J/ApJS/257/58 Properties of [WR] planetary nebulae (Danehkar, 2021)
Physical and chemical properties of Wolf-Rayet planetary nebulae.
Danehkar A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 257, 58-58 (2021)>
=2021ApJS..257...58D 2021ApJS..257...58D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Planetary nebulae ; Spectroscopy ; Abundances
Keywords: planetary nebulae - interstellar medium - chemical abundances -
Wolf-Rayet stars
Abstract:
Wolf-Rayet ([WR]) and weak-emission-line (wels) central stars of
planetary nebulae (PNs) have hydrogen-deficient atmospheres, whose
origins are not well understood. In the present study, we have
conducted plasma diagnostics and abundance analyses of 18 Galactic PNs
surrounding [WR] and wels nuclei, using collisionally excited lines
(CELs) and optical recombination lines (ORLs) measured with the Wide
Field Spectrograph on the Australian National University 2.3m
telescope at the Siding Spring Observatory complemented with optical
archival data. Our plasma diagnostics imply that the electron
densities and temperatures derived from CELs are correlated with the
intrinsic nebular Hβ surface brightness and excitation class,
respectively. Self-consistent plasma diagnostics of heavy-element ORLs
of N2+ and O2+ suggest that a small fraction of cool (≤7000K),
dense (∼104-105cm-3) materials may be present in some objects,
though with large uncertainties. Our abundance analyses indicate that
the abundance discrepancy factors (ADFs∼ORLs/CELs) of O2+ are
correlated with the dichotomies between forbidden-line and HeI
temperatures. Our results likely point to the presence of a tiny
fraction of cool, oxygen-rich dense clumps within diffuse warm ionized
nebulae. Moreover, our elemental abundances derived from CELs are
mostly consistent with asymptotic giant branch models in the range of
initial masses from 1.5 to 5M☉. Further studies are necessary to
understand better the origins of abundance discrepancies in PNs around
[WR] and wels stars.
Description:
Table 4 lists observed and dereddened line fluxes on a scale relative
to Hb, where Hb=100.
Table 6 presents electron temperatures and densities derived from
CELs.
Table 7 presents electron temperatures derived from HeI lines.
Table 8 presents electron temperatures and densities derived from
ORLs.
Table 11 presents ionic abundances relative to hydrogen derived from
CELs.
Table 12 presents ionic abundances relative to hydrogen derived from
ORLs.
Table 13 presents mean ionic and total elemental abundances derived
from ORLs and CELs.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 103 20 Journal of the ANU observations,
including the stellar characteristics
table4.dat 131 911 Observed and dereddened line fluxes
table6.dat 138 99 Temperatures and densities from CELs
table7.dat 138 42 Temperatures from He I lines
table8.dat 138 35 Temperatures and densities from ORLs
table11.dat 103 348 Ionic abundances derived from CELs
table12.dat 103 185 Ionic abundances derived from ORLs
table13.dat 95 919 Mean ionic and total abundances
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See also:
V/84 : Strasbourg-ESO Cat of Galactic Planetary Nebulae
(Acker+ 1992)
V/127 : MASH Catalogues of Planetary Nebulae (Parker+ 2006-2008)
J/A+A/280/581 : Chemical abundances of PNe (Pasquali+, 1993)
J/A+A/282/436 : Abundance gradients from disk PNs (Maciel+ 1994)
J/A+A/307/215 : Spectrophotometry of PNe (Cuisinier+, 1996)
J/A+AS/126/297 : PN abundances (Ratag+ 1997)
J/A+A/345/629 : Abundance gradients in planetary nebulae (Maciel+, 1999)
J/A+A/380/300 : Abundances of PN towards Galactic bulge (Escudero+, 2001)
J/A+A/423/199 : Chemical abundances of planetary nebulae (Costa+, 2004)
J/A+A/427/231 : Abundances in planetary nebulae (Gorny+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/349/793 : Galactic PNe abundances (Perinotto+, 2004)
