J/ApJS/258/8 LCs of RR Lyrae stars from TESS (Molnar+, 2022)
First results on RR Lyrae stars with the TESS space telescope: untangling the
connections between mode content, colors, and distances.
Molnar L., Bodi A., Pal A., Bhardwaj A., Hambsch F.-J., Benko J.M.,
Derekas A., Ebadi M., Joyce M., Hasanzadeh A., Kolenberg K., Lund M.B.,
Nemec J.M., Netzel H., Ngeow C.-C., Pepper J., Plachy E., Prudil Z.,
Siverd R.J., Skarka M., Smolec R., Sodor A., Sylla S., Szabo P., Szabo R.,
Kjeldsen H., Christensen-Dalsgaard J., Ricker G.R.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 258, 8 (2022)>
=2022ApJS..258....8M 2022ApJS..258....8M
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable; Photometry; Optical; Radial velocities;
Magnitudes, absolute
Keywords: Pulsating variable stars ; RR Lyrae variable stars ;
Stellar photometry
Abstract:
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space telescope is
collecting continuous, high-precision optical photometry of stars
throughout the sky, including thousands of RR Lyrae stars. In this
paper, we present results for an initial sample of 118 nearby RR Lyrae
stars observed in TESS Sectors 1 and 2. We use differential image
photometry to generate light curves and analyze their mode content and
modulation properties. We combine accurate light-curve parameters from
TESS with parallax and color information from the Gaia mission to
create a comprehensive classification scheme. We build a clean sample,
preserving RR Lyrae stars with unusual light-curve shapes, while
separating other types of pulsating stars. We find that a large
fraction of RR Lyrae stars exhibit various low-amplitude modes, but
the distribution of those modes is markedly different from those of
the bulge stars. This suggests that differences in physical parameters
have an observable effect on the excitation of extra modes,
potentially offering a way to uncover the origins of these signals.
However, mode identification is hindered by uncertainties when
identifying the true pulsation frequencies of the extra modes. We
compare mode amplitude ratios in classical double-mode stars to stars
with extra modes at low amplitudes and find that they separate into
two distinct groups. Finally, we find a high percentage of modulated
stars among the fundamental mode pulsators, but also find that at
least 28% of them do not exhibit modulation, confirming that a
significant fraction of stars lack the Blazhko effect.
Description:
In this paper we studied an initial selection of 126 known or
candidate bright RR Lyrae stars within Sectors 1 and 2 of the
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, 118 of which
turned out to be real pulsators.
Sectors 1 and 2 lasted for 27.9 and 27.4 days, with 1.13 and 1.44day
long mid-sector gaps, respectively. During each sector, the entire
field of view is recorded as full-frame images (FFI) at a 30 minute
cadence, while selected targets are measured with 2 minute cadence.
In Sectors 1 and 2, three targets were observed as 2 minute cadence
targets, part of the TESS Asteroseismic Science Consortium (TASC)
target list (ST Pic in both sectors, BV Aqr in S1, and RU Scl in S2).
The rest of the RR Lyrae stars were FFI targets. See Section 2.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 97 82 *Stars identified as RRab type; updated version
table2.dat 97 31 Stars identified as RRc type
table3.dat 97 5 Stars identified as RRd type
table4.dat 97 2 Stars identified as ACEP candidates
table5.dat 108 6 Stars erroneously identified as RR Lyrae stars
in previous studies
table6.dat 90 197624 *FITSH differential-image photometry of
the FFI targets
table7.dat 54 83 Blazhko identifications in the RRab sample, plus
the two ACEP (candidate) stars
table8.dat 130 120 Periods, distances, calculated absolute magnitudes
and absorption coefficients of the pulsating star
targets
table9.dat 99 57 U, V and W velocity components and radial velocities
table10.dat 117 117 Periods and relative Fourier parameters
table11.dat 91 178 Simplified identification of extra mode signals
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table1.dat: NSV 14088 (Gaia DR2 6511192827581914752) has been added
to this table at CDS; SX PsA which is an ACEP candidate has been removed
from this table.
