J/ApJS/277/15 Binary stars from LRS LAMOST DR10 & Gaia DR3 (Jing+, 2025)
Half a million binary stars identified from the Low-Resolution Spectra of
LAMOST.
Jing Y., Mao T.-X., Wang J., Liu C., Chen X.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 277, 15 (2025)>
=2025ApJS..277...15J 2025ApJS..277...15J
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Exoplanets; Surveys; Optical
Keywords: Main sequence stars ; Binary stars ; Convolutional neural networks
Abstract:
Binary stars are prevalent yet challenging to detect. We present a
novel approach using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identify
binary stars from low-resolution spectra obtained by the LAMOST
survey. The CNN is trained on a data set that distinguishes binaries
from single main-sequence stars based on their positions on the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Specifically, the training data labels
stars with mass ratios between approximately 0.71 and 0.93 as
intermediate-mass-ratio binaries, while excluding those beyond this
range. The network achieves high accuracy with an area under the
receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.949 on the test set. Its
performance is further validated against known eclipsing binaries (97%
detection rate) and binary stars identified by radial velocity
variations (92% detection rate). Applying the trained CNN to a sample
of one million main-sequence stars from LAMOST DR10 and Gaia DR3
yields a catalog of 468,634 binary stars, which are mainly
intermediate-mass-ratio binaries given the training data. This catalog
includes 115 binary stars located beyond 10 kpc from the Sun and
128 crossmatched with known exoplanet hosts from the NASA Exoplanet
Archive. This new catalog provides a valuable resource for future
research on the properties, formation, and evolution of binary
systems, particularly for statistically characterizing large
populations.
Description:
In order to train the neural network, a larger number of binary- and
single-star spectra are needed. We utilized the star sample from
Liu C. (2019MNRAS.490..550L 2019MNRAS.490..550L).
We constructed our initial stellar sample by crossmatching stars from
the LAMOST DR10 low-resolution A, F, G and K stars catalog, Gaia DR3
(Gaia Coll. see I/355), and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (see II/246)
following the procedure outlined in Liu C. (2019). This initial sample
includes about seven million spectra. See Section 2.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 72 582601 Main sequence binary star candidates
table2.dat 80 181 Main sequence binary star candidates hosting
exoplanets
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
V/162 : LAMOST DR11 catalogs (Luo+, 2026)
J/ApJS/90/83 : Binaries in NGC 3201 (Cote+, 1994)
J/ApJ/559/1060 : Variables in 47 Tuc (Albrow+, 2001)
J/AJ/140/184 : RAVE double-lined spectroscopic binaries (Matijevic+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/other/A+ARV/18.67 : Accurate masses and radii of normal stars (Torres+, 2010)
J/A+A/563/A45 : Pleiades cluster membership probabilities (Sarro+, 2014)
J/AJ/151/101 : Kepler Mission. VIII. False positives (Abdul-Masih+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. EBs in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/457/1028 : alpha Per cluster possible members (Sheikhi+, 2016)
J/ApJ/836/5 : Abundances of LAMOST giants from APOGEE DR12 (Ho+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/479/5491 : Absolute parameters of main-sequence stars (Eker+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE Binary comp. of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)
J/ApJ/858/L7 : Red clump stars from LAMOST and APOGEE (Ting+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/155 : SB cand. from the RAVE & Gaia DR2 surveys (Birko+, 2019)
J/AN/340/386 : Spectroscopic binary candidate stars (Jack, 2019)
J/other/RAA/19.64 : LAMOST sp. binaries & variable stars (Qian+, 2019)
J/ApJS/249/18 : The ZTF catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2020)
J/A+A/635/A155 : Gaia-ESO Survey SB1 catalogue (Merle+, 2020)
J/A+A/638/A145 : GALAH survey. FGK binary stars (Traven+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/184 : APOGEE: radial velocities of binaries (Kounkel+, 2021)
J/ApJS/258/26 : Spectroscopic binaries from LAMOST MRS. I. (Zhang+, 2022)
http://www.lamost.org/dr10/ : LAMOST DR10 home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 I10 --- ObsID [101175/1018116138] LAMOST DR10 observation ID
12- 30 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 source ID (G1)
32- 33 I2 h RAh LAMOST DR10 hour of right ascension (J2000)
35- 36 I2 min RAm LAMOST DR10 minute of right ascension (J2000)
38- 42 F5.2 s RAs LAMOST DR10 second of right ascension (J2000)
44 A1 --- DE- LAMOST DR10 sign of declination (J2000)
45- 46 I2 deg DEd LAMOST DR10 degree of declination (J2000)
48- 49 I2 arcmin DEm LAMOST DR10 arcminute of declination (J2000)
51- 54 F4.1 arcsec DEs LAMOST DR10 arcsecond of declination (J2000)
56- 65 F10.8 --- Pbin [0.5/1] Derived probability of being a binary,
predicted by CNN (G2)
67- 72 F6.2 --- SNRg [20/872] LAMOST DR10 signal-to-noise ratio of
observation
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Host star name (G1)
16- 25 I10 --- ObsID [19914165/1017616079] LAMOST DR10 observation ID
27- 45 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 source ID (G1)
47- 48 I2 h RAh LAMOST DR10 hour of right ascension (J2000)
50- 51 I2 min RAm LAMOST DR10 minute of right ascension (J2000)
53- 57 F5.2 s RAs LAMOST DR10 second of right ascension (J2000)
59 A1 --- DE- LAMOST DR10 sign of declination (J2000)
60- 61 I2 deg DEd LAMOST DR10 degree of declination (J2000)
63- 64 I2 arcmin DEm LAMOST DR10 arcminute of declination (J2000)
66- 69 F4.1 arcsec DEs LAMOST DR10 arcsecond of declination (J2000)
71- 80 F10.8 --- Pbin [0.5/1] Derived probability of being a binary,
predicted by CNN (G2)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Duplicate values may exist due to multiple observations of the same
target by LAMOST.
Note (G2): This file contains data for identified main-sequence binary stars.
Each row represents a star spectrum identified as belonging to a
binary system.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 12-Nov-2025