J/ApJS/276/29 UV photometry of host stars with confirmed planets (Li+, 2025)
Ultraviolet photometry and habitable zones of over 2700 planet-hosting stars.
Li X., Wang S., Han H., Liu J.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 276, 29 (2025)>
=2025ApJS..276...29L 2025ApJS..276...29L
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, ultraviolet; Stars, distances; Exoplanets;
Abundances, [Fe/H]; Extinction
Keywords: Habitable zone ; Stellar activity ; Ultraviolet photometry ; Catalogs
Abstract:
The ongoing discovery of exoplanets has sparked significant interest
in finding suitable worlds that could potentially support life.
Stellar ultraviolet (UV; 100-3000Å) radiation may play a crucial
role in determining the habitability of their planets. In this paper,
we conducted a detailed analysis of the UV photometry of over
2700 host stars with confirmed planets, using observational data from
the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope
missions. We performed aperture photometry on single-exposure images
and provided photometric catalogs that can be used to explore a wide
range of scientific questions, such as stellar UV activity and planet
habitability. By calculating the circumstellar habitable zone and UV
habitable zone, we found that fewer than 100 exoplanets fall within
both of these zones, with the majority being gas giants. We also
examined stellar activity based on their far-UV (FUV) and near-UV
(NUV) emissions. We found the FUV-NUV color more effectively
represents stellar activity compared to the R'FUV and R'NUV
indices. The Sun's low FUV emission and moderate NUV emission
highlight its uniqueness among (solar-like) stars.
Description:
As of 2023 November, the NASA Exoplanet Archive catalog includes
5535 confirmed exoplanets orbiting around 3923 host stars, which will
be used as our initial sample.
GALEX operates in two UV bands: far-ultraviolet (FUV,
λeff∼1528Å, 1344-1786Å) and near-ultraviolet (NUV,
λeff∼2310Å, 1771-2831Å) bands. The latest catalog,
GR6+7 (Bianchi+ 2017, II/335), includes a total of 82,992,086 objects,
with observations from the All-Sky Imaging Survey (AIS; 100s),
Medium-depth Imaging Survey (MIS; 1500s), and Deep-depth Imaging
Survey (DIS; 10,000s). See Section 3.
The Swift UVOT is one of three instruments on board the Swift
satellite, launched by NASA in 2004. UVOT is designed to provide
simultaneous UV and optical imaging and photometry, operating over a
wavelength range of 170-600nm. It has a high spatial resolution (about
2.5"/pixel for the UV filters) and a wide field of view
(17x17 square arcminutes). UVOT includes six filters, i.e., three in
the UV range and three in the optical range. The UV filters include
UVW2 (1800-2600Å), UVM2 (2000-2800Å) and UVW1 (2400-3400Å).
See Section 4.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 109 2742 Photometric results of GALEX
table2.dat 99 13526 Photometric results from a single observation of
GALEX
table3.dat 85 27 Photometric results of SWIFT/UVOT
table4.dat 55 2587 The habitability assessment of each planet
tabled1.dat 63 191 The flare events in the sample, including FUV and
NUV bands
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See also:
B/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)
II/335 : Revised cat. of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)
I/349 : StarHorse, Gaia DR2 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2019)
V/156 : LAMOST DR7 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
I/354 : StarHorse2, Gaia EDR3 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2022)
III/286 : APOGEE-2 DR17 final allStar catalog (Abdurro'uf+, 2022)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/ApJ/766/60 : GALEX Time Domain Survey I. UV var. sources (Gezari+, 2013)
J/AJ/148/64 : HAZMAT. I. FUV & NUV in early M stars (Shkolnik+, 2014)
J/ApJS/235/16 : UV emission of stars in LAMOST. I. Catalogs (Bai+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/122 : HAZMAT. III. Low-mass stars GALEX phot. (Schneider+, 2018)
J/ApJ/907/91 : HAZMAT VII. Early M-dwarfs, Age & Prot (Loyd+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)
J/A+A/673/A155 : StarHorse data for 8 spectroscopic surveys (Queiroz+, 2023)
http://www.lamost.org/dr10/v1.0/ : LAMOST DR10 homepage
http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archive homepage
http://www.galah-survey.org/dr3/overview/ : GALAH DR3 homepage
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 27 A27 --- Name Host name
29- 36 F8.2 K Teff [415/57000]? Effective temperature
38- 41 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [0.73/7.92]? Log of surface gravity
43- 47 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H] [-1.54/0.5]? Metallicity
49 I1 --- Ref [0/7]? References of atmospheric parameters
(G1)
51- 57 F7.2 pc Dist [1.3/4124] Distance
59- 62 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0/0.7]? Extinction
64 I1 --- f_E(B-V) [0/2]? Flag on E (B-V) (G4)
66 A1 --- SpT Spectral type (1)
67 A1 --- OT Stellar type (2)
69- 73 F5.2 mag FUVmag [12/27]? Apparent GALEX FUV magnitude