Note on table6.dat: the software package named FITSH is described in
Pal A. (2012MNRAS.421.1825P 2012MNRAS.421.1825P).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
J/AJ/108/1016 : Kinematics of local RR lyrae stars. I. (Layden, 1994)
J/ApJ/598/597 : Freq. analysis of fundamental-mode RR Lyrae (Alcock+, 2003)
J/A+A/410/527 : Abundances in the Galactic disk (Bensby+, 2003)
J/AcA/53/93 : OGLE RR Lyrae in LMC (Soszynski+, 2003)
J/AJ/129/267 : RR Lyrae variables in NGC 5272 (Cacciari+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/377/1263 : Multiperiodic RR Lyrae in ASAS catalog (Szczygiel+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/377/1263 : Multiperiodic RR Lyrae in ASAS catalog (Szczygiel+, 2007)
J/A+A/510/A39 : CoRoT light curves of V1127 Aql (Chadid+, 2010)
J/A+A/523/A48 : Gaia photometry (Jordi+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/415/1577 : CoRoT 105288363 Blazhko modulation (Guggenberger+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/411/1585 : CZ Lac multiperiodic Blazhko modulation (Sodor+, 2011)
J/AJ/144/114 : Radial velocities of 6 field RR Lyrae (Sesar+, 2012)
J/AcA/63/159 : LMC OGLE-III Shallow Survey variable stars (Ulaczyk+, 2013)
J/ApJS/213/31 : Blazhko effect from 4yr of Kepler data (Benko+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/437/2702 : MC Cepheids, RR Lyrae stars and binaries (Moretti+, 2014)
J/A+A/562/A90 : Times of maximum light of Blazhko RRab stars (Skarka, 2014)
J/A+A/570/A100 : BVRc light curves of 5 CoRoT RR Lyrae stars (Szabo+, 2014)
J/ApJ/809/L19 : LCs of RR Lyrae stars V350 Lyr & KIC 7021124 (Henry+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/447/3342 : Galactic & LMC Cepheids Fourier parameters (Bhardwaj+, 2015)
J/ApJ/814/71 : Carina project IX: Carina variables UBVI (Coppola+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/25 : LCs of RR Lyrae stars in M3 (NGC5272) (Jurcsik+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/452/4283 : 33 RR Lyrae observed in Pisces with K2-E2 (Molnar+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/453/2022 : Double-mode radial-non-radial RR Lyrae stars (Netzel+, 2015)
J/AcA/65/233 : OGLE Magellanic Clouds anomalous Cepheids (Soszynski+, 2015)
J/A+A/589/A94 : TU UMa light curves and maxima, CL Aur minima (Liska+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/463/1332 : Anomalous RRd stars in Magellanic Clouds (Soszynski+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/469/3688 : CSS Periodic Variable Star Catalogue (Drake+, 2017)
J/ApJ/850/96 : PS1 3π RRab stars within Sgr stream (Hernitschek+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/204 : RR Lyrae stars from the PS1 3π survey (Sesar+, 2017)
J/A+A/616/A10 : 46 open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diag. (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/ApJ/863/151 : Period analysis of 7 field RRab stars (Li+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A127 : Cassification of RR Lyrae and Cepheid (Molnar+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/45 : RRc stars in Carnegie RR Lyrae Survey (Sneden+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A7 : Gaia DR2 RVel standard stars cat. (Soubiran+, 2018)
J/A+A/624/A19 : GALAH survey chemodynamical analyse with TGAS (Buder+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A60 : Gaia DR2 misclassified RR Lyrae list (Clementini+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A117 : Galactic Cepheids & RR Lyrae mult. II (Kervella+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A116 : Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae mult. I. (Kervella+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/105 : IR phot. of field RR Lyrae variable stars (Layden+, 2019)
