJ/126/2487 : T dwarfs in the southern hemisphere (Burgasser+, 2003)
J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)
J/AJ/125/3302 : HST binary very low mass stars & brown dwarfs (Gizis+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/2856 : Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey (Burgasser+, 2004)
J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK phot. & spectroscopy for L and T dwarfs (Knapp+, 2004)
J/A+A/435/363 : Southern Infrared Proper Motion Survey (Deacon+, 2005)
J/other/ARA+A/43.195 : L and T dwarf stars (Kirkpatrick, 2005)
J/A+A/440/1061 : Southern red high proper motion objects (Lodieu+, 2005)
J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)
J/ApJ/637/1067 : NIR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/2722 : New L and T dwarfs from the SDSS (Chiu+, 2006)
J/PASP/118/659 : RI photometry of 2MASS late M and L dwarfs (Liebert+, 2006)
J/ApJ/651/502 : Spitzer IRAC phot. of M, L, and T dwarfs (Patten+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/891 : Binaries among nearby L dwarfs (Reid+, 2006)
J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)
J/AJ/134/1162 : 11 new T dwarfs in 2MASS (Looper+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2258 : Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/390/1517 : Proper motions of field L and T dwarfs (Casewell+, 2008)
J/ApJ/689/1295 : Lithium test implications for BDs (Kirkpatrick+, 2008)
J/ApJ/676/1281 : L and T dwarfs in 2MASS/SDSS (Metchev+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/383/831 : New DENIS nearby L and late-M dwarfs (Phan-Bao+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/1290 : Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS (Reid+, 2008)
J/AJ/135/785 : SDSS-DR5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample (West+, 2008)
J/AJ/137/1 : PMs and astrometry of late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)
J/ApJ/710/1142 : SpeX spectroscopy of low mass bin. I. (Burgasser+, 2010)
J/A+A/510/A99 : Epsilon Indi Ba and Bb IR spectra (King+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/1808 : Colors and kinematics of SDSS L dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/77 : New T dwarfs identified in Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2011)
J/ApJS/197/19 : First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE (Kirkpatrick+, 2011)
J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/752/56 : BDKP. III. Plx for 70 ultracool dwarfs (Faherty+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/427/3280 : Ultra-cool dwarfs at low Galactic latitudes (Folkes+, 2012)
J/ApJ/753/156 : T/Y brown dwarfs with WISE photometry (Kirkpatrick+, 2012)
J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/433/457 : 76 T dwarfs from the UKIDSS LAS (Burningham+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/430/1171 : Sub-stellar birth rate from UKIDSS (Day-Jones+, 2013)
J/ApJS/205/6 : T dwarf population revealed by WISE (Mace+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/PASP/125/809 : New nearby M, L, and T dwarfs (Thompson+, 2013)
J/ApJ/794/143 : New SpeX Observations of M7-L6 Dwarfs (Bardalez+, 2014)
J/ApJ/792/119 : Companions to nearby stars from Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/94 : Solar neighborhood. XXXII. L and M dwarfs (Dieterich+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/121 : BANYAN II. Nearby young assoc. cand. members (Gagne+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/122 : AllWISE motion survey (Kirkpatrick+, 2014)
J/ApJ/781/4 : Photometry of high PM objects from WISE (Luhman, 2014)
J/ApJ/787/126 : WISE reduced proper motions & spectral types (Luhman+, 2014)
J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/34 : SpeX library of L-type dwarfs (Schneider+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/443/2327 : New proper motion objects from UKIDSS GPS (Smith+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/ApJ/814/118 : L/T transition dwarfs with PS1 & WISE. II. (Best+, 2015)
J/ApJ/810/158 : M,L,T dwarfs fundamental param. and SEDs (Filippazzo+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/449/3651 : L and T dwarfs from UKIDSS LAS (Marocco+, 2015)
J/AJ/149/5 : Solar neighborhood. XXXV. M dwarfs (Winters+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/36 : The AllWISE motion survey (AllWISE2) (Kirkpatrick+, 2016)
J/ApJ/833/96 : Hawaii infrared plx prog. II. Ultracool dwarfs (Liu+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/112 : NEOWISE/AllWISE high PM objects (Schneider+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/24 : Trigonometric plx of 134 low-mass stars (Weinberger+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/151 : Solar neighborhood .XXXX. New young stars (Bartlett+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/147 : Astrometry & phot. for late-type subdwarfs (Dahn+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/468/3499 : Partially resolved binaries in PS1 data (Deacon+, 2017)
J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring of ultracool binaries (Dupuy+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/465/4723 : Log of SALT-RSS observations (Koen+, 2017)
J/ApJ/842/118 : BDs with spectral type later than T6 (Leggett+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/95 : Catalog of Suspected Nearby Young Stars (Riedel+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/69 : ACRONYM II. β Pictoris Moving Group (Shkolnik+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/469/401 : Known LT dwarfs in the Gaia DR1 (Smart+, 2017)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/ApJ/854/145 : Opt. phot. & NIR spectroscopy of Wolf 1130 (Mace+, 2018)
J/ApJ/867/109 : Spitzer observations of Y and T dwarfs (Martin+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/L8 : Ultra-cool dwarfs candidates in Gaia DR2 (Reyle, 2018)
J/AJ/158/182 : Discoveries from NEOWISE proper motion survey (Greco+, 2019)
J/ApJS/240/19 : Parallaxes of late-T and Y dwarfs (Kirkpatrick+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/101 : HST/WFC3 NIR spectral library (Manjavacas+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A139 : Closest stars to the Sun within 50pc catalog (Torres+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/257 : Hawaii IR plx program. IV. L0-T8 with UKIRT (Best+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A179 : beta Pictoris moving group RVs (Miret-Roig+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- --- [CWISE]
7- 25 A19 --- CWISE CWISE position-based identifier
(JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
27- 27 A1 --- f_CWISE b: background (1)
29- 34 A6 --- Note Note (2)
36- 63 A28 --- Disc Discoverer code (3)
65- 73 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000) as in other tables;
column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
b = Astrometric follow-up of this object by Spitzer shows it to be a
background source. See section 6.
