J/ApJS/268/4 Stellar variability with TESS 2min cadence phot. (Fetherolf+, 2023)
Variability catalog of stars observed during the TESS prime mission.
Fetherolf T., Pepper J., Simpson E., Kane S.R., Mocnik T., English J.E.,
Antoci V., Huber D., Jenkins J.M., Stassun K., Twicken J.D.,
Vanderspek R., Winn J.N.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 268, 4 (2023)>
=2023ApJS..268....4F 2023ApJS..268....4F
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable; Photometry; Optical
Keywords: Periodic variable stars ; Light curves ; Time series analysis ;
Stellar activity ; Catalogs ; Hertzsprung Russell diagram
Abstract:
During its 2yr Prime Mission, TESS observed over 232000 stars at a
2min cadence across ∼70% of the sky. These data provide a record of
photometric variability across a range of astrophysically interesting
timescales, probing stellar rotation, stellar binarity, and
pulsations. We have analyzed the TESS 2 minute light curves to
identify periodic variability on timescales of 0.01-13days, and
explored the results across various stellar properties. We have
identified over 46000 periodic variables with high confidence, and
another 38000 with moderate confidence. These light curves show
differences in variability type across the Hertzsprung-Russell
diagram, with distinct groupings of rotational, eclipsing, and
pulsational variables. We also see interesting patterns across
period-luminosity space, with clear correlations between period and
luminosity for high-mass pulsators, evolved stars, and contact binary
systems, a discontinuity corresponding to the Kraft break, and a lower
occurrence of periodic variability in main-sequence stars on
timescales of 1.5-2 days. The variable stars identified in this work
are cross-identified with several other variability catalogs, from
which we find good agreement between the measured periods of
variability. There are ∼65000 variable stars that are newly identified
in this work, which includes the rotation rates of low-mass stars,
high-frequency pulsation periods for high-mass stars, and a variety of
giant star variability.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 257 68497 Light curve fitting and stellar properties of
single-sinusoidal variables
table2.dat 421 10887 Light curve fitting and stellar properties of
double-sinusoidal variables
table3.dat 184 4662 Light curve fitting and stellar properties of
autocorrelation function (ACF) variables
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See also:
II/264 : ASAS Variable Stars in Southern hemisphere (Pojmanski+, 2002-2005)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
II/366 : ASAS-SN catalog of variable stars (Jayasinghe+, 2018-2020)
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
J/A+A/327/1039 : Structure and evolution of low-mass stars (Chabrier+ 1997)
J/AJ/128/1761 : HATNET variability survey (Hartman+, 2004)
J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with rot. periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)
J/ApJ/776/67 : Rotational tracks (van Saders+, 2013)
J/ApJ/801/79 : 10yr of GJ176 RVels & VR phot. (Robertson+, 2015)
J/A+A/600/A13 : HARPS M dwarf magnetic activity (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/117 : KOIs companions from high-resolution imaging (Hirsch+, 2017)
J/ApJ/834/85 : Hα emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)
J/A+A/616/A10 : Open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diagrams (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/AJ/156/241 : A first cat. of var. stars measured by ATLAS (Heinze+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/39 : Var. properties of TIC sources with KELT (Oelkers+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Cat. and Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/490/4040 : δScuti & γDoradus stars in TESS (Antoci+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A110 : Gaia DR2. Variable stars in CMD (Gaia Collaboration+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/485/2380 : Gaia-derived luminosities of Kepler stars (Murphy+, 2019)
J/ApJ/886/152 : ZTF early observations of Type Ia SNe. I. LCs (Yao+, 2019)
J/ApJS/249/18 : The ZTF catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/60 : Flares from 1228 stars in TESS sec. 1 & 2 (Gunther+, 2020)
J/A+A/639/A35 : RV jitter & phot. var. correlation (Hojjatpanah+, 2020)
J/ApJ/902/115 : EvryFlare. III. Evryscope & TESS (Howard+, 2020)
J/ApJ/895/140 : EvryFlare. II. Cool flare stars (Howard+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/498/1726 : Transiting planets around MS stars in TESS (Montalto+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/493/1388 : Asteroseism. of luminous red giants with Kepler (Yu+, 2020)
J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet cand. from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)
