J/MNRAS/458/2 Gravitationally lensed quasars (Rusu+, 2016)
Subaru Telescope adaptive optics observations of gravitationally lensed quasars
in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
Rusu C.E., Oguri M., Minowa Y., Iye M., Inada N., Oya S., Kayo I.,
Hayano Y., Hattori M., Saito Y., Ito M., Pyo T.-S., Terada H., Takami H.,
Watanabe M.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 458, 2-55 (2016)>
=2016MNRAS.458....2R 2016MNRAS.458....2R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Gravitational lensing ; QSOs
Keywords: gravitational lensing: strong - instrumentation: adaptive optics -
methods: data analysis - quasars: supermassive black holes -
dark matter
Abstract:
We present the results of an imaging observation campaign conducted
with the Subaru Telescope adaptive optics system (IRCS+AO188) on 28
gravitationally lensed quasars and candidates (23 doubles, 1 quad, 1
possible triple, and 3 candidates) from the SDSS Quasar Lens Search.
We develop a novel modelling technique that fits analytical and hybrid
point spread functions (PSFs), while simultaneously measuring the
relative astrometry, photometry, as well as the lens galaxy
morphology. We account for systematics by simulating the observed
systems using separately observed PSF stars. The measured relative
astrometry is comparable with that typically achieved with the Hubble
Space Telescope, even after marginalizing over the PSF uncertainty. We
model for the first time the quasar host galaxies in five systems,
without a priori knowledge of the PSF, and show that their
luminosities follow the known correlation with the mass of the
supermassive black hole. For each system, we obtain mass models far
more accurate than those previously published from low-resolution
data, and we show that in our sample of lensing galaxies the observed
light profile is more elliptical than the mass, for ellipticity
≳0.25. We also identify eight doubles for which the sources of
external and internal shear are more reliably separated, and should
therefore be prioritized in monitoring campaigns aimed at measuring
time delays in order to infer the Hubble constant.
Description:
We described the results of a large imaging campaign with the Subaru
Telescope AO, aimed at obtaining high-resolution observations of
gravitationally lensed quasars from SQLS.
The observations were performed between 2011 and 2014.
28 objects were successfully observed.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 71 35 Summary of observations
table3a.dat 76 22 *Information on lens systems
table3.dat 100 98 Relative astrometry and photometry of the
lens systems
table4.dat 74 50 Morphological parameters
table6.dat 82 9 Quasar host galaxy properties
tablea1.dat 83 47 TT and PSF stars
tablea2.dat 73 43 Analytical parameters for all best-fitted object
and star PSFs, determined with hostlens
table2.dat 194 30 Technique of morphology fitting
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Note on table3a.dat: The results for SDSS J1405+0959, presented in a separate
publication, are not included (see Appendix B19).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Object name (SDSS JHHMM+DDMM)
16 A1 --- n_Name [d] Note on Name (1)
18- 23 A6 --- GStar Guide star
25- 30 A6 s ExpTime Exposure time (NNxNNN) (2)
32- 33 A2 --- Filt Filter
35- 36 I2 mas PixScale Pixel scale
38- 46 A9 --- Airmass Airmass
48- 53 A6 --- Cal Photometric calibration
54 A1 --- n_Cal [abcef] Note on Cal (1)
56- 71 A16 --- Obs.date Observation date (UTC)
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Note (1): Notes as follows:
a = Based on 1 star in the FOV
b = based on 3 stars in the FOV
c = based on 1 star and 1 galaxy in the FOV
d = refers to SDSS J092634.56+305945.9
e = dark sky pattern may affect model photometry
f = compared the total magnitude with the measurement in 2MASS
Note (2): Exposure times show the number of frames that were combined in the
final science frame.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3a.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Name
16 A1 --- n_Name [g] Note on Name (1)
18- 26 A9 --- Param Parameter (theta or max.sep.)
