J/ApJS/259/43 Virgo filaments. II. Sp. galaxies around Virgo (Castignani+, 2022)
Virgo filaments.
II. Catalog and first results on the effect of filaments on galaxy properties.
Castignani G., Vulcani B., Finn R.A., Combes F., Jablonka P., Rudnick G.,
Zaritsky D., Whalen K., Conger K., De Lucia G., Desai V., Koopmann R.A.,
Moustakas J., Norman D.J., Townsend M.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 259, 43 (2022)>
=2022ApJS..259...43C 2022ApJS..259...43C
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy; Galaxy catalogs; Surveys; Radial velocities
Keywords: Galaxy clusters ; Virgo Cluster ; Catalogs ; Surveys ;
Large-scale structure of the universe ; Astronomy databases
Abstract:
Virgo is the nearest galaxy cluster; it is thus ideal for studies of
galaxy evolution in dense environments in the local universe. It is
embedded in a complex filamentary network of galaxies and groups,
which represents the skeleton of the large-scale Laniakea
supercluster. Here we assemble a comprehensive catalog of galaxies
extending up to ∼12 virial radii in projection from Virgo to revisit
the cosmic-web structure around it. This work is the foundation of a
series of papers that will investigate the multiwavelength properties
of galaxies in the cosmic web around Virgo. We match spectroscopically
confirmed sources from several databases and surveys including
HyperLeda, NASA Sloan Atlas, NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, and
ALFALFA. The sample consists of ∼7000 galaxies. By exploiting a
tomographic approach, we identify 13 filaments, spanning several
megaparsecs in length. Long >17h-1Mpc filaments, tend to be thin
(<1h-1Mpc in radius) and with a low-density contrast (<5), while
shorter filaments show a larger scatter in their structural
properties. Overall, we find that filaments are a transitioning
environment between the field and cluster in terms of local densities,
galaxy morphologies, and fraction of barred galaxies. Denser filaments
have a higher fraction of early-type galaxies, suggesting that the
morphology-density relation is already in place in the filaments,
before galaxies fall into the cluster itself.
Description:
To assemble a spectroscopic sample of galaxies around Virgo
(RAJ2000=187.70°, DEJ2000=12.34°), we start by creating a
catalog from the union of HyperLeda, the NASA Sloan Atlas (NSA), and
the ALFALFA α100 sample (Haynes+ 2018, J/ApJ/861/49).
We add to the sample 110 galaxies that have redshift-independent
distances in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED).
Finally, we visually review each galaxy in our catalog to remove
shredded galaxies, duplicates, and spurious objects. Our final sample
contains 6780 galaxies. See Section 2.
Throughout this paper, we assume a Hubble constant of H0=100h/km/Mpc,
where h=0.74.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 158 1313 Filament points table
table7.dat 140 6780 Main catalog with cross IDs
table8.dat 97 6780 Galaxy environmental properties
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
J/ApJ/659/1176 : Study of bars in 180 spiral galaxies (Marinova+, 2007)
J/ApJ/655/144 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. (Mei+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2846 : Photometric decomposition of barred galaxies (Reese+, 2007)
J/ApJ/676/184 : Peculiar motion away from the Local Void (Tully+, 2008)
J/ApJS/199/26 : The 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) (Huchra+, 2012)
J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (Tully+, 2013)
J/A+A/564/A65 : Cold gas data of Herschel Reference Survey (Boselli+, 2014)
J/A+A/570/A69 : GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey. IV. (Boselli+, 2014)
J/ApJS/215/22 : The Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog (EVCC) (Kim+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/438/3465 : Cosmic web filaments in the SDSS (Tempel+, 2014)
J/AJ/152/50 : Cosmicflows-3 catalog (CF3) (Tully+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/464/666 : Void Galaxy Survey, photometry and structure (Beygu+, 2017)
J/ApJ/835/212 : Wide-field sp. survey of GCs in Virgo cluster (Ko+, 2017)
J/ApJ/843/16 : Galaxy groups within 3500km/s (Kourkchi+, 2017)
J/ApJ/861/49 : ALFALFA extragalactic HI source catalog (Haynes+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/478/4336 : Coma galaxies UV and opt. view (Mahajan+, 2018)
J/ApJS/244/24 : A z=0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. (Leroy+, 2019)
J/ApJ/876/85 : HST observations for LMC Cepheids (Riess+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/271 : A cat. of ∼30000 galaxies with ALFALFA-SDSS (Durbala+, 2020)