Note (2): Codes for Note as follows:
astrom = Object was observed as part of our Spitzer astrometric
monitoring program;
color = Object was observed as part of Spitzer photometry
program 14329 (Marocco, PI);
? = Object was ultimately dropped from Spitzer follow-up after
the time awarded for program 14224 was cut in half;
new = Object was discovered after final Spitzer target lists
were selected.
Note (3): Reference code for discoverer as follows:
A = Andersen;
B = Beaulieu;
C = Colin;
D = Caselden;
E = Stenner;
F = Marocco;
G = Goodman;
H = Hamlet;
I = Voloshin;
J = Kirkpatrick;
K = Khalil;
L = Gramaize;
M = D. Martin;
N = Ammar;
P = Pendrill;
Q = Hong;
R = Rothermich;
S = Sainio;
T = Tanner;
U = Hinckley;
V = Thevenot;
W = Walla;
X = Jonkeren;
Y = Pumphrey;
Z = Wedracki.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Cat Catalog used for PName (WISE, CWISE, 2MASS,
SDSS, PSO, ULAS, CFBDS, SIMP, VHS, UGPS
or PM)
7- 15 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000)
16- 17 A2 --- m_PName Component for object
19- 22 I4 yr FirstObs.Y [2004/2019] First observation date, year
24- 26 A3 "month" FirstObs.M First observation date, month
28- 29 I2 d FirstObs.D First observation date, day in month
31- 34 I4 yr LastObs.Y [2018/2020] Last observation date, year
36- 38 A3 "month" LastObs.M Last observation date, month
40- 41 I2 d LastObs.D Last observation date, day in month
43- 46 F4.1 yr Base [0.5/15] Baseline in years (1)
48-107 A60 --- Epochs Spitzer IRAC program # (# epochs in program)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The units are Earth-based years. To translate into the number of
Spitzer orbits of the Sun, multiply these values by ∼0.98.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000)
11- 20 F10.6 deg RAdeg [1.3/359.4] Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=MJD
22- 31 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-82.2/84.8] Declination (ICRS) at Ep=MJD
33- 37 F5.3 arcsec e_RAdeg [0.01/2.5] Positional uncertainty in RA
39- 43 F5.3 arcsec e_DEdeg [0.01/2.5] Positional uncertainty in DE
45- 47 A3 --- Src Source (1)
49- 56 F8.2 d MJD [53310.5/58874.8] Epoch, Modified Julian Date
(JD-2400000.5)
58- 70 F13.2 km X [-150232823/153255842] Solar System position, X,
of observation in km (2)
72- 84 F13.2 km Y [-152281985/148013402] Solar System position, Y,
of observation in km (2)
86- 97 F12.2 km Z [-62689519/62070770] Solar System position, Z,
of observation in km (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Position source as follows:
ch2 = Spitzer ch2 astrometry;
W1 = WISE astrometry from the Gaia-registered unWISE time-resolved
coadds in W1;
W2 = WISE astrometry from the Gaia-registered unWISE time-resolved
coadds in W2.
Note (2): Because the two sets of astrometry are taken from different
positions within our Solar System --one from the Earth-orbiting WISE
spacecraft and the other from the Sun-orbiting Spitzer spacecraft--
all observations were tagged with the XYZ positions within the Solar
System corresponding to the Modified Julian Date (MJD) of the data.
