J/ApJS/280/76 Warm Jupiter migration pathways. I. Radial veloc. (Morgan+, 2025)
Exploring warm Jupiter migration pathways with eccentricities.
I. Catalog of uniform Keplerian fits to radial velocities of 200 warm Jupiters.
Morgan M., Bowler B.P., Tran Q.H., Wittenmyer R.A., Wright D.J., Zhou G.,
Fairnington T.R.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 280, 76 (2025)>
=2025ApJS..280...76M 2025ApJS..280...76M
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Spectra, infrared; Optical; Radial velocities;
References; Stars, masses; Abundances, [Fe/H]; Stars, distances;
Spectral types
Keywords: Exoplanet migration ; Exoplanet evolution
Abstract:
Giant planets are expected to predominantly form beyond the water-ice
line and occasionally undergo inward migration. Unlike hot Jupiters,
which can result from high-eccentricity tidal migration, warm Jupiters
between 0.1 and 1au (∼10-365days) are in many ways more challenging to
explain because they reside outside the tidal influence of their host
stars. Warm Jupiters should therefore preserve traces of their origins
as their eccentricities are directly related to their past
interactions. We analyze the eccentricities of 200 warm Jupiters
orbiting 194 Sunlike host stars (with FGKM spectral types) using
18,587 radial velocity (RV) measurements across 40 high-resolution
spectrographs. RVs are compiled from the literature and are
supplemented with 540 new observations from MINERVA-Australis at Mount
Kent Observatory and the Habitable-zone Planet Finder spectrograph at
McDonald Observatory's Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which are timed to
improve eccentricity constraints by sampling orbits near periastron
passage. The overarching goal of this program is to establish the
relative importance of giant planet migration channels through the
largest homogeneous analysis of warm Jupiter orbital properties to
date. In particular, we evaluate and compare the impact of different
system architectures and host star characteristics on the
population-level eccentricity distributions of warm Jupiters. Here, we
present the target sample, observations, orbit-fitting procedure, and
parameter summary statistics of our survey. All orbit fit solutions,
parameter posterior chains, and merged RV tables for each system are
made publicly available.
Description:
Our sample of warm Jupiters originates from the NASA Exoplanet Archive
(http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/) as of 2022 May.
Host star properties in this study are compiled from a multitude of
sources. See Section 2.
New RV observations were obtained as part of this program from
2021 December to 2023 July with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
spectrograph (HPF; Section 3.1) and MINERVA-Australis (Section 3.2).
Northern targets in our sample were observed with HPF (810-1270nm
high-resolution spectrograph; R∼50000) on the 10m HET at McDonald
Observatory.
We obtained new observations from MINERVA-Australis to improve the
eccentricities of warm Jupiter targets in the southern hemisphere.
MINERVA-Australis is comprised of four 0.7m CDK700 telescopes that
feed light into an optical high-resolution spectrograph (500-630nm)
with ∼1m/s precision RV capabilities. Three hundred and sixty RV
measurements were taken from 2022 January to 2023 July.
