J/ApJS/271/16 Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass survey. IV. (Dalba+, 2024)
Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) survey.
IV. Long-term Doppler spectroscopy for 11 stars thought to host cool giant
exoplanets.
Dalba P.A., Kane S.R., Isaacson H., Fulton B., Howard A.W.,
Schwieterman E.W., Thorngren D.P., Fortney J., Vowell N., Beard C.,
Blunt S., Brinkman C.L., Chontos A., Dai F., Giacalone S., Hill M.L.,
Kosiarek M., Lubin J., Mayo A.W., Mocnik T., Akana Murphy J.M.,
Petigura E.A., Rice M., Rubenzahl R.A., Van Zandt J., Weiss L.M.,
Dragomir D., Kipping D., Payne M.J., Roy A., Teachey A., Villanueva S.J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 271, 16 (2024)>
=2024ApJS..271...16D 2024ApJS..271...16D
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Exoplanets; Radial velocities;
Spectra, optical
Keywords: Extrasolar gaseous giant planets ; Transits ; Radial velocity ;
Transit timing variation method ; Exoplanet astronomy
Abstract:
Discovering and characterizing exoplanets at the outer edge of the
transit method's sensitivity has proven challenging owing to geometric
biases and the practical difficulties associated with acquiring long
observational baselines. Nonetheless, a sample of giant exoplanets on
orbits longer than 100 days has been identified by transit hunting
missions. We present long-term Doppler spectroscopy for 11 such
systems with observation baselines spanning a few years to a decade.
We model these radial velocity observations jointly with transit
photometry to provide initial characterizations of these objects and
the systems in which they exist. Specifically, we make new precise
mass measurements for four long-period giant exoplanets (Kepler-111c,
Kepler-553c, Kepler-849b, and PH-2b), we place new upper limits on
mass for four others (Kepler-421b, KOI-1431.01, Kepler-1513b, and
Kepler-952b), and we show that several confirmed planets are in fact
not planetary at all. We present these findings to complement similar
efforts focused on closer-in short-period giant planets, and with the
hope of inspiring future dedicated studies of cool giant exoplanets.
Description:
For all systems except TOI-2180, we accessed the Kepler spacecraft
photometry from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST).
See Section 2.1.
We made use of photometric observations from TESS for one target:
TOI-2180 b. See Section 2.2.
The High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) on the Keck I
telescope has a rich history of making stable RV measurements of
exoplanet host stars over decades long timescales. We made use of this
facility's ability and achieved RV baselines ranging from a few years
to a decade for all of our systems. See Section 2.3.
We collected five spectra for Kepler-1513 using the NEID spectrograph
on the 3.5m WIYN telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory. See Section 2.4.
We collected numerous new RV observations of TOI-2180 using the Levy
spectrograph at the 2.4m Automated Planet Finder (APF) telescope at
Lick Observatory. See Section 2.5.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
stars.dat 23 11 List of the 10 Kepler and 1 TESS planet host stars;
table added by CDS
table1.dat 64 135 RV measurements of 10 Kepler planet hosting stars
from Keck-HIRES
table2.dat 50 152 RV measurements of TOI-2180 from Keck-HIRES
and APF-Levy
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See also:
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
J/ApJS/152/261 : Chromospheric CaII emission in nearby stars (Wright+, 2004)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)
J/AJ/151/89 : Spectroscopy and photometry of HATS-17 (Brahm+, 2016)
J/ApJS/225/9 : Kepler TTVs. IX. Full long-cadence set (Holczer+, 2016)
J/A+A/590/A112 : Kepler-539 CAFE radial velocities (Mancini+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive prob. for Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)
J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metallicities for giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius of planets, moons, LM stars (Chen+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. (Petigura+, 2017)
J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planet cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)
J/other/RAA/19.41 : TTVs & linear ephemerides of Kepler exopl. (Gajdos+, 2019)
J/ApJ/874/L31 : Giant planet bulk & atm. metallicities (Thorngren+, 2019)
J/AJ/163/61 : TESS-Keck Survey. VIII. TOI-2180 RVel (Dalba+, 2022)
J/ApJS/265/50 : Low-mass companions to KOIs with APOGEE (Canas+, 2023)
J/AJ/166/239 : "GOT 'EM" Survey. III. TOI-2010 (Mann+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: stars.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC [4150804/12735740]? Kepler Input Catalog ID
10- 13 I4 --- KOI [139/3678]? Kepler Object of Interest ID
15- 18 I4 --- Kepler [86/1513]? Kepler Planet system identifier
20- 23 I4 --- TOI [2180]? TESS Object of Interest ID
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC [4150804/12735740] Kepler Input Catalog ID
10- 13 I4 --- KOI [139/3678]? Kepler Object of Interest ID
15- 18 I4 --- Kepler [86/1513]? Kepler Planet system identifier
20- 33 F14.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian Date at TDB
35- 41 F7.1 m.s-1 RVel [-1648/6066] Relative Radial Velocity (1)
43- 46 F4.1 m.s-1 e_RVel [2/13] Uncertainty in RVel
48- 52 F5.3 --- SHK [0.084/0.611]? Mount Wilson SHK activity
index
54- 58 F5.3 --- e_SHK [0.001]? Uncertainty in SHK
60- 64 A5 --- Template Template (2)
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Note (1): These values are relative radial velocities. A systematic velocity
offset has been removed.
Note (2): "Self" indicates that a template of the same host star was
used to generate the RVs. "Match" indicates that a best match
template was used and future modeling effort with these RVs should
include a jitter term (see Section 2.3).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 F14.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian Date at TDB
16- 21 F6.1 m/s RVel [-146/143] Radial velocity (1)
23- 25 F3.1 m/s e_RVel [1/6] Uncertainty in RV
27- 31 F5.3 --- SHK [0.1/0.26]? Mount Wilson SHK activity index (2)
33- 37 F5.3 --- e_SHK [0.001/0.002]? Uncertainty in SHK
39- 48 A10 --- Tel Telescope ("APF-Levy": 133 occurrences or
"Keck-HIRES": 19 occurrences)
50- 50 A1 --- New New measurement (3)
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Note (1): These values are relative radial velocities. A systematic velocity
offset has been removed.
Note (2): The SHK values from APF and Keck data have different zeropoints.
Note (3): We reprocessed the entire Keck-HIRES and APF-Levy data sets
for this star and therefore publish all of the RVs together.
However, "N" denotes a measurement originally published by
Dalba+ 2022, J/AJ/163/61) while "Y" denotes a previously unpublished
measurement.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Dalba et al. Paper I. 2021AJ....161..103D 2021AJ....161..103D
Dalba et al. Paper II. 2021AJ....162..154D 2021AJ....162..154D
Mann et al. Paper III. 2023AJ....166..239M 2023AJ....166..239M Cat. J/AJ/166/239
Dalba et al. Paper IV. 2024ApJS..271...16D 2024ApJS..271...16D This catalog
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Apr-2024