For Spitzer observations, these XYZ positions are tabulated by the
Spitzer Science Center in the FITS image headers; for the unWISE
epochs, we used the mean MJD of each epochal coadd and assigned to
them the XYZ of the Earth at that time, using data available through
the JPL Horizons website (http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[567].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 26 A26 --- FName Full name, position-based identifier
28- 37 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=MJD
39- 43 F5.1 mas e_RAdeg [1.6/175] Positional uncertainty in RA
45- 54 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-82.2/84.8] Declination (ICRS) at Ep=MJD
56- 60 F5.1 mas e_DEdeg [1.6/141] Positional uncertainty in DE
62- 69 F8.2 d MJD [57064.5/58254.2] Mean Epoch, t0,
Modified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5)
71- 75 F5.1 mas plx [-12.4/439]? Absolute parallax
77- 80 F4.1 mas e_plx [1.7/73]? Uncertainty in plx
82- 88 F7.1 mas/yr pmRA [-8123.7/1289.1] Absolute proper motion in RA
90- 93 F4.1 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.4/59] Uncertainty in pmRA
95-101 F7.1 mas/yr pmDE [-3107.5/1311.5] Absolute proper motion in DE
103-106 F4.1 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.6/45] Uncertainty in pmDE
108-114 F7.2 --- chisq [9.9/4401] χ2 of fit
116-118 I3 --- dof [17/133] Degrees of freedom
120-124 F5.2 --- chisq/dof [0.2/77.2] Reduced χ2 of fit
126-127 I2 --- NSp [2/39] Number of Spitzer astrometric epochs
129-130 I2 --- NW1 [0/29] Number of unWISE W1 astrometric epochs
132-133 I2 --- NW2 [0/29] Number of unWISE W2 astrometric epochs
135-137 I3 --- NGDR2 [3/344] Number of Gaia DR2 five-parameter
re-registration stars
139-147 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000) as in other tables;
column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Cat Catalog used for PName
7- 15 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000)
17- 23 A7 --- OName Other name
25- 32 I8 --- AOR [10374912/67453440]? Spitzer Astronomical
Observation Request
34- 36 A3 --- Bands List of Spitzer/IRAC bands used ("1"=3.6um or
"2"=4.5um)
38- 42 I5 --- Prog [35/90152] Spitzer program
44 A1 --- IRAC IRAC state (1)
46- 55 A10 --- PI Spitzer program PI
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): IRAC observing state as follows:
* = Spitzer cryogenic mission (43 occurrences)
s = used IRAC sweet spot (37 occurrences for 22 sources)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Cat Catalog used for PName
7- 15 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000)
17- 29 A13 --- Instr Instrument used
31- 34 I4 yr Obs.Y [2016/2020] Observation date, UT, year
36- 38 A3 "month" Obs.M Observation date, UT, month
40- 41 I2 d Obs.D Observation date, UT, day in month
43- 61 A19 --- SpT Spectral type(s)
63- 66 A4 --- f_SpT Spectral type wavelength regime (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): All are near-infrared spectral types (SpIR) except for that of
WISE 2126+2530, which is an optical type.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Cat Catalog used for PName
7- 15 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000)
18- 25 A8 --- SpTIR Spectral type, bkg=background (1)
27 A1 --- n_SpTIR Reference for SpT (2)
29- 33 F5.1 mas plx [-12.4/116.4]? Absolute parallax, this work
35- 38 F4.1 mas e_plx [3.4/72.3]? Uncertainty in plx
40- 43 F4.1 mas plx-lit [9.9/62.4]? Published parallax
45- 48 F4.1 mas e_plx-lit [0.2/19]? Uncertainty in plx-lit
50 A1 --- n_plx-lit Reference(s) for plx-lit (3)
52- 56 F5.2 pc Dist-JW2 [12.4/42.3]? Distance estimate based on J+W2
magnitudes
58- 62 F5.2 pc Dist-HSpT [6.6/40.7]? Distance estimate based on H and
Spectral type
64- 68 F5.2 pc Dist-IRAC [8.2/41.3]? Distance estimate based on IRAC
ch1+ch2 magnitudes
70- 74 F5.2 pc Dist-WISE [10.3/26.5]? Distance estimate based on
WISE W1+W2 magnitudes
76 A1 --- l_Dist Limit flag on Dist
78- 84 F7.2 pc Dist [7.5/108]? Final distance estimate
86- 88 A3 --- f_Dist Flag on Dest, bkg=background, ?=uncertain
90- 92 A3 --- 20pc Included in 20pc census?
94- 104 A11 --- Remarks Remarks (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Values in brackets are estimates, and the types for 2MASS 0103+1935
and 2MASS 0639-7418 are based on optical spectra.