We finally present a uniform analysis of warm Jupiter for
200 planets orbiting 194 stars based on 18,587 RV measurements
acquired from 40 spectrographs over the course of the past 35 years.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 77 40 Spectrographs used to collect RV data
for warm Jupiters
table3.dat 213 200 Best-fitted solutions for warm Jupiters
table4.dat 115 194 Host star properties
table5.dat 112 200 Additional details of each planetary system
including signals from long-term companions
table6.dat 57 540 New Relative Radial Velocities
refs.dat 47 417 References
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
V/137 : Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) (Anderson+, 2012)
J/A+A/356/590 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets II (Udry+, 2000)
J/A+A/375/205 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets V (Naef+ 2001)
J/A+A/410/1039 : Northern exoplanets ELODIE survey I (Perrier+, 2003)
J/A+A/398/363 : Statistical properties of exoplanets II (Santos+, 2003)
J/A+A/415/391 : CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets. XII (Mayor+, 2004)
J/A+A/414/351 : ELODIE survey for northern exoplanets III (Naef+, 2004)
J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)
J/ApJ/634/625 : Radial velocities and photometry of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2005)
J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)
J/ApJ/654/625 : Rvel of 9 long-period objects (Wittenmyer+, 2007)
J/A+A/491/883 : Radial velocities of HD 60532 (Desort+, 2008)
J/A+A/480/L33 : Radial velocities of HD 4113 and HD 156846 (Tamuz+, 2008)
J/A+A/503/601 : HD 17156 transit phot. & radial velocities (Barbieri+, 2009)
J/A+A/496/521 : Radial velocities of HD45364 (Correia+, 2009)
J/A+A/493/639 : Velocity curves of HD 40307 (Mayor+, 2009)
J/A+A/496/513 : RV of 6 stars with long-period giant planets (Moutou+, 2009)
J/ApJS/182/97 : Radial velocities of multi-planet syst. (Wittenmyer+, 2009)
J/ApJ/693/1084 : Ten new and updated multiplanet systems (Wright+, 2009)
J/A+A/523/A88 : A Jupiter-mass companion around HD 109246 (Boisse+, 2010)
J/A+A/511/A21 : Radial velocities of GJ876 planetary system (Correia+, 2010)
J/ApJ/720/1290 : Abundances of stars hosting planets (Ghezzi+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/403/1368 : Li abund. & vsini for star-planet systems (Gonzalez+, 2010)
J/A+A/513/A69 : HD9446 radial velocity curve (Hebrard+, 2010)
J/ApJ/724/866 : Follow-up observations of HAT-P-15 (Kovacs+, 2010)
J/A+A/512/A48 : HARPS RV curves for 3 stars (Lo Curto+, 2010)
J/A+A/523/A15 : HARPS XXIII: RV data for the 8 targets (Naef+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/ApJ/719/890 : Keck radial velocities of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2010)
J/ApJ/726/L19 : Gunn r photometry of WASP-30 (Anderson+, 2011)
J/A+A/526/A141 : Velocities of Gl 676A and HIP 12961 (Forveille+, 2011)
J/A+A/531/A165 : MILES atmospheric parameters (Prugniel+, 2011)
J/A+A/535/A54 : HARPS search for exoplanets. XXIX (Segransan+, 2011)
J/ApJ/757/18 : Rvel for 16 hot Jupiter host stars (Albrecht+, 2012)
J/A+A/538/A113 : Extrasolar planets. Rvel of eight stars (Diaz+ 2012)
J/ApJ/754/37 : HD 192263 radial velocities and photometry (Dragomir+, 2012)
J/ApJ/749/134 : HAT-P-17 radial velocities and light curves (Howard+, 2012)
J/ApJ/761/46 : HD 37605 radial velocities and photometry (Wang+, 2012)
J/ApJ/772/80 : Radial velocities of HAT-P-17 (Fulton+, 2013)
J/A+A/557/A70 : Evolved planet hosts - stellar parameters (Mortier+, 2013)
J/A+A/561/A65 : HD113337 radial velocity (Borgniet+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/5 : The twenty-five year Lick planet search (Fischer+, 2014)
J/A+A/572/A93 : Four new transiting planets (Hebrard+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A113 : Radial velocity curves of HIP105854 (Jones+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/126 : HIRES radial velocity measurements (Knutson+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A67 : Velocity curves of βCnc, uLeo & βUMi (Lee+, 2014)
J/A+A/568/A81 : WASP-117b photometry and radial velocities (Lendl+, 2014)
J/A+A/563/A22 : Radial velocities of 3 new hot Jupiters (Moutou+, 2014)
J/A+A/571/A37 : KOI-1257 photometric and velocimetric data (Santerne+, 2014)
J/A+A/567/A14 : RV & g'z' transits of KOI-1089b/Kepler-418b (Tingley+, 2014)
J/A+A/573/A124 : Kepler-117 (KOI-209) transit-timing var. (Bruno+, 2015)
J/A+A/573/L5 : Radial velocity data of Kepler-432 (Ciceri+, 2015)