J/A+A/463/265 : Chemical compositions of 48 WR planetary nebulae
(Girard+ 2007)
J/A+A/494/591 : Abundances in planetary nebulae (Chiappini+, 2009)
J/A+A/500/1089 : Abundances in planetary nebulae (Gorny+, 2009)
J/PAZh/35/574 : He, C, N and O abundances in PNe (Milanova+, 2009)
J/ApJ/724/748 : Galactic anticenter PNe and oxygen abundance (Henry+, 2010)
J/ApJ/711/619 : α-element abundances in galactic PNe (Milingo+, 2010)
J/ApJ/714/1096 : Galactic planetary nebulae (Stanghellini+, 2010)
J/A+A/538/A54 : Spectroscopy of 12 [WC] planetary nebulae
(Garcia-Rojas+ 2012)
J/A+A/567/A12 : Chemical abundances in Galactic PNe (Garcia-Hernandez+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Name Name
15- 27 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
29- 30 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
32- 33 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
35- 38 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
40 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
41- 42 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
44- 45 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
47- 50 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
52- 61 A10 --- SpType Spectral type
63- 65 A3 --- r_SpType Reference for SpType (1)
67- 69 I3 kK Teff Effective temperature
70 A1 --- n_Teff [a] Note on Teff (2)
72- 74 A3 --- r_Teff Reference for Teff (1)
76- 77 I2 arcsec Aper1 Aperture
79 A1 --- --- [x]
80- 81 I2 arcsec Aper2 Aperture
83- 86 I4 s ExpTime1 Exposure time
87 A1 --- --- [,]
89- 92 I4 s ExpTime2 ? Exposure time
94-103 A10 "date" Obs.Date Observation date
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Note (1): References as follows:
A92 - Acker et al. (1992, Cat. V/84)
A02 - Acker et al. (2002A&A...384..620A 2002A&A...384..620A)
A03 - Acker & Neiner (2003A&A...403..659A 2003A&A...403..659A, Cat. J/A+A/403/659)
D98 - De Marco & Crowther (1998MNRAS.296..419D 1998MNRAS.296..419D)
D11 - Depew et al. (2011MNRAS.414.2812D 2011MNRAS.414.2812D)
G97 - Gorny et al. (1997A&A...318..256G 1997A&A...318..256G, Cat. J/A+A/318/256)
K91 - Kaler et al. (1991PASP..103...67K 1991PASP..103...67K)
P89 - Preite-Martinez et al. (1989A&AS...81..309P 1989A&AS...81..309P)
S89 - Shaw & Kaler (1989ApJS...69..495S 1989ApJS...69..495S)
T93 - Tylenda et al. (1993A&AS..102..595T 1993A&AS..102..595T)
W08 - Weidmann et al. (2008A&A...488..245W 2008A&A...488..245W)
Note (2): a: Calculated from the nebular excitation class (EC) and the EC-Teff
correlation given by Dopita & Meatheringham (1990ApJ...357..140D 1990ApJ...357..140D,
1991ApJ...377..480D 1991ApJ...377..480D).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 32 A4 --- Ref Reference of Observed Flux (2)
34- 40 F7.2 0.1nm lambdaLab Laboratory Wavelength [Angstrom]
43- 52 A10 --- Ion Ion
54- 60 F7.2 0.1nm lambdaObs Observed Wavelength [Angstrom]
63- 70 F8.3 --- F(lambda) ? Observed Flux (in units of F(Hb)=100)
72 A1 --- n_F(lambda) [*] Blended note (1)
74- 77 F4.1 % e_F(lambda) ? Formal 1-sigma and noise of Observed Flux
79- 86 F8.3 --- I(lambda) ? Dereddened Intensity(in units of I(Hb)=100)
88 A1 --- n_I(lambda) [*] Blended note (1)
90- 94 F5.1 % e_I(lambda) []? Lower 90% error of Dereddened Intensity
96- 99 F4.1 % E_I(lambda) ? Upper 90% error of Dereddened Intensity
102-107 A6 --- Mult Multiplet (H: Balmer, V: ORLs, F: CELs)
109-115 A7 --- LowTerm Lower Term of Transition
117-124 A8 --- UpTerm Upper Term of Transition
126-127 I2 --- g1 ? Statistical Weight of Lower Level
129-130 I2 --- g2 ? Statistical Weight of Upper Level
131 A1 --- n_g2 [*] Blended note (1)
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Note (1): The symbol '*' in Flux indicates that the listed line is blended with
the above listed line.
