J/ApJS/255/8 The California Legacy Survey. I. Planet catalog (Rosenthal+, 2021)
The California Legacy Survey.
I. A catalog of 178 planets from precision radial velocity monitoring of
719 nearby stars over three decades.
Rosenthal L.J., Fulton B.J., Hirsch L.A., Isaacson H.T., Howard A.W.,
Dedrick C.M., Sherstyuk I.A., Blunt S.C., Petigura E.A., Knutson H.A.,
Behmard A., Chontos A., Crepp J.R., Crossfield I.J.M., Dalba P.A.,
Fischer D.A., Henry G.W., Kane S.R., Kosiarek M., Marcy G.W.,
Rubenzahl R.A., Weiss L.M., Wright J.T.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 255, 8 (2021)>
=2021ApJS..255....8R 2021ApJS..255....8R
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Spectroscopy; Photometry; Optical; Infrared;
Radial velocities; Stars, double and multiple; Stars, masses;
Stars, diameters
Keywords: Exoplanet catalogs ; Exoplanet astronomy ; Radial velocity
Abstract:
We present a high-precision radial velocity (RV) survey of 719 FGKM
stars, which host 164 known exoplanets and 14 newly discovered or
revised exoplanets and substellar companions. This catalog updated the
orbital parameters of known exoplanets and long-period candidates,
some of which have decades-longer observational baselines than they
did upon initial detection. The newly discovered exoplanets range from
warm sub-Neptunes and super-Earths to cold gas giants. We present the
catalog sample selection criteria, as well as over 100,000 RV
measurements, which come from the Keck-HIRES, APF-Levy, and Lick-
Hamilton spectrographs. We introduce the new RV search pipeline
RVSearch (http://california-planet-search.github.io/rvsearch/) that
we used to generate our planet catalog, and we make it available to
the public as an open-source Python package. This paper is the first
study in a planned series that will measure exoplanet occurrence rates
and compare exoplanet populations, including studies of giant planet
occurrence beyond the water ice line, and eccentricity distributions
to explore giant planet formation pathways. We have made public all
radial velocities and associated data that we use in this catalog.
Description:
The high-resolution echelle spectrometer (HIRES) has R=67,000 with a
wavelength range spanning λ=0.31-1.10um located at Keck
Observatory on the 10m Keck I telescope in Hawaii, USA. We distinguish
between "pre-upgrade" RVs (1996-2004; ∼3m/s uncertainties) and
"post-upgrade" RVs (2004-present; ∼1m/s uncertainties). We account
in the time series modeling for different RVs zero points for data
from the two different eras.
The RVs from 1996 to 2004 are based on HIRES spectra acquired by the
California & Carnegie Planet Search (CCPS) collaboration and were
reported in Cumming+2008 (2008PASP..120..531C 2008PASP..120..531C). This paper principally
reports results from 41,804 CPS (California Planet Search) and CCPS
HIRES spectra that were obtained and analyzed by our team during
1996-2020. In addition, we have included RVs computed by our pipeline
for 7530 spectra of CLS (California Legacy Survey) stars taken by LCES
(Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey) during 2008-2014.
APF-Levy (Automated Planet Finder and Levy Spectrometer) is an optical
spectrograph with a wavelength range of λ=0.37-0.97um configured
with the 2.4m telescope on Mount Hamilton at Lick Observatory in
California, USA, that can achieve a resolution up to R=150,000. Most
of the APF data in the California Legacy Survey was collected as part
of the APF-50 Survey (Fulton+2017, 2017PhDT.......136F 2017PhDT.......136F).
The Hamilton spectrograph installed at the Lick Observatory's Shane 3m
telescope in California, USA, is capable of making broadband
(λ=0.34-1.10um) spectroscopic measurements up to a resolution
of R=60,000. Beginning in 1987 and ending in 2011, the Lick Planet
Search program (Fischer+2014, J/ApJS/210/5) monitored 387 bright FGKM
dwarfs to search for and characterize giant exoplanets.