J/ApJ/800/22 : Radial velocities of long-period planets (Feng+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/169 : Radial velocities of HD 6434 (Hinkel+, 2015)
J/A+A/574/A50 : Chemical abundances of giants and subgiants (Jofre+, 2015)
J/A+A/580/A14 : RVel of 3 giant stars with planets (Jones+, 2015)
J/ApJ/806/60 : Radial velocities of 70 Vir (HD117176) (Kane+, 2015)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/AJ/151/89 : Spectroscopy and photometry of HATS-17 (Brahm+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/89 : 12yrs of rvel obs. of exoplanet systems (Bryan+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/46 : Rvel of 3 Neptune-mass planet hosts (Fulton+, 2016)
J/A+A/588/A145 : Rvel of 8 stars with giant planets (Hebrard+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/112 : Solar-type stars from SDSS-III MARVELS. VI. (Ma+, 2016)
J/A+A/590/A112 : Kepler-539 CAFE radial veloc. measurements (Mancini+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive prob. for Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)
J/A+A/595/A55 : Radial velocity data of HD 59686 A (Ortiz+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)
J/A+A/603/A43 : CoRoT-9 radial velocity curve (Bonomo+, 2017)
J/A+A/603/A85 : M67 stars radial velocities (Brucalassi+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck rvel Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/465/3693 : 7 WASP-South transiting exoplanets (Hellier+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/5 : Abundances of LAMOST giants from APOGEE DR12 (Ho+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/188 : Rvel and photometry of K2-114&K2-115 (Shporer+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/136 : Planets & their host stars with Gaia plxs (Stassun+, 2017)
J/A+A/614/A55 : Lithium abund. in dwarfs & subgiants (Aguilera-Gomez+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A1 : 55 Cnc radial velocities and photometry (Bourrier+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/475/1960 : ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter obs. of M dwarfs (Fouque+, 2018)
J/ApJ/860/109 : Keck HIRES obs. of subgiants (Ghezzi+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/277 : Sixty validated planets from K2 C5-8 (Livingston+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/213 : N2K stars & new gas giant companions (Ment+, 2018)
J/A+A/614/A55 : Lithium abund. in dwarfs & subgiants (Aguilera-Gomez+, 2018)
J/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)
J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES rvel curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/181 : Rvel and S-index values for HR 5183 (Blunt+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/45 : TESS LC & radial velocities for HD 1397 (Brahm+, 2019)
J/ApJ/876/23 : Multiple populations of extrasolar gas giants (Goda+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/245 : High-precision rvel for HD 221416 (Huber+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/100 : Rvel and bisector spans for K2-287 (Jordan+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/149 : Transit param for planets around subgiants (Luhn+, 2019)
J/A+A/624/A94 : The role of the host star's metallicity (Maldonado+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/145 : HIRES RVs of three compact, multipl. systems (Mills+, 2019)
J/other/Sci/365.1441 : GJ 3512 radial velocity & light curves (Morales+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/13 : The first 300 stars observed by the GPIES (Nielsen+, 2019)
J/A+A/625/A71 : Radial velocity measurements for 7 stars (Rickman+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/235 : Opt. phot. and RVs of TOI-481b and TOI-892b (Brahm+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/241 : The TESS-Keck Survey. I. HD332231 RVel (Dalba+, 2020)
J/ApJ/898/L11 : TESS and NGTS LCs and RVs of NGTS-11 (Gill+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A32 : WASP-148 velocity curve (Hebrard+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/209 : K2 & TESS Synergy. I. LC for 4 stars (Ikwut-Ukwa+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/145 : RVs and opt. phot. of the host star TOI-677 (Jordan+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/242 : Vel. & transit times in the Kepler-88 system (Weiss+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/491/5248 : Pan-Pacific Planet Search (PPPS). VIII. (Wittenmyer+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/106 : Radial velocities of 12 Psc and HD 159062 (Bowler+, 2021)