Note (2): Reference code for infrared spectral type as follows:
B = Burgasser et al. (2010, J/ApJ/710/1142);
b = Burgasser et al. (2010AJ....139.2448B 2010AJ....139.2448B);
C = Cruz et al. (2007, J/AJ/133/439);
D = Bardalez Gagliuffi et al. (2014, J/ApJ/794/143);
F = Faherty et al. (2016, J/ApJS/225/10);
G = Mace et al. (2013, J/ApJS/205/6);
g = Greco et al. (2019, J/AJ/158/182);
i = Kirkpatrick et al. (2016, J/ApJS/224/36);
J = Kirkpatrick et al. (2011, J/ApJS/197/19);
j = Kirkpatrick et al. (2010, J/ApJS/190/100);
K = Kirkpatrick et al. (2000AJ....120..447K 2000AJ....120..447K);
k = Kirkpatrick et al. (2012, J/ApJ/753/156);
M = Meisner et al. (2020, J/ApJ/889/74);
m = Meisner et al. (2020, J/ApJ/899/123);
R = Reyle et al. (2014A&A...561A..66R 2014A&A...561A..66R);
S = Schneider et al. (2017AJ....153..196S 2017AJ....153..196S);
T = this paper;
U = Burningham et al. (2013, J/MNRAS/433/457);
u = Burningham et al. (2010MNRAS.406.1885B 2010MNRAS.406.1885B);
W = Best et al. (2015, J/ApJ/814/118).
Note (3): Reference code for published parallax as follows:
c = Theissen et al. (2020RNAAS...4...67T 2020RNAAS...4...67T);
F = Faherty et al. (2012, J/ApJ/752/56);
G = Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018, I/345);
g = Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018, I/345) parallax for the primary
is cited;
r = Smart et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3548S 2018MNRAS.481.3548S);
W = Best et al. (2020, J/AJ/159/257).
Note (4): Remarks are given in the text where indicated. An object noted with
an "a" is excluded from the 20-pc L, T, and Y dwarf census because its
type is earlier than L0.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- Cat Catalog used for FName if any
9- 27 A19 --- FName Full name, position-based identifier
29- 30 A2 --- m_PName Component ID on object
32- 52 A21 --- OName Other name
54 A1 --- f_FName Cross identification flags for Table A1 (1)
56- 62 A7 --- r_FName Discovery Reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
64- 75 A12 --- SpTO Optical spectral type
77 A1 --- f_SpTO Flag on SpTO (2)
79- 81 A3 --- r_SpTO Reference(s) for SpTO (see refs.dat file)
83- 96 A14 --- SpTIR Near-IR spectral type
98-104 A7 --- r_SpTIR Reference(s) for SpTIR (see refs.dat file)
106 A1 --- u_plx [:u ] Uncertainty flag (3)
108-115 F8.4 mas plx [37.1/501.6]? Absolute parallax
117-123 F7.4 mas e_plx [0.019/21.4]? Uncertainty in plx
125-131 F7.2 mas/yr pmtot [11.7/8151.6]? Total proper motion
133-137 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmtot [0.1/99.7]? Uncertainty in pmtot
139-144 A6 --- AS Source of the astrometry
(see refs.dat file)
146 A1 --- AS-flags Flags on astrometry (4)
148-151 I4 K Teff [250/2338]? Effective surface temperature
153-155 I3 K e_Teff [10/198]? Uncertainty in Teff
157-163 A7 --- Note Special note(s) (5)
165-173 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000) as in other tables;
column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The Gaia DR2 identifications for these sources are given in Table
A1 and are --
Gaia J041246.85-073416.8 = Gaia DR2 3195979005694112768;
Gaia J171340.47-395211.8 = Gaia DR2 5972124644679705728;
Gaia J183118.29-073227.6 = Gaia DR2 4159791176135290752;
Gaia J183610.72+031524.6 = Gaia DR2 4283084190940885888;
Gaia J195557.27+321518.2 = Gaia DR2 2034222547248988032.
Note (2): Flag as follows:
e = Analysis in section 7.7 shows that this object is probably a
late-M dwarf. It has been dropped from subsequent analysis and not
considered a member of the L, T, and Y dwarf census.
Note (3): Code as follows:
: = uncertainty flag on plx: values are estimates only
u = uncertain value; see Col. Note.
Note (4): Flags on astrometry as follows:
a = The astrometry listed is for the primary star in the system.
c = These objects' parallaxes have been converted from relative to
absolute by adding 0.9±0.3mas, per the discussion in section 8
of Kirkpatrick et al. (2019).
g = The absolute parallax of ULAS J074502.79+233240.3 is uncertain and is
≥ to the value given.
Note (5): Special notes --
yng = spectrum of this object suggests low gravity and youth;
sd = spectrum of this object suggests low metallicity and hence, old age;
[] = A value in brackets indicates that the value of the parallax in the
plx column is uncertain and that our distance estimate from Table 10
suggests the bracketed value be considered as the parallax instead.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Cat Catalog used for PName
7- 15 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000)
16- 18 A3 --- m_PName Component of PName
20- 30 A11 --- OName Other name
32- 45 A14 --- SpTO Optical spectral type
47- 60 A14 --- SpTIR Near-IR spectral type
62- 66 F5.2 % PBan [0/99.8]? Banyan Σ probability
68- 97 A30 --- ABanyan Banyan Σ association (1)
99-100 I2 % Plac [0/56]? LACEwING probability
102-138 A37 --- ALaceWing LACEwING association (1)
140-145 A6 --- lowg Low gravity object?