J/ApJS/241/12 : Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) for TESS (Schofield+, 2019)
J/ApJS/244/32 : Extended Aperture Phot. of K2 RR Lyrae stars (Plachy+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/484/4833 : Oosterhoff dichotomy in Galactic bulge (Prudil+, 2019)
J/A+A/644/A95 : omega Cen RR Lyrae and Type II Cepheids (Braga+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/492/3408 : Galactic disc RR Lyrae stars (Prudil+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/117 : Radial velocity for 19 RR Lyrae (Barnes+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)
J/ApJS/253/11 : TESS observations of Cepheid stars (Plachy+, 2021)
J/A+A/648/A78 : Orphan stream RR Lyrae and non-variables (Prudil+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia EDR3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)
http://archive.stsci.edu/tess/tess_drn.html : TESS Data Releases Notes
http://tasoc.dk/ : TESS Asteroseismic Science Operations Center home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[1234].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 Object ID
20- 20 A1 --- f_GaiaDR2 Flag on Gaia DR2 vs EDR3 identifier (1)
22- 49 A28 --- Name Name
51- 55 A5 --- Sector TESS Sector
57- 65 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension, Gaia DR2 (ICRS at epoch J2000)
67- 75 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-81/-9] Declination, Gaia DR2
(ICRS at epoch J2000)
77- 82 F6.3 mag RPmag [9/13.7]? Gaia DR2 RP-band magnitude
84- 89 F6.3 mag Gmag [9.4/14.1] Gaia DR2 G-band magnitude
91- 97 F7.5 d Per Period copied from Per1 in Table 8;
column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Gaia source identifiers are identical in EDR3 for all stars except
for VW Scl (EDR3 4985455998336183168).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 Object ID
21- 48 A28 --- Name Name
50- 57 F8.5 d Per1 [0.3/30.3] Period, days
59- 64 F6.4 d Per2 [2.4/2.5]? 2nd period, days
66- 70 A5 --- Sector TESS Sector
72- 77 A6 --- Type Derived object type
79- 84 F6.1 pc Dist [87.6/1470] Distance
86- 90 F5.1 pc E_Dist [0.1/32.6] Upper uncertainty on Dist
92- 96 F5.1 pc e_Dist [0.1/25.6] Lower uncertainty on Dist
98-102 F5.3 mag GMag [2.56/7.3] Absolute G-band magnitude
104-108 F5.3 mag e_GMag [0.005/0.05] Uncertainty in MGmag
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 28 A28 --- Name Name
30- 43 F14.6 d BJD [2458325.3/2458381.5] Barycentric Julian Date
of observation
45- 51 F7.4 mag RPmag [9.2/14.2] Gaia DR2 RP-band magnitude
53- 58 F6.4 mag e_RPmag [0.0002/1.1] Uncertainty in RPmag
60- 67 F8.2 e/s Flux [357.9/33448] FITSH differential-image flux
69- 75 F7.2 e/s e_Flux [0.75/1593] Uncertainty in Flux
77- 83 F7.2 e/s Flux-bg [-102.1/182.4] Average background flux
85- 90 F6.2 e/s e_Flux-bg [0/343] Uncertainty in Flux-bg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 28 A28 --- Name Name
30- 32 A3 --- f_Name Flag(s) on Name (1)
34- 36 A3 --- Bl Blazhko identification
38- 39 A2 --- n_Bl Note on identification (2)
41 A1 --- l_Per [≳] Limit or uncertainty flag on Per
43- 49 F7.2 d Per [5.5/1271]? Modulation period
51- 54 A4 --- n_Per Note on Per
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
* = presence of low-amplitude extra modes;
A = the source is an Anomalous Cepheid candidate star
Note (2): Note as follows:
l = Modulation period from literature for a known Blazhko star
n = newly detected modulation in the TESS light curve