75- 78 F4.2 mag e_FUVmag [0.01/8]? Uncertainty in FUVmag
80 I1 --- f_FUVmag [0/2]? FUV photometry type (G2)
82 I1 --- n_FUVmag [0/1]? FUV background measurement method (G3)
84- 88 F5.2 mag NUVmag [12.4/26.1]? Apparent GALEX NUV magnitude
90- 93 F4.2 mag e_NUVmag [0.01/8.4]? Uncertainty in NUVmag
95 I1 --- f_NUVmag [0/2]? NUV photometry type (G2)
97 I1 --- n_NUVmag [0/1]? NUV background measurement method (G3)
99- 103 F5.2 [-] logR-FUV [-5.4/1.75]? FUV activity index
105- 109 F5.2 [-] logR-NUV [-6.9/2.35]? NUV activity index
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Note (1): Spectral type as:
O = O-type star (1 occurrence)
B = B-type star (2 occurrences)
A = A-type star (15 occurrences)
F = F-type star (596 occurrences)
G = G-type star (1182 occurrences)
K = K-type star (776 occurrences)
M = M-type star (158 occurrences)
b = brown dwarf (3 occurrences)
= undefined (9 occurrences)
Note (2): Stellar type as follows:
d = dwarf star (2564 occurrences)
g = giant star (169 occurrences)
= undefined (9 occurrences)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 27 A27 --- Name Host name
29- 46 F18.7 s tFUV ? FUV observational time (1)
48- 52 F5.2 mag FUVmag [11.93/31.63]? Apparent GALEX FUV magnitude
54- 59 F6.2 mag e_FUVmag [0.01/571.32]? Uncertainty in FUVmag
61- 61 I1 --- f_FUVmag [0/2]? FUV photometry type (G2)
63- 63 I1 --- n_FUVmag [0/1]? FUV background measurement method (G3)
65- 82 F18.7 s tNUV ? NUV observational time (1)
84- 88 F5.2 mag NUVmag [7.48/30.12]? Apparent GALEX NUV magnitude
90- 95 F6.2 mag e_NUVmag [0.01/124.07]? Uncertainty in NUVmag
97- 97 I1 --- f_NUVmag [0/2]? NUV photometry type (G2)
99- 99 I1 --- n_NUVmag [0/1]? NUV background measurement method (G3)
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Note (1): Observational times calculated as the mean values of the start and
end times.
GALEX TIME = UNIX TIME - 315964800 (Million+ 2016ApJ...833..292M 2016ApJ...833..292M)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Name Host name
18- 24 F7.2 K Teff [2900.0/6940.78]? Effective temperature
26- 29 F4.2 [cm/s2] log(g) [3.59/5.19]? Log of surface gravity
31- 35 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H] [-0.47/0.29]? Metallicity
37 I1 --- Ref [0/7]? References of atmospheric parameters (G1)
39- 45 F7.2 pc Dist [1.3/6024.51] Distance
47- 50 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0.0/0.42] Extinction
52 I1 --- f_E(B-V) [0/2]? Flag on E (B-V) (G4)
54- 58 F5.2 mag UW2mag [14.21/15.55]? Apparent Swift/UVOT UVW2
magnitude
60- 63 F4.2 mag e_UW2mag [0.01/0.01]? Uncertainty in UW2mag
65- 69 F5.2 mag UM2mag [13.5/19.38]? Apparent Swift/UVOT UVM2
magnitude
71- 74 F4.2 mag e_UM2mag [0.01/0.04]? Uncertainty in UM2mag
76- 80 F5.2 mag UW1mag [14.0/18.36]? Apparent Swift/UVOT UVW1
magnitude
82- 85 F4.2 mag e_UW1mag [0.01/0.18]? Uncertainty in UW1mag
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 25 A25 --- Planet Planet name
27- 31 F5.2 Rgeo Rad [0.31/32.6]? Planet radius
33- 40 F8.2 Mgeo Mass [0.04/89700.0]? Planet mass
42- 53 A12 --- Type Planet type (1)
55- 55 I1 --- HZ [0/3]? Habitability (2)
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Note (1): Planet type as follows:
Gas Giant = 796 occurrences
Neptune-like = 639 occurrences
Super-Earth = 614 occurrences
Terrestrial = 445 occurrences
unknown = 93 occurrences
Note (2): Habitability as follows:
0 = neither in circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ)
nor in UV habitable zone (UHZ) -- 2234 occurrences
1 = in CHZ but not in UHZ -- 6 occurrences
2 = in UHZ but not in CHZ -- 272 occurrences
3 = in both CHZ and UHZ -- 75 occurrences
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Host name
25- 38 F14.3 s tSt [772774728.995/1007112511.995] Start time
40- 42 I3 s tEnd-tSt [60/800] End time minus start time
44- 48 F5.2 [10-7W] log(L) [26.84/32.94] Log of peak luminosity; erg/s
50- 54 F5.2 [10-7J] log(E) [28.73/34.92] Log of flare energy; erg
56- 59 I4 s Dur [71/2546] Equivalent duration
61- 63 A3 --- Band Filter band (FUV or NUV)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Reference as follows:
0 = APOGEE DR17 (Cat. III/286)
1 = LAMOST DR 10 LRS (http://www.lamost.org/dr10/v1.0/)
2 = LAMOST DR 10 MRS (http://www.lamost.org/dr10/v1.0/)
3 = RAVE DR6 (Cat. III/283)
4 = GALAH DR3 (Burder+ 2021, J/MNRAS/506/150)
5 = StarHorse Queiroz et al. (2023, J/A+A/673/A155);
6 = StarHorse Anders et al. (2019A&A...628A..94A 2019A&A...628A..94A; Cat. I/349)
7 = NASA Exoplanet Archive (http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/)
Note (G2): Photometry type as follows:
0 = general photometry;
1 = saturated stars;
2 = (undetected) stars with upper limits.
Note (G3): Background measurement method as follows:
0 = estimation from GALEX background maps;
1 = interpolation with GALEX images.
Note (G4): Flag on E(B-V) as follows:
0 = PS1 3D dust map;
1 = SFD extinction;
2 = fixed value of 0.1 for stars with distances less than 200pc but with
high SFD extinction.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 28-Oct-2025