J/ApJ/919/131 : Oscillating red giants from the TESS QLP (Hon+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/502/1299 : SuperWASP variable stars (Thiemann+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/513/420 : NGTS Variability Study (Briegal+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/137 : Untangling the Galaxy. IV. TESS (Kounkel+, 2022)
J/ApJS/258/16 : TESS Eclipsing Binary stars. I. Sectors 1-26 (Prsa+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 I10 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog object identifier
12- 15 A4 --- Sec TESS Sector number (G1)
17- 25 F9.6 d Pvar [0.01/13] Measured photometric variability
Period
27- 35 E9.3 d e_Pvar [2e-6/8.3] Uncertainty in Pvar
37- 45 E9.3 ppm Amp [10.5/4388000] Flux amplitude of
photometric variability
47- 53 E7.1 ppm e_Amp [0.2/12000] Uncertainty in Amp
55- 61 F7.2 d T0 [1325/2021.1] Time offset for sinusoidal
fit to photometric variability
63- 71 E9.3 d e_T0 [1e-6/0.5]?=0 Uncertainty in T0
73- 80 E8.1 ppm OffSet [-120000/47000] Average flux offset of
light curve
82- 86 F5.3 --- Power [0.01/1] Normalized Lomb-Scargle
periodogram power
88- 94 E7.1 ppm RMS-No [57/4600000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve relative to average flux
96- 102 E7.1 ppm RMS-line [57/4600000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve with linear function fit
104- 110 E7.1 ppm RMS-sin [55/3400000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve with sinusoidal function
112- 118 E7.1 ppm bRMS-No [11/3600000] Binned Root-Mean-Square of
light curve relative to average flux
120- 126 E7.1 ppm bRMS-sin [4.6/1400000] Binned Root-Mean-Square of
light curve with sinusoidal function
128- 138 F11.2 --- Chi2-no [0.09/24563082] Reduced chi-squared
statistic relative to average flux
140- 150 F11.2 --- Chi2-line [0.09/24567782] Reduced chi-squared
statistic relative to linear function fit
152- 162 F11.2 --- Chi2-sin [0.08/17463518] Model Reduced chi-squared
statistic relative to sinusoidal function
164- 173 F10.2 --- bChi2-no [0.7/1244560] Reduced chi-squared statistic
relative to binned average flux
175- 183 F9.2 --- bChi2-sin [0.2/104592] Reduced chi-squared statistic
relative to binned sinusoidal function
185- 189 F5.3 --- Thrust-med [0.004/0.5] Median timing of spacecraft
thruster firings (G2)
191- 195 F5.3 --- Thrust-std [0.003/0.3] Standard deviation timing of
spacecraft thruster firings (G2)
197- 204 E8.1 --- Slope [-16000/34000] Slope of linear function fit
to light curve
206- 210 F5.2 mag Tmag [-0.3/14] TESS apparent magnitude (G3)
212- 216 I5 K Teff [2755/62000]?=0 Stellar effective
temperature (G3)
218- 224 F7.2 Rsun Rs [0.1/1482]?=0 Stellar radius (G3)
226- 235 F10.2 Lsun Ls [0.01/1661482]?=0 Stellar luminosity;
calculated from Teff and Rs
237- 246 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
248- 257 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 I10 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog object identifier
12- 15 A4 --- Sec TESS Sector number (G1)
17- 25 F9.6 d P1 [0.013/13] Variability period from 1st
power peak
27- 35 F9.6 d P2 [0.012/13] Variability period from 2nd
power peak
37- 46 E10.4 d e_P1 [3e-6/4.5] Uncertainty in P1
48- 57 E10.4 d e_P2 [2e-6/12] Uncertainty in P2
59- 68 E10.4 ppm A1 [112/3327700] Flux amplitude from 1st
power peak
70- 80 E11.5 ppm A2 [78/2020200] Flux amplitude from 2nd power
peak
82- 88 E7.1 ppm e_A1 [0.2/19000] Uncertainty in A1
90- 96 E7.1 ppm e_A2 [0.2/19000] Uncertainty in A2
98- 104 F7.2 d T01 [1325/2021] Time offset for sinusoidal fit
to highest power peak
106- 112 F7.2 d T02 [1325/2021] Time offset for sinusoidal fit
to 2nd power peak
114- 122 E9.3 d e_T01 [1e-6/0.03]?=0 Uncertainty in T01
124- 132 E9.3 d e_T02 [1e-6/0.04]?=0 Uncertainty in T02
134- 142 E9.3 ppm OffSet1 [-100/100] Average flux offset from 1st
power peak
144- 152 E9.3 ppm OffSet2 [-100/100] Average flux offset from 2nd
power peak
154- 158 F5.3 --- Power1 [0.14/1] Normalized Lomb-Scargle
periodogram highest peak power
160- 164 F5.3 --- Power2 [0.1/0.8] Normalized Lomb-Scargle
periodogram 2nd peak power
166- 172 E7.1 ppm RMS-No1 [120/3400000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve from 1st power peak relative to
average flux
174- 180 E7.1 ppm RMS-No2 [100/2800000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve from 2nd power peak relative to
average flux
182- 188 E7.1 ppm RMS-line1 [130/3700000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve from 1st power peak with linear
function fit
190- 196 E7.1 ppm RMS-line2 [130/3700000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve from 2nd power peak with linear
function fit
198- 204 E7.1 ppm RMS-sin1 [84/2400000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve from 1st power peak with sinusoidal