27- 31 F5.3 arcsec Value Parameter value
33- 38 F6.4 arcsec e_Value rms uncertainty on Value
39 A1 --- n_Value [b] Note on Value (1)
41- 45 F5.3 --- zs Redshift of the source quasar
47 A1 --- l_zl [~] Limit flag on zl
48- 52 F5.3 --- zl Redshift of the main lens galaxy (2)
53 A1 --- --- [-]
54- 56 F3.1 --- zlu ? Upper value of zl interval
57 A1 --- n_zl [cehb] Note on zl (1)
59- 60 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000) (3)
61- 62 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000) (3)
63- 67 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000) (3)
68 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000) (3)
69- 70 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000) (3)
71- 72 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000) (3)
73- 76 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000) (3)
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Note (1): Notes as follows:
b = The zero-point error is 0.14mag for both SDSS J0820+0812 and
SDSS J1620+1203
c = In addition to the quoted errors on photometry, a systematic error of
0.05mag was obtained during simulations, which should be added to the
absolute photometry, but does not affect the relative values
e = The astrometry for SDSS J1206+4332 should be considered less reliable
(see Appendix B10)
g = The astrometry represents the average over the H and K" bands, and the
magnitudes of G1 and G2 were obtained from aperture photometry
h = Absolute photometry is unreliable due to non-photometric conditions
Note (2): where zl is approximate, its value is a photometric redshift estimate.
Note (3): Positions added by CDS from SDSS names
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name SDSS name
17- 23 A7 --- Object Object
24 A1 --- n_Object [d] Note on Object (1)
25 A1 --- l_DX [~] Limit flag on DX
26- 32 F7.3 arcsec DX Offset in X direction (positive to west)
34- 39 F6.4 arcsec e_DX ? rms uncertainty on DX (2)
40 A1 --- n_DX (])
41 A1 --- l_DY [~] Limit flag on DY
42- 48 F7.3 arcsec DY Offset in Y direction (positive to north)
50- 55 F6.4 arcsec e_DY ? rms uncertainty on DY (2)
56 A1 --- n_DY (])
57- 61 F5.2 mag K'mag ? K' magnitude (Vega) (3)
63- 66 F4.2 mag e_K'mag ? rms uncertainty on K'mag
67 A1 --- n_K'mag [ad] Note on K'mag
69- 73 F5.2 mag K'4mag ? K' (Sersic index = 4) magnitude (Vega) (3)
75- 78 F4.2 mag e_K'4mag ? rms uncertainty on K'4mag
79 A1 --- n_K'4mag [f] Note on K'4mag
80- 84 F5.2 mag Jmag ? J magnitude (Vega) (3)
86- 89 F4.2 mag e_Jmag ? rms uncertainty on Jmag
91- 95 F5.2 mag Hmag ? H magnitude (Vega) (3)
97-100 F4.2 mag e_Hmag ? rms uncertainty on Hmag
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Note (1): Notes as follows:
a = The fluxes are estimated with hostlens for the point source, and reflect
the uncertainty in the host galaxy-quasar disentangling, therefore
attached errors should not be used to estimate the error on the flux
ratio, which are smaller.
d = Aperture photometry is given, and the positions and their errors are
measured with the iraf PHOT task.
f = Sersic index of G1a (not G1b) is fixed at 4.
Note (2): The error bars on the astrometry do not include the systematic errors
in Table A3. The objects without attached error bars on the positions are
located at a relatively large distance from the target, where the residual
distortion is expected to be large.
Note (3): Magnitudes are in the Vega system. All magnitudes are corrected for
atmospheric and Galactic extinction.
