J/ApJS/263/14 Dipper stars from TESS & Gaia (Capistrant+, 2022)
A population of dipper stars from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
mission.
Capistrant B.K., Soares-Furtado M., Vanderburg A., Kounkel M.,
Rappaport S.A., Omohundro M., Powell B.P., Gagliano R., Jacobs T.,
Kostov V.B., Kristiansen M.H., LaCourse D.M., Schmitt A.R.,
Schwengeler H.M., Terentev I.A.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 263, 14 (2022)>
=2022ApJS..263...14C 2022ApJS..263...14C
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable; Photometry; Optical; Stars, diameters;
Stars, ages
Keywords: Variable stars ; Pre-main sequence ; T Tauri stars ; Photometry
Abstract:
Dipper stars are a classification of young stellar objects that
exhibit dimming variability in their light curves, dropping in
brightness by 10%-50%, likely induced by occultations due to
circumstellar disk material. This variability can be periodic,
quasiperiodic, or aperiodic. Dipper stars have been discovered in
young stellar associations via ground-based and space-based
photometric surveys. We present the detection and characterization of
the largest collection of dipper stars to date: 293 dipper stars,
including 234 new dipper candidates. We have produced a catalog of
these targets, which also includes young stellar variables that
exhibit predominately burst-like variability and symmetric variability
(equal parts bursting and dipping). The total number of catalog
sources is 414. These variable sources were found in a visual survey
of TESS light curves, where dip-like variability was observed. We
found a typical age among our dipper sources of <5Myr, with the age
distribution peaking at ∼2Myr, and a tail of the distribution
extending to ages older than 20Myr. Regardless of the age, our dipper
candidates tend to exhibit infrared excess, which is indicative of the
presence of disks. TESS is now observing the ecliptic plane, which is
rich in young stellar associations, so we anticipate many more
discoveries in the TESS data set. A larger sample of dipper stars
would enhance the census statistics of light-curve morphologies and
dipper ages.
Description:
We searched for compelling dipper stars by visual inspection of
millions of TESS light curves. The light curves used in this study
come from a number of different sources, which are described in
Section 2. These include the Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric
Survey (CDIPS; Bouma+ 2019, J/ApJS/245/13), MIT Quick Look Pipeline
(QLP; Huang+ 2020RNAAS...4..204H 2020RNAAS...4..204H & 2020RNAAS...4..206H 2020RNAAS...4..206H), PSF-based
Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters (PATHOS;
Nardiello+ 2019, J/MNRAS/490/3806), the NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center Eclipsing Binary survey (GSFC EB; Powell+ 2022RNAAS...6..111P 2022RNAAS...6..111P),
difference-imaging extracted light curves from
Oelkers & Stassun (2019RNAAS...3....8O 2019RNAAS...3....8O), and the Science Processing
Operations Center (SPOC; Jenkins+ 2016SPIE.9913E..3EJ).
Each of these databases makes use of TESS full frame images (FFIs),
except for SPOC which uses 2min and 20s target pixel files (TPFs).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 138 414 Variable star catalog
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See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/A+A/349/619 : UBVRI light curves of AA Tau in 1995 (Bouvier+, 1999)
J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)
J/A+A/409/169 : UBVRI light curves of AA Tau in 1999 (Bouvier+, 2003)
J/A+A/463/1017 : B and V light curves of AA Tau (Bouvier+, 2007)
J/ApJ/704/531 : The coevality of young binary systems (Kraus+, 2009)
J/ApJS/191/389 : Photometric monitoring in σ Ori cluster (Cody+, 2010)
J/ApJ/733/50 : MIR phot. monitoring of the ONC (Morales-Calderon+, 2011)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)
J/AJ/150/175 : YSOVAR: infrared photometry in NGC 1333 (Rebull+, 2015)
J/ApJ/848/97 : Young stellar variables for K2. I. (Rodriguez+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/71 : K2: young disk-bearing stars in Sco & Oph (Cody+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/ApJS/245/13 : CDIPS. I. LCs from TESS sectors 6 and 7 (Bouma+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A112 : The Sco OB2 population from Gaia DR2 data (Damiani+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/490/3806 : Exoplanets & variable stars in 47 Tuc (Nardiello+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/279 : Untangling the Galaxy. II. Within 3kpc (Kounkel+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/498/5972 : Variables & dippers in young associations (Nardiello, 2020)
J/AJ/159/273 : Taurus members & nonmembers with K2 data (Rebull+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/282 : Untangling Galaxy. III. PMS stars (Mcbride+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/101 : K2 ugri & Hα phot. in Lagoon Nebula (Venuti+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/263 : 323 YSOs properties with ZTF (Hillenbrand+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 I10 --- TIC [2228954/2051692830] TESS Input Cat. identifier
12- 30 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia DR2 identifier
32- 39 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
41- 48 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
50- 53 F4.1 mag Tmag [7.2/16.4] Apparent TESS band magnitude
55- 59 F5.2 mag Gmag [7.48/17.5]? Apparent Gaia DR2 G band magnitude
61- 65 F5.2 mag Bpmag [7.45/20.31]? Apparent Gaia DR2 Blue passband
magnitude
67- 71 F5.2 mag Rpmag [7/16]? Apparent Gaia DR2 Red passband magnitude
73- 77 F5.2 mag Vmag [7.52/18.51]? Apparent V band Vega magnitude
79- 85 F7.1 K Teff [2770/14955]? Effective temperature
87- 91 F5.2 Lsun Lum [0.01/88]? Luminosity
93- 97 F5.2 Rsun Rad [0.27/30.41]? Stellar radius
99-102 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [3.5/5]? log surface gravity
104-109 A6 --- LC Pre-generated light curve source (1)
111-112 I2 --- Sector [1/24] TESS observation sector
114-118 F5.2 --- M [-0.98/1.25] Flux asymmetry "M" value
(M>0.25 are predominately dipping;
see Section 3.2)
120-123 F4.2 --- Q [0.1/1] Periodicity "Q" value;
see Section 3.3
125 A1 --- VarP Variability classification for periodicity:
A=Aperiodic, Q=Quasi-Periodic, P=Periodic (2)
126 A1 --- VarF Variability classification for flux asymmetry:
D=Dipping, S=Symmetric, B=Bursting (2)
128 A1 --- Known Known Dipper (3)
130-133 F4.1 Myr AgeK21 [2/29.1]? Kerr+ 2021ApJ...917...23K 2021ApJ...917...23K stellar age
135-138 F4.1 Myr Age [0.2/41.6] This work's stellar age (4)
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Note (1): Data source as follows:
QLP = MIT Quick Look Pipeline (Huang+ 2020RNAAS...4..204H 2020RNAAS...4..204H &
2020RNAAS...4..206H 2020RNAAS...4..206H ; 154 occurrences)
CDIPS = Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey
(Bouma+ 2019, J/ApJS/245/13 ; 146 occurrences)
SPOC = Science Processing Operations Center (Jenkins+ 2016SPIE.9913E..3EJ ;
100 occurrences)
PATHOS = PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters
(Nardiello+ 2019, J/MNRAS/490/3806 ; 14 occurrences)
Note (2): Based on the M and Q light curve morphology values.
Note (3): Indicates whether the star was classified as a dipper variable in
previous investigations. Sources that are not classified as dippers
(those exhibiting predominately bursting or symmetric variability)
are exempt from this classification parameter.
Y = previously detected dipper;
N = not previously detected (new detection in this study);
Blank = source is not a dipper variable.
Note (4): As determined by the Sagitta neural network
(McBride+ 2020, J/AJ/162/282).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 29-Nov-2022