function
206- 212 E7.1 ppm RMS-sin2 [84/2400000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve from 2nd power peak with sinusoidal
function
214- 220 E7.1 ppm bRMS-No1 [80/2500000] Binned Root-Mean-Square of
light curve from 1st power peak relative
to average flux
222- 228 E7.1 ppm bRMS-No2 [56/1700000] Binned Root-Mean-Square of
light curve from 2nd power peak relative
to average flux
230- 236 E7.1 ppm bRMS-sin1 [7.5/820000] Binned Root-Mean-Square of
light curve from 1st power peak relative
with sinusoidal function
238- 244 E7.1 ppm bRMS-sin2 [9.4/820000] Binned Root-Mean-Square of
light curve from 2nd power peak relative
with sinusoidal function
246- 255 F10.2 --- Chi2-no1 [1.5/1634032] Reduced chi-squared
statistic from 1st power peak relative to
average flux
257- 266 F10.2 --- Chi2-no2 [1.5/1166144] Reduced chi-squared
statistic from 2nd power peak relative to
average flux
268- 277 F10.2 --- Chi2-line1 [1.6/1611915] Reduced chi-squared
statistic from 1st power peak with linear
function fit
279- 288 F10.2 --- Chi2-line2 [1.6/1611915] Reduced chi-squared
statistic from 2nd power peak with linear
function fit
290- 298 F9.2 --- Chi2-sin1 [0.5/829848] Reduced chi-squared statistic
from 1st power peak relative with
sinusoidal function
300- 308 F9.2 --- Chi2-sin2 [0.5/829848] Reduced chi-squared statistic
from 2nd power peak relative with
sinusoidal function
310- 318 F9.2 --- bChi2-no1 [32.8/753622] Binned reduced chi-squared
statistic from 1st power peak relative to
binned average flux
320- 327 F8.2 --- bChi2-no2 [31.4/37394] Binned reduced chi-squared
statistic from 2nd power peak relative to
binned average flux
329- 336 F8.2 --- bChi2-sin1 [0.4/57968] Binned reduced chi-squared
statistic from 1st power peak with
sinusoidal function
338- 345 F8.2 --- bChi2-sin2 [0.4/22921] Binned reduced chi-squared
statistic from 2nd power peak with
sinusoidal function
347- 351 F5.3 --- Thrust-med1 [0.008/0.5] Median timing from 1st power
peak of spacecraft thruster firings (G2)
353- 357 F5.3 --- Thrust-med2 [0.003/0.5] Median timing from 2nd power
peak of spacecraft thruster firings (G2)
359- 363 F5.3 --- Thrust-std1 [0.007/0.3] Standard deviation timing from
1st power peak of spacecraft thruster
firings (G2)
365- 369 F5.3 --- Thrust-std2 [0.005/0.3] Standard deviation timing from
2nd power peak of spacecraft thruster
firings (G2)
371- 375 F5.2 mag Tmag [1.3/14] Tmag TESS apparent magnitude (G3)
377- 381 I5 K Teff [2877/22000]?=0 Stellar effective
temperature (G3)
383- 389 F7.2 Rsun Rs [0.1/1503]?=0 Stellar radius (G3)
391- 399 F9.2 Lsun Ls [0.01/407043]?=0 Stellar luminosity;
calculated from Teff and Rs
401- 410 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
412- 421 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 I10 --- TIC [52357/2045772593] TESS Input Catalog
object identifier
12- 15 A4 --- Sec TESS Sector number (G1)
17- 25 F9.6 d Pvar [0.079/11] Measured photometric variability
Period
27- 35 E9.3 d e_Pvar [6.5e-5/2.373] Uncertainty in Pvar
37- 47 E11.5 ppm Amp [789/3293090] Flux amplitude of photometric
variability
49- 55 E7.1 ppm e_Amp [21/38000] Uncertainty in Amp
57- 60 I4 d T0 [1325/2019] Time offset for sinusoidal fit
to photometric variability
62- 66 F5.3 --- Corr [0.5/1] Correlation
68- 74 E7.1 ppm RMS-No [570/1000000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve relative to average flux
76- 82 E7.1 ppm RMS-line [570/1000000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve with linear function fit
84- 90 E7.1 ppm RMS-sin [130/240000] Root-Mean-Square of light
curve with sinusoidal function
92- 101 F10.2 --- Chi2-no [100/4229303] Reduced chi-squared statistic
relative to average flux
103- 112 F10.2 --- Chi2-line [95/4136098] Reduced chi-squared statistic
relative to linear function fit
114- 122 F9.2 --- Chi2-sin [0.2/962155] Model Reduced chi-squared
statistic relative to sinusoidal function
124- 128 F5.3 --- Thrust-med [0.01/0.5] Median timing of spacecraft
thruster firings (G2)
130- 134 F5.3 --- Thrust-std [0.009/0.3] Standard deviation timing of
spacecraft thruster firings (G2)
136- 140 F5.2 mag Tmag [0.9/14] TESS apparent magnitude (G3)
142- 146 I5 K Teff [3003/34000]?=0 Stellar effective
temperature (G3)
148- 153 F6.2 Rsun Rs [0.1/176]?=0 Stellar radius (G3)
155- 162 F8.2 Lsun Ls [0.01/83340]?=0 Stellar luminosity;
calculated from Teff and Rs
164- 173 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
175- 184 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): From which this variability analysis is extracted; sp indicates the
short-period periodogram search (0.01-1.5d) was preferred.
Note (G2): Relative to the phase of the measured photometric variability.
Note (G3): Taken from the TICv8 catalog (Stassun+ 2018, J/AJ/156/102 and
2019, Cat. IV/38).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 17-Nov-2023