For the objects where the quasar host galaxy has been explicitly modelled,
relative photometry of the images includes the contribution of the point
source as well as the host.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name SDSS name
17- 19 A3 --- Object Object
20- 29 A10 --- Note Note
30- 33 F4.2 --- e ? Ellipticity
35- 38 F4.2 --- e_e ? rms uncertainty on e
39 A1 --- n_e [uf] u for Unreliable, f for fixed
41- 46 F6.2 deg PA []?=- Position angle (is positive from north
towards east)
48- 52 F5.2 deg e_PA ? rms uncertainty on PA
54- 57 F4.2 arcsec re Effective radius
59- 62 F4.2 arcsec e_re rms uncertainty on Re
64 A1 --- l_n [~] Limit flag on n
65- 68 F4.2 --- n Sersic number
70- 73 F4.2 --- e_n ? rms uncertainty on n
74 A1 --- n_n [f] f for fixed
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name SDSS name
17- 18 A2 --- l_K'magH [≳] Limit flag on K'magH
19- 23 F5.2 mag K'magH Host K' magnitude
25- 28 F4.2 mag e_K'magH ? rms uncertainty on K'magH
30 A1 --- l_K'magN [~] Limit flag on K'magn
31- 35 F5.2 mag K'magN Nucleus K' magnitude
37- 40 F4.2 mag e_K'magN ? rms uncertainty on K'magn (1)
42 A1 --- l_e [~] Limit flag on e
43- 46 F4.2 --- e Ellipticity of the host
48- 51 F4.2 --- e_e ? rms uncertainty on e (1)
53- 56 F4.2 arcsec Reff ?=- Effective radius in arcsec
58- 61 F4.2 arcsec e_Reff ? rms uncertainty on Reff
63 A1 --- l_Reffk [~] Limit flag on Reffk
64- 66 F3.1 kpc Reffk ?=- Effective radius in kpc
68- 71 F4.2 --- n ?=- Sersic index
73- 76 F4.2 --- e_n ? rms uncertainty on n (1)
77 A1 ---- n_n [f] f for fixed Sersic index
79- 82 F4.2 --- Host/QSO Flux ratio in the source plane
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Note (1): Error bars include those resulting from the simulations with a real
PSF and noise, but not from the uncertainty in the radial slope of the lens
mass profile.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [SDSS]
6- 25 A20 --- SDSS SDSS name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss)
27- 45 A19 --- OName Description (TT or PSF or TT (PSF) JHHMM+DDMM)
47 A1 --- Band [KR] Band
49 A1 --- --- [=]
51- 55 F5.2 mag mag Magnitude in Band (from NOMAD catalog,
Cat. I/297)
57 A1 --- l_Sep [~] Limit flag on Sep
58- 61 F4.1 arcsec Sep ? Separation (1)
62 A1 --- --- [;]
64- 67 F4.1 arcsec Sep2 ? Second separation value
69- 83 A15 --- Name SDSS name has in the other tables
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Note (1): Separation specifies the distance between the TT star and the object,
and between the TT and the PSF star, respectively.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name SDSS name
17- 22 A6 --- Code Technique of morphology fitting code
described in table2.dat
24- 27 F4.2 arcsec FWHM1 Core profile FWHM (1)
29- 32 F4.2 --- e1 Core ellipticity (1)
34- 38 F5.1 deg PA1 [] Core position angle
(positive from north towards east) (1)
40- 44 F5.1 --- beta1 Core beta parameter (1)
45 A1 --- n_beta1 [f] f for fixed
47- 50 F4.2 arcsec FWHM2 ?=- Wings profile FWHM (1)
52- 55 F4.2 --- e2 ?=- Wings ellipticity (1)
57- 61 F5.1 deg PA2 []?=- Wings position angle
(positive from north towards east) (1)
63- 65 F3.1 --- beta2 ?=- Wings beta parameter (1)
67- 70 F4.2 --- F1/(F1+F2) ?=- Total to core flux ratio
72- 73 I2 % Strehl ?=- Strehl ratios were computed by comparing
the peak flux of the PSF with that of a
diffraction-limited PSF model
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Note (1): The fitting was performed on the co-added, final frames.
Affix 1 refers to the core, and affix 2 refers to the wings, both modelled
as Moffat profiles.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file:table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Object name (SDSS JHHMM+DDMM)
17- 24 A8 --- Code Technique of morphology fitting code
26-194 A169 --- Tech Technique of morphology fitting
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 25-Nov-2016