J/ApJS/267/34 Distant Galactic star clusters from Gaia DR3 (He+, 2023)
Survey for distant stellar aggregates in the Galactic disk: detecting 2000 star
clusters and candidates, along with the dwarf galaxy IC 10.
He Z., Luo Y., Wang K., Ren A., Peng L., Cui Q., Liu X., Jiang Q.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 267, 34 (2023)>
=2023ApJS..267...34H 2023ApJS..267...34H
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, globular; Clusters, open; Milky Way; Radial velocities;
Proper motions; Colors; Optical
Keywords: Open star clusters ; Globular star clusters ; Dwarf galaxies ;
Milky Way Galaxy ; Gaia
Abstract:
Despite having data for over 109 stars from Gaia, less than
104 star clusters and candidates have been discovered. In
particular, distant star clusters are rarely identified, due to the
challenges posed by heavy extinction and great distance. However, Gaia
data has continued to improve, enabling even fainter cluster members
to be distinguished from field stars. In this work, we introduce a
star-cluster search method based on the DBSCAN algorithm; we have made
improvements to make it better suited for identifying clusters on
dimmer and more distant stars. After having removed member stars of
known Gaia-based clusters, we identified 2086 objects with
|b|<10°, of which 1488 are highly reliable open star clusters,
along with 569 candidates, 28 globular cluster candidates, and one
irregular galaxy (IC 10) at low Galactic latitudes. We found that the
proper motion of IC 10 is similar to, yet slightly different from, the
water maser observations, which is an important result for the
comparison with Gaia and the Very Long Baseline Array. When compared
with the star clusters appearing in Gaia Data Release (DR) 2/EDR3, we
found nearly 3 times as many new objects above a distance of 5kpc,
including hundreds of them above Av>5mag. This has enabled us to
detect a higher number of old clusters, over a billion years old, that
are difficult to detect due to observational limitations. Our findings
significantly expand the remote cluster sample and enhance our
understanding of the limits of Gaia DR3 data in stellar aggregates
research.
Objects:
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RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
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00 20 25.50 +59 17 16.9 IC 10 = LEDA 1305
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 167 2085 Derived astrophysical parameters for the
2085 clusters detected in this work
table2.dat 192 245235 The astrometric and photometric parameters of the
member stars from Gaia DR3
ic10mmb.dat 151 132 Gaia DR3 members of IC 10
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Description of file:
matchedhr23revision.txt.gz is the crossmatch of the 4114 reliable
open clusters within a 3σ range of HR23 (Hunt & Reffert
2023, J/A+A/673/A114) resulting in 232 clusters identified (matched
to 234 reported clusters in HR23).
See also:
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/ApJS/121/287 : The CfA2S catalog (Huchra+, 1999)
J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)
J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A59 : Gaia DR2 confirmed nearby open cl. (Castro-Ginard+, 2018)
J/A+A/624/A126 : Open clusters in Perseus direction (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2019)
J/A+A/627/A35 : Open clusters in Galactic anti-centre (Castro-Ginard+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/483/5508 : Three new Galactic star clusters (Ferreira+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & SFH of the MW (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/ApJ/870/32 : Kinematics in young star clusters & assoc. (Kuhn+, 2019)
J/ApJS/245/32 : Newly identified star clusters in Gaia DR2 (Liu+, 2019)
J/A+A/633/A99 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW. II (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/A+A/635/A45 : Open clusters in the Galactic disc (Castro-Ginard+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/496/2021 : New Galactic open clusters (Ferreira+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/279 : Untangling the Galaxy. II. within 3kpc (Kounkel+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/504/356 : Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters (Dias+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/502/L90 : Gaia DR2 Galactic bulge new star clusters (Ferreira+, 2021)
J/other/RAA/21.93 : 74 new open clusters found in Gaia DR2 (He+, 2021)
J/A+A/646/A104 : Improving the open cluster census. I. (Hunt+, 2021)
J/ApJ/923/129 : Membership for open clusters with Gaia DR2 (Jaehnig+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia EDR3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/505/5978 : Gaia EDR3 view on Gal. globular clusters (Vasiliev+, 2021)
J/A+A/661/A118 : New open clusters found with OCfinder (Castro-Ginard+, 2022)