J/A+A/651/A11 : SOPHIE radial velocities of 27 F/G stars (Dalal+, 2021)
J/A+A/653/A78 : Radial velocity and activity indicators (Demangeon+, 2021)
J/ApJS/255/6 : Warm Jupiters in TESS FFIs 1st year (Dong+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/235 : Radial velocity of TOI-201 (Hobson+, 2021)
J/A+A/648/A58 : Radial velocity curves of 4 stars (Niedzielski+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/176 : The solar neighborhood. XLVIII. (Paredes+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/194 : LCs and RVs of 5 exoplanets from TESS (Rodriguez+, 2021)
J/ApJS/255/8 : The California Legacy Survey. I. Planets (Rosenthal+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/82 : Phot. & sp. obs. of TOI-954 and K2-329 (Sha+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/61 : TESS-Keck Survey. VIII. TOI-2180 rvel (Dalba+, 2022)
J/ApJS/262/21 : 3-D selection of 167 sub-stellar companions (Feng+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/101 : TESS-Keck survey. IX. Rvel of HD1919139 (Lubin+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/104 : NEID and HIRES radial velocity of TOI-1478 (Rice+, 2022)
J/ApJS/261/26 : Exoplanet host stars from LAMOST, TESS & Kepler (Su+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/156 : FEROS, HARPS & HIRES rvel of HD33142 (Trifonov+, 2022)
J/A+A/674/A114 : Southern exoplanets CORALIE survey. XIX (Barbato+, 2023)
J/A+A/674/A10 : Gaia DR3 systems with companions (Holl+, 2023)
J/AJ/166/90 : Light curves and radial velocities for TOI-1899 (Lin+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 30 A30 --- Tel Telescope identifier
32- 48 A17 --- Inst Instrument
50- 53 I4 --- Nrv [4/4547] Number of radial velocity measurements
55- 58 I4 nm lam1 Lower range of wavelength
59 A1 --- --- [-]
60- 63 I4 nm lam2 Upper range of wavelength
65- 77 A13 --- Ref References (see refs.dat)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- Name Planet identifier (as in Table 5)
21- 27 F7.5 --- e [0.005/0.94] Eccentricity
29- 35 F7.5 --- E_e [8e-05/0.05] Upper uncertainty in e (1)
37- 43 F7.5 --- e_e [7e-05/0.06] Lower uncertainty in e (1)
45- 53 F9.7 au a [0.092/1.32] Semi-Major axis
55- 63 F9.7 au E_a [0/0.0022] Upper uncertainty in a (1)
65- 73 F9.7 au e_a [0/0.0023] Lower uncertainty in a (1)
75- 83 F9.3 d Tc [-6.4/13713] Barycentric Julian Date of
inferior conjunction; BJD-2450000
85- 89 F5.3 d E_Tc [0.0/6.2] Upper uncertainty in Tc (1)
91- 95 F5.3 d e_Tc [0.002/9] Lower uncertainty in Tc (1)
97-105 F9.5 d Per [10/372] Orbital period
107-113 F7.5 d E_Per [0/1.1] Upper uncertainty in Per (1)
115-121 F7.5 d e_Per [0/1.1] Lower uncertainty in Per (1)
123-129 F7.3 deg omega Argument of periastron of star's orbit
around the barycenter
131-137 F7.3 deg E_omega [0.01/341] Upper uncertainty in omega (1)
139-145 F7.3 deg e_omega [0.01/349] Lower uncertainty in omega (1)
147-153 F7.3 m/s K [7.7/966] Velocity semi-amplitude
155-160 F6.3 m/s E_K [0.01/97] Upper uncertainty in K (1)
162-168 F7.3 m/s e_K [0.01/116] Lower uncertainty in K (1)
170-176 F7.4 Mjup Mpsini [0.17/12.2] Minimum mass in Jupiter masses
178-183 F6.4 Mjup E_Mpsini [0.0001/0.8] Upper uncertainty in Mpsini (1)
185-190 F6.4 Mjup e_Mpsini [0.0001/1] Lower uncertainty in Mpsini (1)
192-213 A22 --- Ref Reference code(s) (see refs.dat file)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): MAP values along with the upper and lower bounds of the 68.3%
highest density interval (HDI) regions of the posterior
probability distribution are reported.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name Host star identifier
19- 26 A8 --- SpType Spectral type
28- 31 I4 K Teff [3081/6576] Effective temperature
33- 36 I4 K E_Teff [4/1000] Upper uncertainty in Teff
38- 41 I4 K e_Teff [4/1000] Lower uncertainty in Teff
43- 46 F4.2 Msun Ms [0.12/2.42] Stellar mass
48- 51 F4.2 Msun E_Ms [0.01/0.69] Upper uncertainty in Ms
53- 56 F4.2 Msun e_Ms [0.01/0.69] Lower uncertainty in Ms
58- 62 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H] [-0.77/0.44] Metallicity (1)
64- 67 F4.2 [-] E_[Fe/H] [0.0/0.18]? Upper uncertainty in [Fe/H]
69- 72 F4.2 [-] e_[Fe/H] [0.0/0.18]? Lower uncertainty in [Fe/H]
74- 80 F7.2 pc Dist [4.67/2579.25] Distance (2)
82- 90 F9.4 pc E_Dist [0.0008/1496.57] Upper uncertainty in Dist
92- 99 F8.4 pc e_Dist [0.0008/834.32] Lower uncertainty in Dist
101-115 A15 --- Ref Reference code(s); see refs.dat file (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): We adopt [Fe/H] values from Gaia DR3 for HIP 34222 and HIP 5763.
