J/ApJS/282/37 JEWELS. I. Abundances of FGK planet-host stars (Sun, 2026)
JWST Exoplanetary Worlds and Elemental Survey (JEWELS).
I. High-precision chemical abundances of 20 FGK planet-hosting stars from
JWST Cycle 2.
Sun Q.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 282, 37 (2026)>
=2026ApJS..282...37S 2026ApJS..282...37S
ADC_Keywords: Abundances; Stars, double and multiple; Exoplanets;
Spectra, optical; Infrared sources; Equivalent widths
Keywords: James Webb Space Telescope ; Exoplanet astronomy ;
Exoplanet atmospheric composition ; Planet hosting stars ;
Chemical abundances ; Star-planet interactions
Abstract:
We present high-precision chemical abundances for 20 FGK stars hosting
planets observed in JWST Cycle 2 GO programs. Using high-resolution,
high-signal-to- noise ratio spectra from the ESO and Keck archives, we
perform a strict line- by-line differential analysis relative to the
Sun to derive stellar parameters and abundances of 19 elements from C
to Zn. The stars span effective temperatures of 4500-6500 K and
metallicities from -0.57 to +0.50 dex. The sample includes hosts of
both gas giants and terrestrial planets, allowing direct comparison
between stellar composition and planetary properties. Several of the
giant planets orbit metal-rich stars. The detailed abundance patterns
show clear chemical diversity, including carbon-enhanced but mildly
metal-poor stars (TOI-824, TOI-561, TOI-1130, GJ 9827) and
α-enhanced metal-poor stars (TOI-561, GJ 9827, TOI-824). These
variations trace differences in protoplanetary disk composition and
may influence planetary interiors and atmospheric chemistry. The
planet hosts show a range of [C/O] ratios, and the diverse [Mg/Si]
ratios may suggest varied interior compositions for their rocky
planets. This homogeneous stellar abundance, together with future
uniform JWST planetary atmosphere measurements, provides a foundation
for exploring the planet mass-metallicity relation and the connection
between stellar chemistry and planetary formation pathways. These
results constitute the first step in a larger survey spanning multiple
JWST cycles to systematically examine how host star composition shapes
exoplanetary systems.
Description:
Our initial sample includes all planetary systems scheduled for
observation in the JWST Cycle 2 GO program.
To support planet formation and atmospheric studies with reliable
stellar parameters and abundances, we retrieved high-resolution
spectra of the host stars from the ESO and Keck public archives.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 147 23 Stellar and planetary parameters for
20 planet-hosting F, G, and K stars in
the JWST Cycle 2 GO program
table2.dat 499 19 Stellar abundances for 20 planet-host F, G, K stars
in JWST Cycle 2 GO program
tablea2.dat 185 262 Equivalent width measurements for solar and stellar
spectra
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)
J/A+A/465/271 : Oxygen abundances in nearby stars (Ramirez+, 2007)
J/ApJ/654/625 : Rvel of 9 long-period objects (Wittenmyer+, 2007)
J/ApJ/715/1050 : Abundances for extrasolar planets. I. (Bond+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/2349 : C/O vs Mg/Si of planetary systems (Delgado Mena+, 2010)
J/A+A/509/A93 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Masseron+, 2010)
J/ApJ/735/24 : HAT-P-30 follow-up photometry (Johnson+, 2011)
J/A+A/549/A134 : WASP transiting close-in giant planets (Hebrard+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/445/1114 : WASP-69b, WASP-70Ab and WASP-84b (Anderson+, 2014)
J/ApJ/791/14 : 18 Sco atomic data and equivalent widths (Melendez+, 2014)
J/A+A/572/A49 : WASP-94AB phot. & radial velocities (Neveu-VanMalle+, 2014)
J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metallicities for giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)
J/AJ/161/56 : The TESS-Keck Survey. II. RVs of TOI-561 (Weiss+, 2021)
J/AJ/164/87 : Abundances of JWST target. I. FGK stars (Kolecki+, 2022)