J/A+A/668/A13 : Open clusters housing classical Cepheids (Hao+, 2022)
J/A+A/660/A4 : Gaia EDR3 new Galactic open clusters (Hao+, 2022)
J/ApJS/260/8 : 541 new open cluster candidates (He+, 2022)
J/ApJS/262/7 : 886 nearby star clusters (He+, 2022)
J/ApJS/259/19 : LISC cat. of star clusters. I. Gal. disk (Li+, 2022)
J/A+A/663/A131 : Parameters for 25 distant open clusters (Perren+, 2022)
J/ApJS/265/20 : Reliable open cluster candidates from Gaia EDR3 (Chi+, 2023)
J/ApJS/264/8 : 1656 new CWNU star clusters (He+, 2023)
J/A+A/673/A114 : Improving the open cluster census. II. (Hunt+, 2023)
J/ApJS/265/12 : Neighboring open clusters with Gaia DR3 (Qin+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 17 A17 --- Cl Cluster identifier
19- 26 F8.4 deg RAdeg Gaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016
28- 34 F7.3 deg e_RAdeg [0.003/267] Dispersion in RAdeg
36- 43 F8.4 deg DEdeg [-69/73] Gaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016
45- 49 F5.3 deg e_DEdeg [0.001/2] Dispersion in DEdeg
51- 58 F8.4 deg GLON Galactic longitude
60- 64 F5.3 deg e_GLON [0.001/2.1] Dispersion in GLON
66- 73 F8.4 deg GLAT [-13.7/10.1] Galactic latitude
75- 79 F5.3 deg e_GLAT [0/0.5] Dispersion in GLAT
81- 84 I4 --- Ns [20/1125] Number of member stars
86- 88 I3 --- Nc [2/327] Number of core member stars
90- 95 F6.3 mas plx [-0.09/1.9] Gaia DR3 parallax
97-101 F5.3 mas e_plx [0/0.2] Dispersion in plx
103-109 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-11.2/3.6] Gaia DR3 proper motion along RA
111-115 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.002/0.4] Dispersion in pmRA
117-122 F6.3 mas/yr pmDE [-9.4/6.5] Gaia DR3 proper motion along RA
124-128 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.002/0.4] Dispersion in pmDE
130-134 F5.2 mag m-M [9/21.6] Distance modulus
136-140 F5.2 mag A0 [0.05/12] Extinction at 550 nm
142-145 F4.1 [yr] logAge [6/10.1] log age
147-153 F7.2 km/s RVel [-279/844]? Radial velocity
155-160 F6.2 km/s e_RVel [0.01/276]? Dispersion in RVel
162-163 I2 --- o_RVel [0/42] Number of cores with RVel
165-167 A3 --- Type Cluster type (1)
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Note (1): Type as follows:
GCC = Globular cluster candidate; 28 occurrences
1 = Type 1: reliable open star cluster (Figures 3 and 4); 1488 occurrences
2 = Type 2: candidate cluster (Figure 5); 569 occurrences
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 identifier
21- 30 F10.6 deg RAdeg Gaia DR3 Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
32- 39 F8.6 deg e_RAdeg [0.005/2] Uncertainty in RAdeg
41- 50 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-69/73] Gaia DR3 Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016
52- 59 F8.6 deg e_DEdeg [0.005/2] Uncertainty in DEdeg
61- 70 F10.6 deg GLON Galactic longitude
72- 81 F10.6 deg GLAT [-14/10.5] Galactic latitude
83- 88 F6.3 --- RUWE [0.5/24.4] Gaia DR3 Renormalized Unit
Weight Error value
90- 97 F8.5 mas plx [-0.6/1.7] Gaia DR3 parallax
99-105 F7.5 mas e_plx [0.008/2.4] Uncertainty in plx
107-115 F9.5 mas/yr pmRA [-11.5/4.2] Gaia DR3 proper motion along RA
117-123 F7.5 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.005/2.5] Uncertainty in pmRA
125-132 F8.5 mas/yr pmDE [-9.8/7] Gaia DR3 proper motion along DE
134-140 F7.5 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.008/3] Uncertainty in pmDE
142-149 F8.3 km/s RVel [-650/844]? Gaia DR3 radial velocity
151-156 F6.3 km/s e_RVel [0.1/40]? Uncertainty in RVel
158-164 F7.4 mag Gmag [3.8/21] Mean Gaia DR3 G band apparent magnitude
166-172 F7.4 mag Bp-Rp [-1.6/7.7] Gaia DR3 (Blue-Red) passband color
174-174 I1 --- Core? [0/1] Core member flag (ifcore:
1=core member; 0=outer member)
176-192 A17 --- Cl Cluster identifier
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ic10mmb.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 I18 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 identifier
20- 27 F8.6 deg RAdeg [4.8/5.4] Right ascension (J2000)
29- 36 F8.6 deg e_RAdeg [0.04/0.8] RAdeg uncertainty
38- 46 F9.6 deg DEdeg [59/59.4] Declination (J2000)
48- 55 F8.6 deg e_DEdeg [0.05/0.7] DEdeg uncertainty
57- 66 F10.6 deg GLON [118.8/119.2] Galactic longitude
68- 76 F9.6 deg GLAT [-3.5/-3.2] Galactic latitude
78- 82 F5.3 --- RUWE [0.9/4] Gaia DR3 RUWE value
84- 91 F8.5 mas plx [-0.72/0.5] Gaia DR3 parallax
93- 99 F7.5 mas e_plx [0.06/1] Parallax uncertainty
101- 108 F8.5 mas/yr pmRA [-0.63/0.7] Gaia DR3 proper motion in RA
110- 116 F7.5 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.06/1] pmRA uncertainty
118- 125 F8.5 mas/yr pmDE [-0.71/1] Gaia DR3 proper motion in declination
127- 133 F7.5 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.06/1.1] pmDE uncertainty
135- 141 F7.4 mag Gmag [17/20.8] Gaia DR3 G-band magnitude
143- 149 F7.4 mag Bp-Rp [-0.52/3.5] Gaia DR3 Bp-Rp color index
151 I1 --- Core? [0/1] ifcore flag (1=core member;
0=outer member)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Nov-2023