The bulk metallicity value (M/H) is adopted for TOI-3362.
Note (2): All reported distance measurements are trigonometric
distances generated from Gaia EDR3 parallaxes
(Bailer-Jones+ 2021AJ....161..147B 2021AJ....161..147B; see I/352).
Note (3): In the event where a value is not reported in a discovery paper
or the NASA Exoplanet Archive, we use an updated value and
report the reference.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- Name Planet identifier
21 I1 --- Np [1/5] Number of known planets (2)
23- 25 I3 --- Ndp [5/783] Number of data points
27- 32 F6.2 m/s sigRV [0.68/173] Mean radial velocity error
34- 38 F5.2 yr Deltat [0.08/29.9] Time baseline of the RVs
40 I1 --- Ninst [1/7] Number of instruments
42- 46 F5.2 --- chi2 [0.05/51] Reduced χ2 value of the
model (3)
48- 51 F4.2 --- DelBICk [0]? Keplerian model Bayesian Information
Criterion value (always "0")
53- 61 F9.2 --- DelBIClk [-70667/613310]? Keplerian+Linear model
Bayesian Information Criterion value
63- 72 F10.2 --- DelBICqk [-105498/276012]? Keplerian+Quadratic model
Bayesian Information Criterion value
74- 80 F7.2 m/s/yr gamdot [-350/494]? Linear acceleration (4)
82- 86 F5.2 m/s/yr E_gamdot [0.01/73]? Upper uncertainty in gamdot (4)
88- 92 F5.2 m/s/yr e_gamdot [0.01/74]? Lower uncertainty in gamdot (4)
94- 100 F7.2 m/s/yr2 gamddot [-110/270]? Second order linear
acceleration (4)
102- 106 F5.2 m/s/yr2 E_gamddot [0.01/62]? Upper uncertainty in gamddot (4)
108- 112 F5.2 m/s/yr2 e_gamddot [0.01/61]? Lower uncertainty in gamddot (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (2): Nplanet 2 lists the number of known planets in the systems not the
number of planets included in the fit. For single-planet systems,
we report Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values for three
models: Keplerian, Keplerian+Linear, and Keplerian+Quadratic.
Note (3): The number of model parameters for each system is computed as:
(5A-Nplanet) + (2A-Ninst) + acceleration terms.
Note (4): For systems where an acceleration is favored, the MAP value is
reported along with the upper and lower bounds of the 68.3% highest
density interval regions of the posterior probability distribution.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name System identifier (host star name)
19- 31 F13.5 d BJD Barycentric Julian Date
33- 41 F9.2 m/s RV [-35459/61126] Measured radial velocity
43- 48 F6.2 m/s e_RV [0.5/111] Uncertainty in RV
50- 57 A8 --- Inst Instrument (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): For MINERVA-Australis RVs, each fiber is treated as an independent
instrument. HPF1 and HPF2 refer to pre- and post-warmup
periods, respectively.
HPF = Hobby-Eberly Telescope's Habitable-zone Planet Finder spectrograph;
Minerva = Mount Kent Observatory MINERVA-Australis.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 27 A23 --- Auth Author's name(s)
29- 47 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
References:
Morgan et al. Paper II. 2026AJ....171...19M 2026AJ....171...19M
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 16-Jun-2026