147-152 A6 --- Assoc Association member?
154-154 A1 --- f_Assoc Flag on Association (2)
156-156 A1 --- Youth Youth Reference (3)
158-162 F5.2 MJup Mass [10/25]? Mass in Jupiter mass units (4)
164-167 F4.2 MJup e_Mass [1/6.2]? Uncertainty in Mass (4)
169-171 F3.0 MJup B_Mass [12/12]? Upper mass bound (4)
173-173 A1 --- n_Mass Reference for Mass (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Code for moving groups and young associations:
ABD = AB Doradus Moving Group (age 120±10Myr, Barenfeld+ 2013);
Arg = Argus Association (age 45±5Myr, Zuckerman 2019);
βPic = β Pictoris Moving Group (age 26±3Myr, Malo+ 2014;
24±3Myr, Bell+ 2015; 22±6Myr, Shkolnik+ 2017;
18.5+2.0-2.4Myr, Miret-Roig+ 2020;
17.8±1.2Myr, Crundall+ 2019);
CarN = Carina-Near Moving Group (age 200±50Myr, Zuckerman+ 2006);
Col = Columba Association (age 42±6Myr, Bell+ 2015);
Hyad = Hyades (age 625±50Myr, Lodieu 2020 and references therein).
Note (2): Flag as follows:
b = By definition, this member of the AB Doradus multiple star
system is a member of the AB Doradus Moving Group. Because this
companion to the C component of the system has not been independently
confirmed, it is not included in subsequent analysis.
Note (3): Youth and Mass references as follows:
B = Gagne et al. (2017ApJ...841L...1G 2017ApJ...841L...1G);
C = Cruz et al. (2009AJ....137.3345C 2009AJ....137.3345C);
D = Gagne et al. (2018ApJ...854L..27G 2018ApJ...854L..27G);
E = Gagne et al. (2015, J/ApJS/219/33);
F = Faherty et al. (2012, J/ApJ/752/56);
G = Gagne et al. (2014, J/ApJ/783/121);
J = Gagne et al. (2015ApJ...808L..20G 2015ApJ...808L..20G);
L = Looper et al. (2008ApJ...686..528L 2008ApJ...686..528L);
P = Knapp et al. (2004, J/AJ/127/3553);
Q = Faherty et al. (2016, J/ApJS/225/10);
R = Reid et al. (2008, J/AJ/136/1290);
S = Schneider et al. (2014, J/AJ/147/34);
T = Thompson et al. (2013, J/PASP/125/809);
U = Climent et al. (2019ApJ...886L...9C 2019ApJ...886L...9C).
Note (4): When a value for Mass is given without an error bar, the Mass
and B_Mass form a range of possible values.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table14.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 27 A27 --- Name Object name, either short name or full name (1)
29- 32 F4.1 --- SpTIR [-4/24] Numeric near-IR based spectral type (2)
34- 40 F7.3 mas plx [21.9/439] Absolute parallax
42- 46 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.02/6.5] Uncertainty in plx
48- 51 I4 K Teff [250/2871] Effective surface temperature
53- 55 I3 K e_Teff [23/320] Uncertainty in Teff
57- 62 F6.3 mag Hmag [6.4/25.3]? H band magnitude
64- 68 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in Hmag
70 A1 --- n_SpTIR Reference for SpT (3)
72 A1 --- n_plx Reference for plx (3)
74 A1 --- n_Teff Reference Teff (3)
76 A1 --- n_Hmag Reference Hmag (3)
78- 86 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000) as in other tables;
column added by CDS
88 A1 --- m_PName Component for object
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): For objects also listed in Table A1, the abbreviated name is
given; full designations can be found in Table A1 itself. For all other
objects, the full name is presented.
Note (2): This is the (near-infrared) spectral type encoded as:
M5=-5.0, L0=0.0, L5=5.0, T0=10.0, T5=15.0, Y0=20.0, etc.
