J/ApJS/264/24 WISE Green Objects massive YSOs in the Gal. plane (Zhang+, 2023)
WISE Green Objects (WGOs): the massive star candidates in the whole Galactic
plane (|b|<2°).
Zhang C., Zhang G.-Y., Li J.-Z., Yuan J.-H.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 264, 24 (2023)>
=2023ApJS..264...24Z 2023ApJS..264...24Z
ADC_Keywords: YSOs; Stars, masses; Stars, distances; Accretion; Infrared sources
Keywords: Star formation ; Massive stars ; Infrared sources ; Protostars
Abstract:
Massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) play a crucial role in star
formation. Given that MYSOs were previously identified based on the
extended structure and the observational data for them is limited,
screening the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) objects
showing green features (for the common coding of the 4.6µm band as
the green channel in three-color composite WISE images) will yield
more MYSO candidates. Using WISE images in the whole Galactic plane
(0°<l<360° and |b|<2°), we identified sources with strong
emissions at the 4.6µm band, then according to morphological
features divided them into three groups. We present a catalog of
2135 WISE Green Objects (WGOs). 264 WGOs have an extended structure.
1366 WGOs show compact green features but without extended structure.
505 WGOs have neither extended structure nor green features, but the
intensity at 4.6µm is numerically at least 4.5 times that of
3.4µm. According to the analysis of the coordinates of WGOs, we
find WGOs are mainly distributed in |l|<60°, coincident with the
position of the giant molecular clouds in |l|>60°. Matching
results with various masers show that those three groups of WGOs are
at different evolutionary stages. After crossmatching WGOs with
published YSO survey catalogs, we infer that ∼50% of WGOs are samples
of newly discovered YSOs. In addition, 1260 WGOs are associated with
Hi-GAL sources, according to physical parameters estimated by spectral
energy distribution fitting, of which 231 are classified as robust
MYSOs and 172 as candidate MYSOs.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 77 231 Robust massive young stellar objects
table3.dat 77 172 Candidate massive young stellar objects
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See also:
J/A+A/308/573 : Ammonia on YSOs IRAS sources (Molinari+ 1996)
J/A+A/434/613 : H2O maser survey of methanol maser sources (Szymczak+, 2005)
J/AJ/136/2391 : GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects catalog (Cyganowski+, 2008)
J/ApJ/702/1615 : CH3OH maser survey of EGOs (Cyganowski+, 2009)
J/ApJS/181/227 : Catalog of 24um sources toward Galactic Center (Hinz+, 2009)
J/ApJ/702/178 : YSOs in the central 400pc of the Galaxy (Yusef-Zadeh+, 2009)
J/ApJ/723/1019 : Galactic SFR and gas surface densities (Heiderman+, 2010)
J/ApJ/736/133 : Spitzer-IRS study of massive YSOs in Gal. center (An+, 2011)
J/ApJS/196/9 : 95GHz maser survey toward GLIMPSE EGOs (Chen+, 2011)
J/ApJ/756/60 : A 3mm line survey in 37 IR dark clouds (Sanhueza+, 2012)
J/ApJS/206/9 : New EGOs from Spitzer GLIMPSE II survey. I. (Chen+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/61 : Water maser & NH3 survey of GLIMPSE EGOs (Cyganowski+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/11 : Red MSX Source Survey: massive protostars (Lumsden+, 2013)
J/A+A/568/A41 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/443/1555 : ATLASGAL massive star forming clumps (Urquhart+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/458/3479 : SVM selection of WISE YSO Candidates (Marton+, 2016)
J/ApJ/824/29 : ATLASGAL clumps with IRAS flux & MALT90 (Stephens+, 2016)
J/A+A/620/A163 : Cores in California molecular cloud (Zhang+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/488/4638 : Infall & outflow on massive star-forming regions (Li+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/490/832 : Young stellar pop. of metal-poor NGC 6822 (Jones+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/500/3050 : SSEDIGISM-ATLASGAL in Galactic disc (Urquhart+, 2021)
J/ApJS/254/33 : Gal. midplane Spitzer/IRAC cand. YSOs (SPICY) (Kuhn+, 2021)
J/A+A/646/A74 : Distance of HiGAL sources (Mege+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/510/3389 : High-mass star formation evolution (Urquhart+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[23].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name based on Galactic coordinate
17- 19 A3 --- Group Group of WISE Green Objects (I, II or III);
See Section 3.1
21- 28 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude (1)
30- 36 F7.4 deg GLAT [-1.7/1.8] Galactic latitude (1)
38- 44 A7 --- Model Name of beat-fit model set from
Robitaille+ 2017A&A...600A..11R 2017A&A...600A..11R
46- 50 F5.2 Msun Mstar [0.9/15.8] Protostellar mass (2)
52- 57 F6.3 Msun e_Mstar [0/18.4] Uncertainty in Mstar (3)
59- 65 F7.3 10-4Msun/yr Mdot [0.28/503] Accretion rate (4)
67- 71 F5.2 kpc Dist [1.6/21.8] Distance (5)
73 A1 --- M Massive star threshold (6)
75 A1 --- H High mass star (7)
77 A1 --- Mas Class II methanol maser associated? (+=yes)
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Note (1): Galactic (l, b) position of the brightest 4.6um emission.
Note (2): Protostellar mass estimated according to the method provided
by Tout+ (1996MNRAS.281..257T 1996MNRAS.281..257T).
Note (3): Mass uncertainty obtained by error propagation.
Note (4): Accretion rate obtained from SED fitting
(Robitaille 2017A&A...600A..11R 2017A&A...600A..11R).
Note (5): Distance obtained from Elia+ 2021MNRAS.504.2742E 2021MNRAS.504.2742E
Note (6): Flag as follows:
+ = thresholds indicating whether a source can form massive stars,
≥870M☉R1.33
Note (7): High mass star if flag as follows:
+ = high-mass source, ≥1g/cm2
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 08-Mar-2023