J/A+A/675/A115 : TOI-1130 radial velocities (Korth+, 2023)
J/ApJ/946/L6 : JWST NIRSpec & MIRI sp. of SIPS J1256-1257B (Miles+, 2023)
J/A+A/688/A193 : Ariel homogeneous stellar C, N, O abund. (da Silva+, 2024)
J/ApJS/271/16 : Giant Outer Transiting Exopl. Mass survey IV. (Dalba+, 2024)
J/A+A/701/A107 : PASTA II. Abund. for 25 solar twins and analogs (Sun+, 2025)
http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archive homepage
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Star name
13 A1 --- f_Name Flag on Name
15- 18 I4 K Teff [4504/6577]? Stellar effective temperature
20- 22 I3 K e_Teff [16/121]? Teff lower error or uncertainty (1)
24- 25 I2 K E_Teff [84]? Teff upper error (1)
27- 30 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [4/4.76]? Log of surface gravity
32- 35 F4.2 [cm/s2] e_logg [0.04/0.33]? logg lower error or
uncertainty (1)
37- 40 F4.2 [cm/s2] E_logg [0.03]? Upper uncertainty on logg (1)
42- 47 F6.3 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-0.61/0.48]? Metallicity ([Fe/H])
49- 53 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Fe/H] [0.01/0.1]? [Fe/H] Lower error or
uncertainty (1)
55- 59 F5.3 [Sun] E_[Fe/H] [0.051]? Upper uncertainty on [Fe/H] (1)
61- 64 F4.2 km/s Vt [0.8/2.2]? Microturbulent velocity
66- 69 F4.2 km/s e_Vt [0.03/0.3]? Vt uncertainty (1)
71- 83 A13 --- Planet Planet name
85- 94 F10.4 d Per [0.44/94864] Period
96 A1 --- u_Rp [~] Uncertainty flag on Rp
98- 103 F6.3 --- Rp [0.8/13.4] Planet radius
105- 111 A7 --- x_Rp Unit of planet radius
113 A1 --- u_Mp [~] Uncertainty flag on Mp
115- 121 F7.3 --- Mp [0.26/326] Planet mass
123- 129 A7 --- x_Mp Unit of Mp
131- 139 A9 --- ID Abbreviated identifier as used in Table2 and
A2; column added by CDs
141- 147 A7 --- Ref Reference(s) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The stellar effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity (logg),
microturbulence (Vt), metallicity ([Fe/H]), and their associated
uncertainties derived from high-resolution, high-S/N spectra.
Note (2): References for the planetary orbital period, radius, and mass
as follows:
D16 = WASP-121 b (Delrez et al. 2016MNRAS.458.4025D 2016MNRAS.458.4025D)
N14 = WASP-94 A b (Neveu-VanMalle et al. 2014, J/A+A/572/A49)
A14 = WASP-69 b (Anderson et al. 2014, J/MNRAS/445/1114)
H13 = WASP-52 b (Hebrard et al. 2013, J/A+A/549/A134)
B15 = WASP-47 e (Becker et al. 2015ApJ...812L..18B 2015ApJ...812L..18B)
H09 = WASP-18 b (Hellier et al. 2009Natur.460.1098H 2009Natur.460.1098H)
W09 = WASP-15 b (West et al. 2009AJ....137.4834W 2009AJ....137.4834W)
B20 = TOI-824 b (Burt et al. 2020AJ....160..153B 2020AJ....160..153B)
W21 = TOI-561 b (Weiss et al. 2021, J/AJ/161/56)
K23 = TOI-1130 b, c (Korth et al. 2023, J/A+A/675/A115)
N20 = TOI-125 b, c (Nielsen et al. 2020MNRAS.492.5399N 2020MNRAS.492.5399N)
B13 = PH-2 b (Bryson et al. 2013PASP..125..889B 2013PASP..125..889B)
R18 = NGTS-2 b (Raynard et al. 2018MNRAS.481.4960R 2018MNRAS.481.4960R)
J20 = LTT 9779 (Jenkins et al. 2020NatAs...4.1148J 2020NatAs...4.1148J)
F11 = Kepler-12 b (Fortney et al. 2011ApJS..197....9F 2011ApJS..197....9F)
C17 = HD 106315c (Crossfield et al. 2017AJ....153..255C 2017AJ....153..255C)
J11 = HAT-P-30 b (Johnson et al. 2011ApJ...735...24J 2011ApJ...735...24J)
N17 = GJ 9827 d (Niraula et al. 2017AJ....154..266N 2017AJ....154..266N)
T18 = GJ 9827 d (Teske et al. 2018AJ....155..148T 2018AJ....155..148T)
K13 = GJ 504 b (Kuzuhara et al. 2013ApJ...774...11K 2013ApJ...774...11K)
W07 = 14 Herculis c (Wittenmyer et al. 2007ApJ...654..625W 2007ApJ...654..625W)
a = NASA Exoplanet Archive 2019a, Confirmed Planets Table IPAC
doi: 10.26133/NEA1
b = NASA Exoplanet Archive 2019b, Planetary Systems and Planetary System
Composite Parameters Tables NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/composite_about.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- Ion Ion
4- 5 I2 --- Z [6/30] Atomic number
7 A1 --- f_Ion Flag (1)
