J/ApJS/276/22 Kinematics of YSOs from Gaia DR3 and APOGEE (Yang+, 2025)
Kinematics of young stellar objects under various stellar feedback.
Yang L., Liu D., Hao C., Lin Z., Li Y., Dong Y., Lu Z.-J., Liang E.-W.,
Xu Y.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 276, 22 (2025)>
=2025ApJS..276...22Y 2025ApJS..276...22Y
ADC_Keywords: YSOs; Molecular clouds; Radial velocities; Space velocities;
Proper motions; Parallaxes, trigonometric; Stars, masses;
Spectral types; Optical
Keywords: Young stellar objects ; Molecular clouds ; Stellar kinematics
Abstract:
Based on the Gaia Data Release 3 and APOGEE data sets, we investigate
the kinematic differences between young stellar objects (YSOs) and
their parent clouds in five nearby star-forming regions. Overall, the
one-dimensional velocity differences between Class II YSOs and their
parent molecular cloud range from [0,1.4]km/s. In feedback
environments dominated by outflows, massive stars, and supernova
feedback, the corresponding velocity differences range from [0,1.4],
[0.1,0.4], and [0.1,1]km/s, respectively. These results indicate that
YSO kinematics are not significantly affected by these different types
of feedback environments. Additionally, compared to the Class II YSOs,
Class III YSOs have slightly larger velocities and dispersions.
Description:
We used 12CO(1-0) data from a Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics (CfA) survey (Dame+ 2001ApJ...547..792D 2001ApJ...547..792D) to study the
kinematics of the molecular clouds within 500pc of the Sun, including
Orion A, Orion B, Perseus, Taurus, and λ Orionis.
See Section 2.1.
YSOs at different evolutionary stages were collected from 55 previous
studies (see Section 2.2).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 480 1034 Final YSO samples for each subregion
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)
J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)
J/AJ/123/387 : VRI phot. of λ Ori star-forming region (Dolan+, 2002)
J/ApJ/578/914 : Low-mass stars in Taurus (Hartmann, 2002)
J/A+A/403/1095 : 6.7GHz methanol masers survey of low-mass YSO (Minier+, 2003)
J/ApJ/664/481 : Opt/IR photometry of Collinder 69 (Barrado y Navascues+ 2007)
J/AJ/134/411 : Properties of IC 348 members (Muench+, 2007)
J/AJ/135/966 : Circumstellar disk evolution in NGC 2068/71 (Flaherty+, 2008)
J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)
J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)
J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)
J/A+A/526/A21 : Collinder 69 X-ray sources (Barrado+, 2011)
J/A+A/536/A63 : Collinder 69 very low mass stars & brown dwarfs (Bayo+, 2011)
J/A+A/547/A80 : Properties of Collinder 69 low-mass members (Bayo+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/31 : Spitzer+2MASS phot. of protostar candidates (Kryukova+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A and B. I. YSO cat. (Megeath+, 2012)
J/A+A/537/A135 : X-ray view of IC348 (Stelzer+, 2012)
J/PASP/125/477 : Gas Survey of Protoplanetary Systems. I. (Dent+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/5 : YSOs in LDN 1641 with Hectochelle spectra (Fang+, 2013)
J/ApJ/769/149 : IR spectroscopy in Orion A: transitional disks (Kim+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/99 : X-ray survey of YSOs in Orion A (Pillitteri+, 2013)
J/ApJ/774/22 : CO observations of YSOs in NGC 1333 (Plunkett+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/444/1157 : Members of ONC and Tau-Aur (Davies+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A45 : Orion optical-depth and column-density maps (Lombardi+, 2014)
J/ApJS/220/11 : SEDs of Spitzer YSOs in the Gould Belt (Dunham+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/100 : WISE YSO cand. near σ and λ Ori (Koenig+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/20 : Outflows and bubbles in Taurus (Li+, 2015)
J/A+A/581/A140 : VISTA Orion mini-survey (Spezzi+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/40 : The Spitzer c2d survey of clouds. XII. Perseus (Young+, 2015)
J/ApJS/224/5 : Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS): SEDs (Furlan+, 2016)
J/ApJS/226/8 : Spitzer survey of Class II objects in Orion A. I. (Kim+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/458/3479 : SVM selection of WISE YSO Candidates (Marton+, 2016)
J/ApJ/818/73 : Study of protostars in the Perseus mol. cloud (Tobin+, 2016)
J/A+A/599/A14 : Taurus ultra-wide pairs (Joncour+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/138 : Optical spectroscopy toward Orion B fields (Kounkel+, 2017)