np = a new modulation period detected in a known Blazhko star
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 Object ID
21- 48 A28 --- Name Name
50- 57 F8.6 d Per1 [0.27/0.9] Period
59- 66 F8.6 d Per2 [0.35/0.5]? Period
68- 71 I4 pc Dist [480/5050] Distance
73- 75 I3 pc E_Dist [3/662] Upper uncertainty on Dist
77- 79 I3 pc e_Dist [3/440] Lower uncertainty on Dist
81- 86 F6.3 mag GMag [-2.1/1.6] Absolute G-band magnitude
88- 92 F5.3 mag e_GMag [0.02/0.25] Uncertainty in MGmag
94- 99 F6.3 mag BPMag [-2.4/1.8] Absolute BP-band magnitude
101-105 F5.3 mag e_BPMag [0.04/0.3] Uncertainty in MBPmag
107-112 F6.3 mag RPMag [-1.7/1.3] Absolute RP-band magnitude
114-118 F5.3 mag e_RPMag [0.03/0.26] Uncertainty in MRPmag
120-124 F5.3 mag AG1 [0/3.1] G-band extinction value
126-130 F5.3 mag AG2 [0.5/1.6]? G-band extinction value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 Object ID
21- 48 A28 --- Name Name
50- 53 I4 km/s U [-464/-3] Velocity component U
55- 57 I3 km/s e_U [1/103] Uncertainty in U
59- 62 I4 km/s V [-353/498] Velocity component V
64- 65 I2 km/s e_V [1/98] Uncertainty in V
67- 72 F6.1 km/s W [-345.7/181.2] Velocity component W
74- 77 F4.1 km/s e_W [2.9/74.2] Uncertainty in W
79- 84 A6 --- r_RVel Source for RVel (1)
86- 89 I4 km/s RVel [-249/405] Radial Velocity
91- 92 I2 km/s e_RVel [3/75] Uncertainty for RVel
94- 99 A6 --- Group Other Grouping (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Sources for RVel as follows:
Gaia = Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018, I/345);
GALAH = Buder et al. (2021, J/MNRAS/506/150);
Layden = Layden (1994, J/AJ/108/1016);
RAVE = Steinmetz et al. (2020, III/283).
Note (2): Other grouping as follows:
G-E = Gaia-Enceladus members;
Non-RR = Non-RR Lyrae stars.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 Object ID
21- 48 A28 --- Name Name
50- 56 F7.5 d Per [0.27/0.9] Period
58- 63 F6.4 --- R21 [0.045/0.6] R21 Fourier parameter
65- 70 F6.4 --- e_R21 [0.0006/0.4] Uncertainty in R21
72- 77 F6.4 --- R31 [0.014/0.4] R31 Fourier parameter
79- 84 F6.4 --- e_R31 [0.0009/1.2] Uncertainty in R31
86- 91 F6.4 rad phi21 [0.3/4] phi21 Fourier parameter
93- 98 F6.4 rad e_phi21 [0.0006/0.4] Uncertainty in phi21
100-105 F6.4 rad phi31 [0.04/6.3] phi31 Fourier parameter
107-112 F6.4 rad e_phi31 [0.0009/1.1] Uncertainty in phi31
114-117 A4 --- Group Other Grouping (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Other grouping as follows:
RR = RR Lyrae stars (113 occurrences);
ACEP = Anomalous Cepheid candidate stars (2 occurrences);
NonP = Non-pulsating stars (2 occurrences).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 28 A28 --- Name Name
30- 36 F7.5 d-1 FMfreq [1.3/2.6]? FM mode frequency
38- 44 F7.5 mag FMamp [0.03/0.3]? FM mode amplitude
46- 52 F7.5 d-1 O1freq [2.36/3.7]? O1 mode frequency
54- 60 F7.5 mag O1amp [0.069/0.2]? O1 mode amplitude
62- 69 F8.5 d-1 Sfreq [0.6/11.1] Signal frequency
71- 77 F7.5 mag Samp [8e-05/0.009] Signal amplitude
79- 86 A8 --- Label Type of frequency groups ("PD"=period doubling)
88- 91 A4 --- Group Other Grouping (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Other groupin as follows:
RRab = 67 occurrences
RRc = 110 occurrences
RRd = 11 occurrences
ACEP = Anomalous Cepheid candidate star (3 occurrences for SX PsA)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
* Modifications in Table 1 and Table 11 ("ACEP" for SX PsA)
thanks to the author.
Acknowledgements:
Laszlo Molnar [Konkoly Observatory, CSFK - http://konkoly.hu/staff/lmolnar]
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 27-Apr-2022