Note (3): References as follows:
C = Gelino et al. (2011AJ....142...57G 2011AJ....142...57G)
D = Dupuy et al. (2015ApJ...803..102D 2015ApJ...803..102D);
F = Filippazzo et al. (2015, J/ApJ/810/158);
G = Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018, I/345);
J = Faherty et al. (2012, J/ApJ/752/56);
K = Kirkpatrick et al. (2019, J/ApJS/240/19);
L = Liu et al. (2012ApJ...758...57L 2012ApJ...758...57L);
T = Table A1 in this paper;
W = Weinberger et al. (2016, J/AJ/152/24);
X = Faherty et al. (2009, J/AJ/137/1).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table16.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- Name Short name used (1)
23- 33 A11 --- SpTIR Spectral type
35- 38 I4 K Teff [581/2274]? Effective surface temperature
40- 42 I3 K e_Teff [10/198]? Uncertainty in Teff
44- 48 F5.2 Mjup Mass [10.0/87.0] Mass, Jupiter units (2)
50- 53 F4.2 Mjup e_Mass [0.7/6.14]? Lower or symmetric error on Mass (2)
55- 57 F3.1 Mjup E_Mass [1.1/2.9]? Upper uncertainty on Mass (2)
59- 61 F3.0 Mjup B_Mass [12.0/12.0]? Upper bound on Mass (2)
63- 67 A5 --- Meth Method (3)
69 A1 --- n_Mass Mass references (4)
71- 79 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000) as in other tables;
column added by CDS
81- 84 A4 --- m_PName Component ID on PName
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Full object designations can be found in Table A1
Note (2): When a value for Mass is given without an error bar, the Mass
and B_Mass form a range of possible values.
Note (3): Legend for method:
MovGp = mass comes from evolutionary models combined with the known age
of the moving group or young association with which this object is a
member;
dynam = mass is measured dynamically.
Note (4): Reference code for mass determination as follows:
A = Brandt et al. (2020AJ....160..196B 2020AJ....160..196B);
B = Brandt et al. (2019AJ....158..140B 2019AJ....158..140B);
C = Climent et al. (2019ApJ...886L...9C 2019ApJ...886L...9C);
D = Dupuy & Liu (2017, J/ApJS/231/15);
F = Faherty et al. (2016, J/ApJS/225/10);
G = Gagne et al. (2017ApJ...841L...1G 2017ApJ...841L...1G);
H = Gagne et al. (2018ApJ...854L..27G 2018ApJ...854L..27G);
I = Gagne et al. (2015ApJ...808L..20G 2015ApJ...808L..20G);
M = Ireland et al. (2008ApJ...678..463I 2008ApJ...678..463I);
S = Dieterich et al. (2018ApJ...865...28D 2018ApJ...865...28D);
T = Dupuy et al. (2019AJ....158..174D 2019AJ....158..174D);
V = Garcia et al. (2017ApJ...846...97G 2017ApJ...846...97G).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- T Table listing (1)
4- 19 A16 --- Name Short name used in other tables (2)
21- 24 F4.1 --- SpTO [-2/19]?=-9 Optical spectral type (3)
26- 29 F4.1 --- SpTIR [-1/22]?=-9 Near-IR spectral type (3)
31- 34 F4.1 --- SpAd [-9/24] Adopted spectral type (3)
36 A1 --- r_SpTO Source of the optical spectral type
(see refs.dat file)
37 A1 --- r_SpTIR Source of the NIR spectral type
(see refs.dat file)
39- 49 F11.4 mas plx [-12.4/502]?=-33333 Best measured
trigonometric parallax (4)
51- 59 F9.4 mas e_plx [0.019/73]?=3333 Uncertainty in plx (4)
61- 69 F9.2 mas/yr pmRA [-8124/3968]?=-22222 Best measured proper
motion, in RA (4)
71- 76 F6.2 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.03/101]?=222 Uncertainty in pmRA (4)
78- 86 F9.2 mas/yr pmDE [-3108/1685]?=-11111 Best measured proper
motion, in DE (4)
88- 93 F6.2 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.03/101]?=111 Uncertainty in pmDE (4)
95- 96 A2 --- AS Source of the astrometry (see refs.dat file)
98-105 F8.2 mag JMKO [11.4/27]?=98888 J-band photometry on the MKO
system
107-112 F6.2 mag e_JMKO [0.01/0.8]?=988 Uncertainty in JMKO
114-121 F8.2 mag Jmag [10.7/21]?=97777 J-band photometry one the
2MASS system
123-128 F6.2 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.6]?=977 Uncertainty in Jmag
130-137 F8.2 mag Hmag [9.5/25.3]?=96666 H-band photometry on either
the MKO or 2MASS system