J/ApJ/838/150 : The Taurus-Auriga ecosystem. I. (Kraus+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/214 : Star-forming potential in Perseus complex (Mercimek+, 2017)
J/ApJ/834/57 : MW molecular clouds from 12CO (Miville-Deschenes+, 2017)
J/ApJS/236/27 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex (OSFC). I. (Cottle+, 2018)
J/ApJ/859/33 : GOBELINS. IV. VLBA obs. of Taurus (Galli+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A106 : 3D shape of Orion A from Gaia DR2 (Grossschedl+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)
J/ApJ/865/73 : GOBELINS. V. Kinematics of Perseus (Ortiz-Leon+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/478/3674 : IC 348 circumstellar discs ALMA data (Ruiz-Rodriguez+, 2018)
J/ApJS/236/51 : PGCCs in lam Orionis complex. II. Cores at 850um (Yi+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/54 : Taurus members from stellar to pl. masses (Esplin+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A149 : Vienna survey in Orion. III. (Grossschedl+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/196 : Close companions around young stars (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/ApJ/870/32 : Kinematics in young star clusters & associations (Kuhn+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/273 : Taurus members & nonmembers with K2 data (Rebull+, 2020)
J/A+A/633/A51 : Distances to molecular clouds in SFR (Zucker+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/110 : Gaia EDR3 census of Taurus-Auriga complex (Krolikowski+, 2021)
J/ApJ/921/53 : IGRINS YSO survey. I. Tau-Aur (Lopez-Valdivia+, 2021)
J/ApJ/924/84 : λ Orionis PMS stars with Gaia & SPOTS (Cao+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- --- [Gaia DR3]
10- 28 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 source designation
30- 47 F18.15 deg RAdeg [52/87] Right Ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016
49- 67 F19.16 deg DEdeg [-9/32.5] Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016
69- 86 F18.16 mas plx [1.86/8] Parallax, Gaia DR3
88- 99 F12.10 mas e_plx [0.012/0.8] Uncertainty in plx
101- 119 F19.16 mas.yr-1 pmRA [-6/12.1] Proper motion in RA, Gaia DR3
121- 132 F12.10 mas.yr-1 e_pmRA [0.01/0.9] Uncertainty in pmRA
134- 153 F20.16 mas.yr-1 pmDE [-28.2/3.4] Proper motion in DE, Gaia DR3
155- 166 F12.10 mas.yr-1 e_pmDE [0.009/0.6] Uncertainty in pmDE
168- 177 F10.7 km.s-1 HRV [2.18/36.3] Heliocentric radial velocity,
APOGEE-2 DR17
179- 189 F11.9 km.s-1 e_HRV [0.03/1] Uncertainty in HRV
191- 200 F10.8 --- ruwe [0.5/5.3] Gaia DR3 ruwe value
202 I1 --- Class [1/3] YSO Class (1)
204- 222 F19.16 km.s-1 vLSR [-4.2/18.2] Velocity relative to Local
Standard of Rest
224- 241 F18.16 km.s-1 e_vLSR [0.03/1] Uncertainty in vlsr
243- 260 F18.14 deg GLON [158.2/213.1] Galactic longitude
262- 280 F19.15 deg GLAT [-20.7/-10.9] Galactic latitude
282- 301 F20.16 km.s-1 U [-15.8/4.8] Space velocity, tangential
velocity to solar orbit
303- 321 F19.16 km.s-1 e_U [0.03/12.4] Uncertainty in U
323- 342 F20.16 km.s-1 V [-15.8/9] Space velocity, radial toward
Galactic center
344- 362 F19.16 km.s-1 e_V [0.02/52] Uncertainty in V
364- 383 F20.16 km.s-1 W [-11.6/5] Space velocity, toward Galactic pole
385- 402 F18.16 km.s-1 e_W [0.019/8] Uncertainty in W
404- 422 F19.16 km.s-1 V3D [0.3/17] Space velocity, total vector
424- 442 F19.16 km.s-1 e_V3D [0.03/38] Uncertainty in V3D
444- 454 A11 --- SpT Spectral type, from SIMBAD
456- 465 F10.8 Msun Ms [0.59/2.31]? Gaia DR3 "mass_flame" object mass
467- 480 A14 --- sReg Subregion in molecular clouds (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Class as follows:
1 = Class I (35 occurrences),
2 = Class II (625 occurrences),
3 = Class III (374 occurrences)
Note (2): Parallax criteria for the YSO samples within each subregion
(see Table 3) as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------
Region Subregion Parallax Limit Number of
(mas) sources
-------------------------------------------------------------
Orion A OMC [2.31, 2.81] 345
Orion A L1641N [2.37, 2.80] 176
Orion A L1641C [2.33, 2.77] 60
Orion A L1641S1 [2.21, 2.61] 34
Orion A L1641S2 [2.22, 2.61] 73
Orion B L1630N [2.10, 2.55] 55
Orion B NGC 2024 [2.35, 2.8] 40
Perseus IC 348 [3.04, 3.71] 91
Perseus NGC 1333 [3.11, 3.59] 44
Taurus Heiles' Cloud 2 [6.42, 7.84] 13
Taurus L1495 [7.00, 8.18] 28
Taurus L1536 [5.55, 6.79] 15
Taurus B18 [7.00, 8.56] 19
Taurus B213 [5.66, 6.91] 11
lambda Orionis B30 [2.36, 2.64] 30
-------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 27-Oct-2025