J/ApJS/271/52 Deep u'g'r' obs. of galaxies in A262 & A1656 (Zoller+, 2024)
Ultradiffuse galaxies-A distinct population? Dwarf galaxies in the Coma cluster
and A262 from deep u'-g'-r' Wendelstein imaging data.
Zoller R., Kluge M., Staiger B., Bender R.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 271, 52 (2024)>
=2024ApJS..271...52Z 2024ApJS..271...52Z
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, photometry; Magnitudes, absolute; Colors; Optical;
Galaxies, radius; Photometry, surface; Morphology;
Galaxies, dwarf; Clusters, galaxy
Keywords: Galaxy photometry ; Low surface brightness galaxies ; Dwarf galaxies ;
Dwarf spheroidal galaxies ; Galaxies ; Galaxy structure ;
Galaxy evolution ; Galaxy clusters ; Coma Cluster ;
Extragalactic astronomy ; Abell clusters
Abstract:
In this study, we compare the structural parameters of ultradiffuse
galaxies (UDGs) to those of other dwarf galaxies and investigate
whether UDGs form a distinct population. We observed deep u'-, g'-,
and r'-band images (maximum limiting surface brightness [3σ,
10"x10"] u' and g': ∼30mag/arcsec2; r': ∼29mag/arcsec2) of A1656
(Coma cluster) and A262 with the Wendelstein Wide Field Imager at the
2.1m Fraunhofer Wendelstein Telescope at the Wendelstein Observatory.
We measure u'-g' and g'-r' colors and structural parameters using
parametric fitting of tens of thousands of potential UDGs and other
dwarf galaxies. Cluster members are identified and separated from
diffuse background galaxies based on red sequence membership and
location in the u'-g' versus g'-r' color-color diagram. We find
11 UDGs in A262 and 48 UDGs in A1656. The latter is 6 times more than
van Dokkum+ 2015ApJ...798L..45V 2015ApJ...798L..45V found in the overlapping region. By
comparing the structural parameters of UDGs to non-UDGs in our sample
and to spheroidals from the literature, we do not find any separation
in all tested parameter spaces. Instead, UDGs form the diffuse end of
the already well-known spheroidal population and slightly extend it.
Furthermore, we find that the UDG definition used by
Koda+ 2015ApJ...807L...2K 2015ApJ...807L...2K and Yagi+ 2016, J/ApJS/225/11 mainly extends
the definition by van Dokkum et al. toward ordinary spheroidals.
Description:
Our observations have been carried out with the 2.1m Fraunhofer
Wendelstein Telescope using the Wendelstein Wide Field Imager.
Both chosen clusters (A1656 and A262) are part of the sample from
Kluge+ (2020PhDT........30K 2020PhDT........30K & 2021, J/ApJS/252/27). For our study, we
use their imaging data for A1656 (∼4-5hr in g') and A262 (∼8hr in u',
∼4-5hr in g', ∼1hr in r') plus new observations in the u' and r' bands.
Furthermore, we observed a reference field to investigate the sample
contamination by interloping galaxies. For this, we chose a pointing
around the lensed quasar SDSSJ1433+6007 as we already had deep g'-band
data available for the time-delay cosmography studies of this quasar
(Queirolo+ 2023arXiv231209311Q 2023arXiv231209311Q). The pointing is centered at
RAJ2000=14:32:29.41,DEJ2000=60:12:26.82.
Throughout this paper, we use the cosmology calculator by
Wright (2006PASP..118.1711W 2006PASP..118.1711W) assuming a flat universe,
H0=69.6km/s/Mpc, and Ωm=0.286 to calculate physical scales
and distance moduli. For A262, this gives a physical scale of and a
distance modulus of 34.25mag, and for A1656 a physical scale of and a
distance modulus of 35.03mag.