Note (2): References are as follows:
D19 = this paper
D97 = De Marco et al. (1997MNRAS.292...86D 1997MNRAS.292...86D)
G07 = Girard et al. (2007A&A...463..265G 2007A&A...463..265G, Cat. J/A+A/463/265)
G12 = Garcia-rojas et al. (2012A&A...538A..54G 2012A&A...538A..54G, Cat. J/A+A/538/A54)
H97 = Hajian et al. (1997ApJ...487..304H 1997ApJ...487..304H)
K91 = Kaler et al. (1991PASP..103...67K 1991PASP..103...67K)
K94 = Kingsburgh & Barlow (1994MNRAS.271..257K 1994MNRAS.271..257K)
K03 = Kwitter et al. (2003PASP..115...80K 2003PASP..115...80K)
M02 = Milingo et al. (2002ApJS..138..279M 2002ApJS..138..279M)
P01 = Pena et al. (2001A&A...367..983P 2001A&A...367..983P, 1998A&A...337..866P 1998A&A...337..866P)
W07 = Wang & Liu (2007MNRAS.381..669W 2007MNRAS.381..669W)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat table7.dat table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 33 A5 --- Type Type (Te, Te_rc, Ne) (1)
35- 44 A10 --- Ion Ion
46-110 A65 --- Diagnos Diagnostic Lines
112-117 I6 --- Value Value (Te: Temperature or Ne: Density)
123-128 I6 --- e_Value [] Lower 90% error of Value
134-138 I5 --- E_Value Upper 90% error of Value
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Note (1): The symbol "rc" indicates that the auroral lines are corrected for
recombination contribution.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat table12.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name (1)
29- 40 A12 --- Ion Ion
42- 51 A10 --- Line Line
53- 59 F7.2 0.1nm lambdaLab Laboratory Wavelength (Angstroem)
62- 64 I3 --- Wght Weight used for Mean Abundance
67- 78 E12.5 --- Abund Abundances relative to Hydrogen
80- 91 E12.5 --- e_Abund [] Lower 90% error of Abundances
93-103 E11.5 --- E_Abund Upper 90% error of Abundances
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Note (1): For Sa 3-107, O+/H+ ionic abundance ratio estimated from
S2+/S+ = 4.892 (O2+/O+)^0.419 (see Sec. 4.1. in the paper).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table13.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- PNG PNG name (PNGLLL.l+BB.b)
15- 27 A13 --- Name Name
29- 40 A12 --- Ion Ion (Mean ionic, total, icf)
42- 48 A7 --- Type Type (ORL, CEL)
50- 57 A8 --- icfRef References for icf formulas (1)
59- 70 E12.5 --- Abund Abundances relative to Hydrogen
72- 83 E12.5 --- e_Abund [] Lower 90% error of Abundances
85- 95 E11.5 --- E_Abund Upper 90% error of Abundances
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Note (1): References for icf formulas are as follows:
DMS14 = Delgado-inglada et al. (2014MNRAS.440..536D 2014MNRAS.440..536D)
ITL94 = Izotov et al. (1994ApJ...435..647I 1994ApJ...435..647I)
KB94 = Kingsburgh & Barlow (1994MNRAS.271..257K 1994MNRAS.271..257K)
L00 = Liu et al. (2000MNRAS.312..585L 2000MNRAS.312..585L)
WL07 = Wang & Liu (2007MNRAS.381..669W 2007MNRAS.381..669W)
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Acknowledgements:
Ashkbiz Danehkar, ashkbiz.danehkar(at)gmail.com
(End) Ashkbiz Danehkar [Michigan, USA], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 29-Dec-2021