139-144 F6.2 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.5]?=966 Uncertainty in Hmag
146-153 F8.2 mag KMKO [10/23.5]?=95555 K-band photometry on the MKO
system
155-160 F6.2 mag e_KMKO [0.01/0.5]?=955 Uncertainty in KMKO
162-169 F8.2 mag Ksmag [8.8/19.2]?=94444 Ks-band photometry on the
2MASS system
171-176 F6.2 mag e_Ksmag [0.01/0.6]?=944 Uncertainty in Ksmag
178-182 A5 --- PhotS Source of the near-IR photometry (5)
184-194 F11.7 deg RACdeg CatWISE2020 Right Ascension (J2000)
at Ep=57170 (6)
196-206 F11.7 deg DECdeg CatWISE2020 Declination (J2000)
at Ep=57170 (6)
208-219 F12.5 mas/yr pmRAC2 [-8/2.7]?=844444 CatWISE2020 measured proper
motion in RA
221-230 F10.4 mas/yr e_pmRAC2 [0.002/0.3]?=84444 Uncertainty in pmRAC2
232-243 F12.5 mas/yr pmDEC2 [-3.5/1.7]?=855555 CatWISE2020 measured
proper motion in DE
245-254 F10.4 mas/yr e_pmDEC2 [0.002/0.3]?=85555 Uncertainty in pmDEC2
256-264 F9.3 mag W1magC2 [7.9/20]?=86666 CatWISE2020 moving-object
PSF-fit W1 band photometry
266-273 F8.3 mag e_W1magC2 [0.004/0.6]?=8666 Uncertainty in W1magC2
275-283 F9.3 mag W2magC2 [7.3/16.7]?=87777 CatWISE2020 moving-object
PSF-fit W2 band photometry
285-292 F8.3 mag e_W2magC2 [0.004/0.2]?=8777 Uncertainty in W2magC2
294-301 F8.3 mas plxC2 [-1/0.6]?=8999 CatWISE2020 par_pm parallax
estimate (7)
303-309 F7.3 mas e_plxC2 [0.01/0.4]?=899 Uncertainty in plxC2 (7)
311-312 A2 --- C2S Source of the CatWISE2020 data (8)
314-322 F9.3 mag W1mag [7.8/20.1]?=88888 cISE stationary-object
PSF-fit W1 band photometry
324-331 F8.3 mag e_W1mag [0.01/0.6]?=8888 Uncertainty in W1mag
333-341 F9.3 mag W2mag [7.2/17]?=77777 WISE stationary-object
PSF-fit W2 band photometry
343-350 F8.3 mag e_W2mag [0.008/0.3]?=7777 Uncertainty in W2mag
352-360 F9.3 mag W3mag [6.2/13.5]?=66666 WISE stationary-object
PSF-fit W3 band photometry
362-369 F8.3 mag e_W3mag [0.01/0.6]?=6666 Uncertainty in W3mag
371-372 A2 --- WS Source of the stationary-object photometry (9)
374-382 F9.3 mag ch1mag [7.5/19.7]?=55555 Spitzer channel 1 (3.6um)
photometry
384-391 F8.3 mag e_ch1mag [0.01/0.3]?=5555 Uncertainty in ch1mag
393-401 F9.3 mag ch2mag [7.4/17]?=44444 Spitzer channel 2 (4.5um)
photometry
403-410 F8.3 mag e_ch2mag [0.01/0.06]?=4444 Uncertainty in ch2mag
412 A1 --- S Source of Spitzer photometry (10)
414 A1 --- N [MSY] Note (11)
416-443 A28 --- FName Full discovery designation of the system (2)
445-453 A9 --- PName Short name position code for object
(HHMM+DDMM; J2000) as in other tables;
column added by CDS
455-456 A2 --- m_PName Component for object
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Column T indicates the table(s) from which the source originates;
code as follows:
T = 20-pc census in Table 11;
P = Objects not in Table 11 but in Tables 5-7;
F = Objects not in Tables 5-7 nor 11 but are in Tables 8 and 9;
C = Objects considered for 20-pc census but not included -- Table 10.
Note (2): The short names correspond to the abbreviated prefix and suffix of
the full source name, dropping the equinox prefix and reducing the
position based identifier to hhmm±ddmm. For objects with common names
like Gl 570D and LHS 2397aB, the short and full names are the same.
Note (3): Spectral types are given on a numeric scale with qualifying
criteria removed. The convention for the decimal scale is L0=0.0,
T0=10.0, and Y0=20.0. Column SpAd is the adopted spectral type, which
is the same as SpIR if that value is not null; otherwise, it is the
same as SpO. If both of those quantities are null, a spectral type
estimate is given.
Note (4): The "best" astrometry is simply that data set with the smallest
quoted uncertainty in the parallax or, for objects lacking a parallax
measurement, the data set with the smallest quoted uncertainty in the
total proper motion. All parallaxes are given on the absolute reference
grid. Values listed for proper motion are a mixture of relative and
absolute measurements.