We collected long-term photometric observations of the subset of our
sample that were included in the APF-50 survey, in order to search for
evidence of rotation-induced stellar activity. We collected these
measurements with Tennessee State University's Automated Photometric
Telescopes (APTs) at Fairborn Observatory in Arizona, USA. Most stars
have photometric data sets spanning 15-23yr. The APTs measure the flux
in the Stromgren b and y bands. We combined the differential b and y
measurements into a single (b+y)/2 "passband" then converted the
differential magnitudes into a relative flux normalized to 1.0.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 108 719 Stellar catalog
table3.dat 149 178 Planet catalog
table4.dat 95 48 Binary and substellar catalog
table5.dat 117 89 Long term trends
table6.dat 86 104720 Radial velocity data
table7.dat 87 102 False positives
apf50.dat 36 64847 APF-50 survey photometric data
planets.dat 403 330 Full data for planet catalog production & analysis
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See also:
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+A/356/590 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets II (Udry+, 2000)
J/A+A/375/205 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets V (Naef+ 2001)
J/A+A/410/1051 : ELODIE surv. for north. extra-solar planets. II. (Naef+, 2003)
J/A+A/410/1039 : Northern extra-solar planets ELODIE survey I (Perrier+, 2003)
J/A+A/415/391 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets. XII (Mayor+, 2004)
J/ApJ/634/625 : Radial velocities and photometry of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2005)
J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)
J/ApJ/654/625 : Radial velocities of 9 long-period objects (Wittenmyer+, 2007)
J/A+A/493/645 : Gl 176 radial velocities (Forveille+, 2009)
J/A+A/507/487 : GJ 581 radial velocity curve (Mayor+, 2009)
J/ApJ/693/1084 : Ten new and updated multiplanet systems (Wright+, 2009)
J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/719/890 : Keck radial velocities of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2010)
J/ApJ/708/1366 : Radial velocities for 61 Vir (Vogt+, 2010)
J/ApJ/727/117 : RVs of four exoplanet candidates (Meschiari+, 2011)
J/A+A/526/A111 : RVs of HD 85390, 90156 and 103197 (Mordasini+, 2011)
J/A+A/545/A55 : Extrasolar planets. RVs of 5 stars (Boisse+, 2012)
J/A+A/538/A113 : Extrasolar planets. RVs of eight stars (Diaz+ 2012)
J/ApJ/768/155 : RVs & photometry of HD 38529 system (Henry+, 2013)
J/ApJS/210/5 : The twenty-five year Lick planet search (Fischer+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/126 : HIRES radial velocity measurements (Knutson+, 2014)
J/ApJ/800/22 : Radial velocities of long-period planets (Feng+, 2015)
J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)
J/ApJ/821/89 : 12yrs of RV obs. of exoplanet systems (Bryan+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/46 : RVs of 3 Neptune-mass planet hosts (Fulton+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/104 : Keck/HIRES radial velocity obs. of HD32963 (Rowan+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck RV Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Surv. (CKS). II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/181 : Radial velocities for the star HD 34445 (Vogt+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/184 : Multiplicity of RV exoplanet host stars (Wittrock+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/A+A/609/L5 : HD147379 b velocity curve (Reiners+, 2018)
J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/181 : Radial velocities & S-index values for HR 5183 (Blunt+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/52 : Radial velocity obs. in super-Earth systems (Bryan+, 2019)
J/A+A/625/A17 : SOPHIE data of Gliese 411 (Diaz+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/13 : The first 300 stars observed by the GPIES (Nielsen+, 2019)
J/A+A/625/A71 : Radial velocity measurements for 7 stars (Rickman+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/484/L8 : Correcting HIRES/Keck RVs for systematic err. (Tal-Or+, 2019)
J/A+A/639/A50 : HD 164922 d HARPS-N time series (Benatti+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/63 : New AO obs. of exoplanets & brown dwarf comp. (Bowler+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/134 : Survey of stellar & planetary comp. within 25pc (Hirsch+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [0/718] Internal index number
5- 13 A9 --- CPS Abbreviated California Planet Search