9- 13 F5.3 --- [X/H]WASP-121 [0.03/0.9]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for WASP-121
15- 19 F5.3 --- sigmuWASP-121 [0.01/0.2]? Standard deviation of the
mean
21- 25 F5.3 --- erratmWASP-121 [0.014/0.06]? Atmosphere uncertainty
27- 31 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]WASP-121 [0.026/0.2]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-WASP-121
33- 37 F5.3 --- [X/H]WASP-94A [0.14/0.5]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for WASP-94∼A
39- 43 F5.3 --- sigmuWASP-94A [0.001/0.13]? Standard deviation of
the mean
45- 49 F5.3 --- erratmWASP-94A [0.02/0.07]? Atmosphere uncertainty
51- 55 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]WASP-94A [0.025/0.13]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-WASP-94A
57- 61 F5.3 --- [X/H]WASP-69 [0.17/1.21]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for WASP-69
63- 67 F5.3 --- sigmuWASP-69 [0.01/0.25]? Standard deviation of the
mean
69- 73 F5.3 --- erratmWASP-69 [0.012/0.17]? Atmosphere uncertainty
75- 79 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]WASP-69 [0.028/0.25]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-WASP-69
81- 85 F5.3 --- [X/H]WASP-52 [0.03/0.85]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for WASP-52
87- 91 F5.3 --- sigmuWASP-52 [0.006/0.26]? Standard deviation of
the mean
93- 97 F5.3 --- erratmWASP-52 [0.02/0.12]? Atmosphere uncertainty
99- 103 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]WASP-52 [0.03/0.27]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-WASP-52
105- 109 F5.3 --- [X/H]WASP-47 [0.35/0.63]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for WASP-47
111- 115 F5.3 --- sigmuWASP-47 [0.004/0.09]? Standard deviation of
the mean
117- 121 F5.3 --- erratmWASP-47 [0.006/0.03]? Atmosphere uncertainty
123- 127 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]WASP-47 [0.016/0.09]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-WASP-47
129- 134 F6.3 --- [X/H]WASP-18 [-0.23/0.68] Average abundance for
X=Ion for WASP-18
136- 140 F5.3 --- sigmuWASP-18 [0.008/0.35] Standard deviation of the
mean
142- 146 F5.3 --- erratmWASP-18 [0.02/0.1] Atmosphere uncertainty
148- 152 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]WASP-18 [0.02/0.4] Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-WASP-18
154- 159 F6.3 --- [X/H]WASP-15 [-0.27/0.3]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for WASP-15
161- 165 F5.3 --- sigmuWASP-15 [0.009/0.169]? Standard deviation of
the mean
167- 171 F5.3 --- erratmWASP-15 [0.02/0.06]? Atmosphere uncertainty
173- 177 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]WASP-15 [0.026/0.18]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-WASP-15
179- 184 F6.3 --- [X/H]TOI-824 [-0.62/0.75]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for TOI-824
186- 190 F5.3 --- sigmuTOI-824 [0.006/0.21]? Standard deviation of
the mean
192- 196 F5.3 --- erratmTOI-824 [0.024/0.17]? Atmosphere uncertainty
198- 202 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]TOI-824 [0.049/0.23]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-TOI-824
204- 209 F6.3 --- [X/H]TOI-561 [-0.52/0.02]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for TOI-561
211- 215 F5.3 --- sigmuTOI-561 [0.004/0.11]? Standard deviation of
the mean
217- 221 F5.3 --- erratmTOI-561 [0.005/0.04]? Atmosphere uncertainty
223- 227 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]TOI-561 [0.013/0.12]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-TOI-561
229- 234 F6.3 --- [X/H]TOI-1130 [-0.26/0.85]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for TOI-1130
236- 240 F5.3 --- sigmuTOI-1130 [0.014/0.2]? Standard deviation of the
mean
242- 246 F5.3 --- erratmTOI-1130 [0.019/0.2]? Atmosphere uncertainty
248- 252 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]TOI-1130 [0.026/0.24]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-TOI-1130
254- 259 F6.3 --- [X/H]TOI-125 [-0.14/0.17]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for TOI-125