J/A+A/657/A9 : Virgo Filaments. I. CO and HI data (Castignani+, 2022)
http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/ : HyperLeda database home page
http://nsatlas.org/ : NASA-Sloan Atlas (NSA) home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 F19.16 --- SGX [2.6/38.4] Super Galactic X coordinate in Mpc/h
21- 42 F22.18 --- SGY [-12.6/19] Super Galactic Y coordinate in Mpc/h
44- 64 F21.17 --- SGZ [-14.3/33.2] Super Galactic Z coordinate in Mpc/h
66- 68 I3 --- IDpoint [1/101] Integer index associated with the
curve parameter, t
70- 89 F20.16 deg PA [0.1/180] Position angle for the filament spine
91-108 F18.14 deg RAdeg [120.2/259.6] Projected coordinate of point,
Right Ascension, decimal degrees (J2000)
110-128 F19.16 deg DEdeg [1.5/61] Projected coordinate of point,
Declination, decimal degrees (J2000)
130-158 A29 --- Fil Filament name
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Seq [0/6779] Unique serial number (G1)
6- 15 F10.6 deg RAdeg [100/280] Right Ascension (J2000)
17- 24 F8.5 deg DEdeg [-1.3/75] Declination (J2000)
26- 29 I4 km/s HV [-750/3300] Heliocentric velocity
31- 34 I4 km/s Vcosmic [-320/5740] Cosmic recession velocity (1)
36- 39 I4 km/s Vmodel [-772/3643] Model recession velocity (2)
41- 68 A28 --- HyperLeda HyperLeda name
70- 99 A30 --- NEDName NED Name
101-107 I7 --- PGC [19397/6755702]?=-999 Catalog of Principal
Galaxies identification number
109-114 I6 --- NSAV0 [2/173237]?=-999 NSAID from the v0 catalog
116-121 I6 --- NSAV1 [14/698008]?=-999 NSAID from the v1 catalog
123-128 I6 --- AGC [3876/749485]?=-999 Arecibo Galaxy Catalog
(AGC) name
130-134 A5 --- CO CO Observation flag (3)
136-140 A5 --- A100 ALFALFA catalog flag (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Cosmic recession velocity (units of km/s) obtained from a
redshift-independent distance from Steer+ (2017AJ....153...37S 2017AJ....153...37S)
when available or from Vmodel (Sect. 3.1).
Note (2): Model recession velocity (units of km/s) obtained from
Mould+ (2000ApJ...529..786M 2000ApJ...529..786M) model (Sect. 3.1; Equation 1).
Note (3): Boolean flag, where "True" indicates that the galaxy has a CO
observation from Castignani+ (2022, J/A+A/657/A9);
Note (4): Boolean flag, where "True" indicates that the galaxy is in the
ALFALFA α.100 catalog of Haynes+ (2018, J/ApJ/861/49).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Seq [0/6779] Unique serial number (G1)
6- 10 F5.1 --- SGX [-17.6/37.1] Super Galactic X coordinate,
in h-1.Mpc
12- 15 F4.1 --- SGY [-3.1/54.5] Super Galactic Y coordinate,
in h-1.Mpc
17- 21 F5.1 --- SGZ [-39.2/45.4] Super Galactic Z coordinate,
in h-1.Mpc
23- 30 E8.1 --- n5-2D [0.0013/490]?=-1000 2D local density,
h2/Mpc2, Section 4.2
32- 39 E8.1 --- e_n5-2D [0.00057/220]?=-1000 1σ Poisson
uncertainty in n5-2D, Section 4.2
41- 47 E7.1 --- n5-3D [0.00019/420] 3D local density,
h3/Mpc3, Section 4.2
49- 55 E7.1 --- e_n5-3D [8.3e-05/190] 1σ Poisson uncertainty
in n5-3D, Section 4.2
57- 72 A16 --- Fil Name of the nearest filament
74- 80 E7.1 --- dfil2D [0.02/34] 2D distance of galaxy from
the nearest filament, h-1.Mpc
82- 88 E7.1 --- dfil3D [0.06/34] 3D distance of galaxy from
the nearest filament, h-1.Mpc
90 I1 --- Flag [0/1] Filament member flag (5)
92 I1 --- Group [0/2]? Group membership flag (6)
94 I1 --- Cl [0/1] Cluster membership flag (7)
97 I1 --- Field [0/1] Pure field galaxy flag (8)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (5): Flag value of 1 indicates that the galaxy is a filament member,
i.e., within 2h-1.Mpc from the nearest filament spine.
Note (6): Group definition by Kourkchi & Tully (2017, J/ApJ/843/16) as follows:
0 = galaxy is not a member of a group;
1 = galaxy is a member of a poor group (2≤N<5);
2 = galaxy is a member of a rich group (N≥5).
Note (7): Cluster membership flag as described in Sect. 3.2, where flag=1
indicates that the galaxy is cluster member.
Note (8): Pure field galaxy flag, obtained as described in Sect. 4, where
flag=1 indicates that the galaxy is a pure field galaxy.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Unique serial number, with galaxies sorted by declination from
north to south.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Marion Schmitz [NED] and
Gianluca Castignani [gianluca.castignani at unibo.it]
History:
From electronic version of the journal
15-Jul-2022:Insert into VizieR
29-Aug-2022:Update for Table 7 sent by the author: NEDName column revised.
References:
Castignani et al. Paper I. 2022A&A...657A...9C 2022A&A...657A...9C Cat. J/A+A/657/A9
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 27-Jun-2022