identifier
15- 20 F6.1 K Teff [0/6513.6] Effective temperature
22- 26 F5.1 K e_Teff [0/116.1] Uncertainty in Teff
28- 33 F6.3 [-] [Fe/H] [-1.9/0.54] Metallicity
35- 39 F5.3 [-] e_[Fe/H] [0.03/0.25] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]
41- 45 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg [2.54/5.26] Log surface gravity
47- 51 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg [7e-3/0.11] Uncertainty in logg
53- 58 F6.3 solRad Rad [0.12/14.94] Stellar radius
60- 64 F5.3 solRad e_Rad [3e-3/0.47] Uncertainty in Rad
66- 70 F5.3 solMass Mass [0.1/2.87] Stellar mass
72- 76 F5.3 solMass e_Mass [3e-3/0.24] Uncertainty in Mass
78- 84 F7.4 mag Vmag [1.32/16.69] Apparent V band magnitude
86- 91 F6.4 mag B-V [0.41/2.01] The (B-V) color
93- 100 F8.5 arcsec/yr plx [-1/12.12] Gaia DR2 parallax
102- 103 A2 --- RV Link to interactive radial velocity plot
(data from Table 6); column added by CDS
105- 108 A4 --- Phot Link to interactive photometric data plot
from APF-50 survey (data from Table apf50);
column added by CDS
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- CPS California Planet Search identifier
14- 25 A12 --- Name Name in literature
27- 34 F8.5 Mjup Msini [8e-3/27] Minimum mass, M sin(i)
36- 44 F9.5 Mjup e_Msini [-17/-9e-4] Lower uncertainty on Msini
46- 53 F8.5 Mjup E_Msini [9e-4/22] Upper uncertainty on Msini
55- 62 F8.5 AU a [0.01/25] Semimajor axis
64- 71 F8.5 AU e_a [-8.3/-1e-4] Lower uncertainty on a
73- 80 F8.5 AU E_a [1e-4/19] Upper uncertainty on a
82- 88 F7.5 --- e [1e-3/0.94] Eccentricity
90- 97 F8.5 --- e_e [-0.24/-6.1e-4] Lower uncertainty on e
99- 105 F7.5 --- E_e [6e-4/0.29] Upper uncertainty on e
107- 149 A43 --- Ref Reference
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- CPS California Planet Search identifier
13- 24 A12 --- Name Name in literature
26- 31 F6.1 Mjup Msini [24/1405] Minimum mass, M sin(i)
33- 38 F6.1 Mjup e_Msini [-470/-1.4] Lower uncertainty on Msini
40- 45 F6.1 Mjup E_Msini [1.4/2200] Upper uncertainty on Msini
47- 53 F7.4 AU a [0.11/49] Semimajor axis
55- 62 F8.4 AU e_a [-19/-1.1e-3] Lower uncertainty on a
64- 70 F7.4 AU E_a [1.1e-3/46] Upper uncertainty on a
72- 78 F7.5 --- e [0.017/0.98] Eccentricity
80- 87 F8.5 --- e_e [-0.2/-1.8e-4] Lower uncertainty on e
89- 95 F7.5 --- E_e [1.8e-4/0.27] Upper uncertainty on e
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [2/717] Internal index number
5- 12 A8 --- CPS Abbreviated California Planet Search
identifier
14- 25 F12.10 Msun Mass [0.25/2.22] Stellar mass
27- 39 F13.10 m/s/d dvdt [-0.4/0.43] Linear trend term of RVs
zero-points from max-likelihood fit
41- 53 F13.10 m/s/d dvdtMed [-0.4/0.67] Median linear trend term term of
RVs zero-points from MCMC
55- 66 F12.10 m/s/d e_dvdt [8.79e-4/0.44] Lower uncertainty in dvdt
68- 79 F12.10 m/s/d E_dvdt [5.96e-4/1.08] Upper uncertainty in dvdt
81- 89 E9.2 m/s/d2 curv [-3.22e-5/2.73e-5]? Quadratic trend term
of RVs zero-points from max-likelihood fit
91- 99 E9.2 m/s/d2 curvMed [-3.14e-5/2.73e-5]? Median quadratic trend
term of RVs zero-points from MCMC
101- 108 E8.2 m/s/d2 e_curv [3.09e-7/3.62e-5]? Lower uncertainty in curv
110- 117 E8.2 m/s/d2 E_curv [2.65e-7/2.77e-5]? Upper uncertainty in curv
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- Seq [0/104719] Internal index number
8- 16 A9 --- CPS Abbreviated California Planet Search identifier
18- 21 A4 --- Inst Instrument code (1)
23- 32 A10 --- ObID Observation identifier
34- 47 F14.6 d BJD [2446957/2458970] Barycentric Julian Date
49- 57 F9.2 m/s RVel [-33185/10069] Radial velocity
59- 67 F9.6 m/s e_RVel [0.34/55.97] Uncertainty in RVel
69- 77 F9.5 --- SVal [0/790]? Ca II H & K line core strength value
79- 86 F8.1 ct cts [3001/806706] Counts
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Note (1): Instruments as follows:
k = The HIgh-Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) located at Keck
Observatory on the 10m Keck I telescope in Hawaii, USA (pre-2004);
13746 occurrences
j = The HIgh-Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) located at Keck
Observatory on the 10m Keck I telescope in Hawaii, USA (pre-2004);
49150 occurrences
apf = Automated Planet Finder and Levy Spectrometer, configured with the
2.4m telescope on Mount Hamilton at Lick Observatory in California,
USA; 30839 occurrences
lick = Hamilton spectrograph installed at the Lick Observatory's Shane
3m telescope in California, USA; 10985 occurrences
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Byte-by-byte Description of file:table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- CPS California Planet Search identifier