261- 265 F5.3 --- sigmuTOI-125 [0.003/0.11]? Standard deviation of
the mean
267- 271 F5.3 --- erratmTOI-125 [0.01/0.05]? Atmosphere uncertainty
273- 277 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]TOI-125 [0.015/0.12]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-TOI-125
279- 284 F6.3 --- [X/H]PH2 [-0.34/0.31]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for PH2
286- 290 F5.3 --- sigmuPH2 [0/0.21]? Standard deviation of the
mean
292- 296 F5.3 --- erratmPH2 [0.003/0.2]? Atmosphere uncertainty
298- 302 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]PH2 [0.003/0.3]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-PH2
304- 309 F6.3 --- [X/H]NGTS-2 [-0.27/0.33]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for NGTS-2
311- 315 F5.3 --- sigmuNGTS-2 [0/0.19]? Standard deviation of the
mean
317- 321 F5.3 --- erratmNGTS-2 [0.04/0.11]? Atmosphere uncertainty
323- 327 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]NGTS-2 [0.04/0.2]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-NGTS-2
329- 333 F5.3 --- [X/H]LTT9779 [0.19/0.54]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for LTT 9779
335- 339 F5.3 --- sigmuLTT9779 [0.008/0.12]? Standard deviation of
the mean
341- 345 F5.3 --- erratmLTT9779 [0.01/0.07]? Atmosphere uncertainty
347- 351 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]LTT9779 [0.019/0.12]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-LTT9779
353- 358 F6.3 --- [X/H]Kepler-12 [-0.1/0.32] Average abundance for
X=Ion for Kepler-12
360- 364 F5.3 --- sigmuKepler-12 [0.008/0.1] Standard deviation of the
mean
366- 370 F5.3 --- erratmKepler-12 [0.01/0.05] Atmosphere uncertainty
372- 376 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]Kepler-12 [0.02/0.11] Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-Kepler-12
378- 383 F6.3 --- [X/H]HD106315 [-0.46/0.62]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for HD 106315
385- 389 F5.3 --- sigmuHD106315 [0/0.23]? Standard deviation of the
mean
391- 395 F5.3 --- erratmHD106315 [0.03/0.09]? Atmosphere uncertainty
397- 401 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]HD106315 [0.04/0.25]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-HD106315
403- 408 F6.3 --- [X/H]HAT-P-30 [-0.11/0.2] Average abundance for
X=Ion for HAT-P-30
410- 414 F5.3 --- sigmuHAT-P-30 [0.003/0.16] Standard deviation of the
mean
416- 420 F5.3 --- erratmHAT-P-30 [0.005/0.2] Atmosphere uncertainty
422- 426 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]HAT-P-30 [0.009/0.16] Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-HAT-P-30
428- 433 F6.3 --- [X/H]GJ9827 [-0.67/0.44]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for GJ 9827
435- 439 F5.3 --- sigmuGJ9827 [0.018/0.5]? Standard deviation of the
mean
441- 445 F5.3 --- erratmGJ9827 [0.05/0.18]? Atmosphere uncertainty
447- 451 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]GJ9827 [0.068/0.5]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]-GJ9827
453- 457 F5.3 --- [X/H]GJ504 [0.039/0.6]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for GJ 504
459- 463 F5.3 --- sigmuGJ504 [0.007/0.22]? Standard deviation of
the mean
465- 469 F5.3 --- erratmGJ504 [0.008/0.04]? Atmosphere uncertainty
471- 475 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]GJ504 [0.02/0.22]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]GJ504
477- 481 F5.3 --- [X/H]14HER [0.28/1.03]? Average abundance for
X=Ion for 14 Herculis
483- 487 F5.3 --- sigmu14HER [0.012/0.18]? Standard deviation of
the mean
489- 493 F5.3 --- erratm14HER [0.02/0.1]? Atmosphere uncertainty
495- 499 F5.3 --- e_[X/H]14HER [0.04/0.2]? Total uncertainty in
[X/H]14HER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
b = For oxygen, we applied the NLTE corrections from
Ramirez+ (2007, J/A+A/465/271), and show the NLTE-corrected [O/H] here;
c = For potassium (K), only a single strong line is available.