Overall, we found and successfully measured the structural parameters
of 185 dwarf galaxy cluster members in A262 and 899 in A1656. Among
these, we found 11 ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in A262 and 48 UDGs in
A1656.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
01 52 50.40 +36 08 45.9 Abell 262 = ACO 262
12 59 44.40 +27 54 44.8 Coma cluster = ACO 1656
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 122 31555 SExtractor catalog for Abell 262
table5.dat 122 45163 SExtractor catalog for Abell 1656
table6.dat 122 9824 SExtractor catalog for the reference field
analyzed for Abell 262
table7.dat 122 11488 SExtractor catalog for the reference field
analyzed for Abell 1656
table8.dat 242 185 Final catalog for Abell 262
table9.dat 242 899 Final catalog for Abell 1656
table10.dat 242 11 Final catalog for the reference field analyzed
for Abell 262
table11.dat 242 33 Final catalog for the reference field analyzed
for Abell 1656
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
J/ApJS/121/287 : The CfA2S catalog (Huchra+, 1999)
J/A+A/430/411 : B-band photometry of ellipticals in Virgo (Gavazzi+, 2005)
J/AJ/130/873 : Properties of BQS objects in the SDSS DR3 area (Jester+, 2005)
J/ApJS/164/334 : ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VI (Ferrarese+, 2006)
J/AJ/136/773 : Structure of classical bulges and pseudobulges (Fisher+, 2008)
J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)
J/ApJ/772/82 : A catalog of globular cluster systems (Harris+, 2013)
J/ApJS/225/11 : Subaru-UDGs in the Coma cluster (Yagi+, 2016)
J/ApJS/247/43 : WWFI g'-band obs. of bright cluster galaxies (Kluge+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/493/87 : 1005 galaxies with z<0.09 sample (Trujillo+, 2020)
J/ApJS/252/27 : WWFI g'-band obs. of bright galaxy clusters (Kluge+, 2021)
J/ApJS/267/41 : Ellipticals & brightest cluster galaxies param. (Kluge+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[4-7].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [1/45163] Galaxy identifier
7- 17 F11.7 deg RAdeg [27.7/218.6] Right Ascension (J2000)
19- 28 F10.7 deg DEdeg [27.6/60.5] Declination (J2000)
30- 34 F5.2 mag gmagAp [15.7/34.5]?=99 g'-band aperture magnitude
36- 40 F5.2 mag gmagAu [13.5/31]?=99 g'-band Kron-like elliptical
aperture magnitude
42- 46 F5.2 mag umagAp [17.4/36]?=99 u'-band aperture magnitude
48- 52 F5.2 mag umagAu [15.2/38.4]?=99 u'-band Kron-like elliptical
aperture magnitude
54- 58 F5.2 mag rmagAp [15.2/35.5]?=99 r'-band aperture magnitude
60- 64 F5.2 mag rmagAu [12.7/33]?=99 r'-band Kron-like elliptical
aperture magnitude
66- 70 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mumax [15.6/27.3] g'-band Peak surface
brightness above background
72- 76 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mueff [4.3/99] g'-band Effective model surface
brightness above background
78- 82 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 mumean [3.8/57.4] g'-band Peak surface
brightness above background
84- 88 F5.2 --- n [0.3/10] Spheroid Sersic index from fitting
90- 95 F6.2 arcsec Re [-26.3/22] Directly integrated
half-light radius
97- 101 F5.2 arcsec FWHM [0/48] FWHM assuming a gaussian core
103- 107 F5.2 --- a/b [1/13] Elongation
109- 114 F6.2 deg theta [-90/90] Position angle
116- 119 F4.2 --- Class [0/1] S/G classifier output
(0=galaxy; 1=star)
121- 122 I2 --- Flag [0/19] Extraction flag (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Extraction flag as follows:
0 = no warnings
1 = aperture photometry is likely to be biased by neighboring sources
or by more than 10% of bad pixels in any aperture
2 = the object has been deblended
3 = aperture photometry is likely to be biased by neighboring sources or
by more than 10% of bad pixels in any aperture and the object
has been deblended
16 = at least one photometric aperture is incomplete or corrupted
(hitting buffer or memory limits)
17 = aperture photometry is likely to be biased by neighboring sources or
by more than 10% of bad pixels in any aperture and at least one
photometric aperture is incomplete or corrupted (hitting buffer or
memory limits)
18 = the object has been deblended and at least one photometric aperture
is incomplete or corrupted (hitting buffer or memory limits)
19 = aperture photometry is likely to be biased by neighboring sources or
by more than 10% of bad pixels in any aperture, the object has been
deblended, and at least one photometric aperture is incomplete or
corrupted (hitting buffer or memory limits)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[89].dat table1[01].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [2/45157] Galaxy identifier
7- 17 F11.7 deg RAdeg [27.7/218.5] Right Ascension (J2000)
19- 28 F10.7 deg DEdeg [27.6/60.5] Declination (J2000)
30- 36 F7.4 mag gmag [16.5/23.7] Apparent g'-band magnitude
38- 43 F6.4 mag e_gmag [0.0001/0.4] Uncertainty in gmag
45- 52 F8.4 mag gMag [-18.4/-10.6] Absolute g'-band magnitude
54- 59 F6.4 mag e_gMag [0.0001/0.4] Uncertainty in gMag
61- 66 F6.2 mag VMag [-18.8/-10.9] Absolute V-band magnitude
68- 71 F4.2 mag e_VMag [0.01/0.4] Uncertainty in VMag
73- 79 F7.3 mag BMag [-18/-10.2] Absolute B-band magnitude
81- 85 F5.3 mag e_BMag [0.001/0.4] Uncertainty in BMag
87- 91 F5.3 mag u-g [0.75/2.43] The (u'-g') color
93- 97 F5.3 mag e_u-g [0.002/0.2] Uncertainty in u-g
99- 103 F5.3 mag g-r [0.25/0.7] The (g'-r') color
105- 109 F5.3 mag e_g-r [0.001/0.2] Uncertainty in g-r
111- 115 F5.3 mag u-r [1/3.1] The (u'-r') color
117- 121 F5.3 mag e_u-r [0.002/0.3] Uncertainty in u-r
123- 129 F7.4 mag/arcsec2 mumean [20.94/27.2] Mean surface brightness
131- 136 F6.4 mag/arcsec2 e_mumean [0.0002/1.2] Uncertainty in mumean
138- 143 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 gmue [21.9/28.1] g'-band surface brightness at
Re
145- 149 F5.3 mag/arcsec2 e_gmue [0.002/1] Uncertainty in gmue
151- 155 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 Vmue [21.5/28] V band surface brightness at Re
157- 160 F4.2 mag/arcsec2 e_Vmue [0.01/0.9] Uncertainty in Vmue
162- 167 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 gmu0 [8.99/26.21] Central surface brightness
g'-band
169- 173 F5.3 mag/arcsec2 e_gmu0 [0.002/1] Uncertainty in gmu0
175- 179 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 Bmu0 [9.59/26.71] Central surface brightness
B'-band
181- 184 F4.2 mag/arcsec2 e_Bmu0 [0.03/1] Uncertainty in Bmu0
186- 190 F5.3 --- n [0.12/7.5] Sersic index
192- 196 F5.3 --- e_n [0/0.8] Uncertainty in n
198- 203 F6.4 kpc Re [0.36/5.55] Half-light radius
205- 210 F6.4 kpc e_Re [0/1.1] Uncertainty in Re
212- 217 F6.4 --- b/a [0.1/1] Axis ratio
219- 224 F6.4 --- e_b/a [0/0.2] Uncertainty in b/a
226- 233 F8.4 deg PA [-89.8/90] Position angle; measured East
of North
235- 242 F8.4 deg e_PA [0.0002/755] Uncertainty in PA
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 07-May-2024