13- 23 A11 --- Name Name in literature
25- 37 F13.6 d Per [2.06/100000] Orbital period
39- 50 E12.5 d e_Per [-63000/-5.3e-5] Lower uncertainty on Per
52- 63 E12.5 d E_Per [5.1e-5/170000] Upper uncertainty on Per
65- 70 F6.2 --- K [0.98/160] Radial velocity amplitude
72- 78 F7.2 --- e_K [-120/-0.13] Lower uncertainty on K
80- 85 F6.2 --- E_K [0.13/280] Upper uncertainty on K
87 A1 --- Cause Cause of false-positive label (1)
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Note (1): Causes as follows:
A = Long-period magnetic activity cycle (42 occurrences)
R = Stellar rotation (16 occurrences)
N = Annual and/or instrumental systematic (44 occurrences)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file:apf50.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- Seq [0/64846] Internal index number
7- 8 A2 --- [hd] [hd]
9- 14 A6 --- Name Stellar identifier
16 A1 --- Comp Component of stellar identifier
18- 27 F10.4 --- MJD [49094/57937] Modified Julian Date of observation
29- 36 F8.6 --- NFlux [0.99/1.01] Normalized flux (1)
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Note (1): The APTs measure the flux in the Stromgren b and y bands. We combined
the differential b and y measurements into a single (b+y)/2 "passband" then
converted the differential magnitudes into a relative flux normalized to 1.0.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file:planets.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [0/329] Internal index number
5- 13 A9 --- CPS Abbreviated California Planet Search
identifier
15 A1 --- Status Status (1)
17- 19 F3.1 --- Npl [1/8] Planet index within a given system
21- 33 F13.8 Mjup Msini [8.9e-3/1233.5] Planetary mass M sin(i) from
max-likelihood fit
35- 47 F13.8 Mjup MsiniMed [8.8e-3/1405.2] Median mass value from MCMC
49- 61 F13.8 Mjup e_Msini [-584.2/1358.7] Lower uncertainty in Msini
63- 75 F13.8 Mjup E_Msini [9.7e-3/2684.9] Upper uncertainty in Msini
77- 87 F11.8 AU a [0.015/37.3] Orbital axis from max-likelihood
fit
89- 99 F11.8 AU aMed [0.015/71.7] Median axis value from MCMC
101- 111 F11.8 AU e_a [0.015/30] Lower uncertainty in a
113- 124 F12.8 AU E_a [0.016/137.3] Upper uncertainty in a
126- 139 F14.8 d Per [0.73/80077] Orbital period from
max-likelihood fit
141- 155 F15.8 d PerMed [0.73/293702] Median period value from MCMC
157- 170 F14.8 d e_Per [0.73/58416.3] Lower uncertainty in Per
172- 186 F15.8 d E_Per [0.73/783743] Upper uncertainty in Per
188- 198 F11.3 K Temp [2.4e+6/2.5e+6] Equilibrium flux temperature
at semi-major axis from max-likelihood fit
200- 210 F11.3 K TempMed [2.3e+6/2.5e+6] Median temperature value from
MCMC
212- 222 F11.3 K e_Temp [2.3e+6/2.5e+6] Lower uncertainty in Temp
224- 234 F11.3 K E_Temp [2.4e+6/2.6e+6] Upper uncertainty in Temp
236- 246 F11.8 rad omega [-3.2/3.1] Argument of periastron from
max-likelihood fit
248- 258 F11.8 rad omegaMed [-1.6/1.6] Median argument of periastron from
MCMC
260- 270 F11.8 rad e_omega [-1.6/1.6] Lower uncertainty in omega
272- 282 F11.8 rad E_omega [-1.6/1.6] Upper uncertainty in omega
284- 297 F14.8 m/s K [1/10714] RV semi-amplitude from
max-likelihood fit
299- 312 F14.8 m/s KMed [0.9/10714] Median RV semi-amplitude from
MCMC
314- 327 F14.8 m/s e_K [0.8/10711] Lower uncertainty in K
329- 342 F14.8 m/s E_K [1.1/11796] Upper uncertainty in K
344- 353 F10.8 --- e [0/0.98] Eccentricity from max-likelihood fit
355- 364 F10.8 --- eMed [1.9e-3/0.98] Median eccentricity from MCMC
366- 375 F10.8 --- e_e [5.8e-4/0.98] Lower uncertainty in e
377- 386 F10.8 --- E_e [3.9e-3/0.98] Upper uncertainty in e
388- 392 F5.3 --- emode [0/0.99] Mode eccentricity
394- 403 F10.8 --- e_emode [2.8e-3/0.98] 68% uncertainty eccentricity
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Note (1): Status as follows:
K = Known planet (163 occurrences)
C = New planet candidate (14 occurrences)
A = Long-period magnetic activity (42 occurrences)
R = Stellar rotation (17 occurrences)
N = Artifact due to systematic error (44 occurrences)
S = Stellar companion (50 occurrences)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Rosenthal et al. Paper I. 2021ApJS..255....8R 2021ApJS..255....8R This catalog
Fulton et al. Paper II. 2021ApJS..255...14F 2021ApJS..255...14F
Rosenthal et al. Paper III. 2022ApJS..262....1R 2022ApJS..262....1R
Rosenthal et al. Paper IV. 2024ApJS..270....1R 2024ApJS..270....1R
Isaacson et al. Paper V. 2024ApJS..274...35I 2024ApJS..274...35I J/ApJS/274/35
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 30-Apr-2026