Note (5): The PhotS column provides the references for the near-IR photometry
as a five-character code where the order corresponds to the source for
the JMKO/e_JMKO, 2MASS Jmag/e_Jmag, Hmag/e_Hmag, KMKO/e_KMKO,
2MASS Ksmag/e_Ksmag columns and the character codes are as follows:
2 = 2MASS (II/246);
a = Meisner et al. (2020, J/ApJ/889/74);
A = Meisner et al. (2020, J/ApJ/899/123);
b = Bardalez Gagliuffi et al. (2020ApJ...895..145B 2020ApJ...895..145B): Note that the
HST F125W magnitude limit for WISE 0830+2837 is used as its value
for JMKO;
B = Bigelow/2MASS (see the "Description" Section above)
c = Boccaletti et al. (2003A&A...410..283B 2003A&A...410..283B);
C = CTIO-4m/NEWFIRM (see the "Description" Section above)
d = Kirkpatrick et al. (2012, J/ApJ/753/156);
D = Database of Ultracool Parallaxes as of 2020 April:
Dupuy & Liu (2012, J/ApJS/201/19), Dupuy & Kraus (2013Sci...341.1492D 2013Sci...341.1492D),
and Liu et al. (2016, J/ApJ/833/96);
e = Martin et al. (2018, J/ApJ/867/109);
E = McElwain & Burgasser (2006AJ....132.2074M 2006AJ....132.2074M);
f = Faherty et al. (2012, J/ApJ/752/56);
F = Freed et al. (2003ApJ...584..453F 2003ApJ...584..453F);
g = Mamajek et al. (2018RNAAS...2..205M 2018RNAAS...2..205M);
G = Gemini-South/FLAMINGOS2 (see the "Description" Section above)
h = Pinfield et al. (2014MNRAS.444.1931P 2014MNRAS.444.1931P);
H = Pinfield et al. (2014MNRAS.437.1009P 2014MNRAS.437.1009P);
i = Ireland et al. (2008ApJ...678..463I 2008ApJ...678..463I);
I = Dupuy et al. (2019AJ....158..174D 2019AJ....158..174D);
j = Janson et al. (2011ApJ...728...85J 2011ApJ...728...85J);
J = Faherty et al. (2014ApJ...793L..16F 2014ApJ...793L..16F);
k = Kirkpatrick et al. (2019, J/ApJS/240/19);
K = Kirkpatrick et al. (2011, J/ApJS/197/19);
m = Mace et al. (2013, J/ApJS/205/6);
M = Magellan/PANIC (see the "Description" Section above)
p = PAIRITEL (see the "Description" Section above)
P = Palomar/WIRC (see the "Description" Section above)
q = Dhital et al. (2011AJ....141....7D 2011AJ....141....7D);
Q = Deacon et al. (2017, J/MNRAS/468/3499);
r = Deacon et al. (2012ApJ...755...94D 2012ApJ...755...94D);
s = Schneider et al. (2015ApJ...804...92S 2015ApJ...804...92S);
S = SOAR/OSIRIS (see the "Description" Section above)
t = Tinney et al. (2014ApJ...796...39T 2014ApJ...796...39T);
T = Thompson et al. (2013, J/PASP/125/809);
u = the UKIDSS Large Area Survey (ULAS; see II/319), the UKIDSS Galactic
Plane Survey (UGPS; Lucas+ 2008, II/316), or the UKIDSS Galactic
Clusters Survey (UGCS; see II/319);
U = the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS; Dye et al. 2018MNRAS.473.5113D 2018MNRAS.473.5113D)
v = the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV;
Minniti+ 2010NewA...15..433M 2010NewA...15..433M, see II/348)
V = the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS, see II/367);
w = Wright et al. (2013AJ....145...84W 2013AJ....145...84W);
W = Best et al. (2020, J/AJ/159/257).
Note (6): CatWISE2020 celestial positions are given in equinox J2000 from
the moving-object solution at epoch MJD 57170.0.
Note (7): The columns plxC2/e_plxC2 provide a crude estimate of the WISE
based parallax.
Note (8): The source of the CatWISE2020 data is given in the C2S
column as follows:
C2 = CatWISE2020 Catalog (II/365);
c2 = CatWISE2020 Reject Table.
Note (9): The source of the stationary-object PSF-fit WISE photometry is
provided in the WS column with the following character code as follows:
AW = AllWISE Source Catalog (II/328);
aw = AllWISE Reject Table;
C2 = CatWISE2020 Catalog (II/365);
c2 = CatWISE2020 Reject Table.
Note (10): The source of the Spitzer photometry is provided in the SS column
with the single-character code as follows:
0 = This paper;
f = Marocco et al. (2020ApJ...888L..19M 2020ApJ...888L..19M);
F = Filippazzo et al. (2015, J/ApJ/810/158);
K = Kirkpatrick et al. (2019, J/ApJS/240/19);
L = Leggett et al. (2007ApJ...667..537L 2007ApJ...667..537L);
M = Meisner et al. (2020, J/ApJ/889/74);
m = Meisner et al. (2020, J/ApJ/899/123);
P = Patten et al. (2006, J/ApJ/651/502);
S = Metchev et al. (2015ApJ...799..154M 2015ApJ...799..154M).
Note (11): Code indicating whether the object is as follows:
M = unresolved multiple (24 occurrences)
Y = young, low-gravity object (17 occurrences)
S = old, subdwarf (15 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 29 A25 --- Auth First autor's name(s)
31- 49 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
51-132 A82 --- Comm Comment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-Apr-2021