Since lines with equivalent widths greater than 150mA are
excluded from the analysis, and in some cases the spectra do
not cover the K line, the abundance A(K) is not always available.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 0.1nm lambda [4465.8/8773.9] Wavelength
10- 13 F4.1 --- Ion [6/30] Ion identifier (1)
15- 20 F6.4 eV ExPot [0/9.15] Excitation potential
22- 27 F6.3 [-] loggf [-6.13/0.55] Log, statistical
weight*oscillator strength
29- 36 E8.2 --- C6 [7.42e-33/2.8] Damping constant of the line
38- 42 F5.1 10-13m ESPRESSO [7.5/158.1]? Equivalent width, solar
spectrum, with VLT/ESPRESSO
44- 48 F5.1 10-13m HIRES [8.2/158.1]? Equivalent width, solar
spectrum, with Keck/HIRES
50- 54 F5.1 10-13m HARPS [7.4/122.8]? Equivalent width, solar
spectrum, with ESO-3.6m/HARPS
56- 60 F5.1 10-13m FEROS [8.8/161.6]? Equivalent width, solar
spectrum, with ESO-2.2m/FEROS
62- 66 F5.1 10-13m UVES [10.2/154.2]? Equivalent width, solar
spectrum, with VLT/UVES
68- 72 F5.1 10-13m WASP-121 [10.5/146.2]? Equivalent width, WASP-121
74- 78 F5.1 10-13m WASP-94A [10.1/125]? Equivalent width, WASP-94A
80- 84 F5.1 10-13m WASP-69 [10.5/148.1]? Equivalent width, WASP-69
86- 90 F5.1 10-13m WASP-52 [10/181.3]? Equivalent width, WASP-52
92- 96 F5.1 10-13m WASP-47 [15.3/164]? Equivalent width, WASP-47
98- 102 F5.1 10-13m WASP-18 [10.4/140.1]? Equivalent width, WASP-18
104- 108 F5.1 10-13m WASP-15 [10/109.1]? Equivalent width, WASP-15
110- 114 F5.1 10-13m TOI-824 [10.3/178]? Equivalent width, TOI-824
116- 120 F5.1 10-13m TOI-561 [10.1/129.6]? Equivalent width, TOI-561
122- 126 F5.1 10-13m TOI-1130 [4.1/501.3]? Equivalent width, TOI-1130
128- 132 F5.1 10-13m TOI-125 [10.4/161.1]? Equivalent width, TOI-125
134- 138 F5.1 10-13m PH2 [12.2/161]? Equivalent width, PH2 (Keck)
140- 144 F5.1 10-13m NGTS-2 [11.1/125.4]? Equivalent width, NGTS-2
146- 150 F5.1 10-13m LTT9779 [10.3/179.7]? Equivalent width, LTT 9779
152- 156 F5.1 10-13m Kepler-12 [10.4/151]? Equivalent width, Kepler-12
158- 161 F4.1 10-13m HD106315 [10.2/94.3]? Equivalent width, HD 106315
163- 167 F5.1 10-13m HAT-P-30 [10/141.4]? Equivalent width, HAT-P-30
169- 173 F5.1 10-13m GJ9827 [10/346.4]? Equivalent width, GJ 9827
175- 179 F5.1 10-13m GJ504 [10.2/132.6]? Equivalent width, GJ 504
181- 185 F5.1 10-13m 14HER [14.6/283.7]? Equivalent width, 14 Herculis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Ion identifier: integer represents atomic number, fractional part
indicates ionization state (e.g., 26.0=FeI, 26.1=FeII).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
References:
Sun et al. Paper II. 2026ApJS..284...57S 2026ApJS..284...57S
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 22-Jul-2026