J/MNRAS/468/2058 Boxy/peanut-shaped bulges in barred galaxies (Edwin+, 2017)
The frequency and stellar-mass dependence of boxy/peanut-shaped bulges in
barred galaxies.
Erwin P., Debattista V.P.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 468, 2058-2080 (2017)>
=2017MNRAS.468.2058E 2017MNRAS.468.2058E (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxy catalogs ; Morphology
Keywords: galaxies: bulges - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD -
galaxies: spiral - galaxies: structure
Abstract:
From a sample of 84 local barred, moderately inclined disc galaxies,
we determine the fraction that hosts boxy or peanut-shaped (B/P)
bulges (the vertically thickened inner parts of bars). We find that
the frequency of B/P bulges in barred galaxies is a very strong
function of stellar mass: 79 per cent of the bars in galaxies with log
(M*/M☉)w≥10.4 have B/P bulges, while only 12 per cent of those
in lower mass galaxies do. (We find a similar dependence in data
published by Yoshino & Yamauchi for edge-on galaxies.) There are also
strong trends with other galaxy parameters - e.g. Hubble type: 77 per
cent of S0-Sbc bars, but only 15 per cent of Sc-Sd bars, have B/P
bulges - but these appear to be side effects of the correlations of
these parameters with stellar mass. In particular, despite indications
from models that a high gas content can suppress bar buckling, we find
no evidence that the (atomic) gas mass ratio MHI+He/M* affects the
presence of B/P bulges, once the stellar-mass dependence is controlled
for. The semimajor axes of B/P bulges range from one-quarter to
three-quarters of the full bar size, with a mean of
Rbox/Lbar=0.42±0.09 and Rbox/aε=0.53±0.12 (where
Rbox is the size of the B/P bulge and aε and Lbar are
lower and upper limits on the size of the bar).
Description:
From a parent sample of 186 local disc galaxies with inclinations
between 40° and 70°, we have carefully defined a subset of 84
barred galaxies with orientations (bar position angle ≤60° away
from the disc major axis) ideal for determining the presence or
absence of B/P bulges inside the bars.Within this subsample, we find a
total of 44 barred galaxies with B/P bulges, plus two more that are
currently in the vertical buckling stage and will likely transform
into hosts of B/P bulges in the next Gyr or so. The remainder show no
evidence for B/P bulges and most likely have vertically thin bars.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 90 84 *Bar and B/P bulge measurements
tabled1.dat 98 186 General galaxy parameters for the complete
parent sample
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Note on table1.dat: This table contains measurements of bars and (if present)
boxy/peanut-shaped bulges (B/P bulges) for galaxies in the GoodPA subsample.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Galaxy Name
15- 16 I2 deg dPAbar Position angle between bar and major axis,
deprojected
20- 22 I3 deg PAbar Position angle of bar on sky
27- 31 F5.1 arcsec amax Maximum-ellipticity radius of bar, observed
36- 39 F4.2 kpc amaxdp Maximum-ellipticity radius of bar,
deprojected
43- 47 F5.1 arcsec Lbar Bar upper-limit radius, observed
51- 55 F5.2 kpc Lbardp Bar upper-limit radius, deprojected
59- 61 I3 deg PAbox ? Position angle of B/P bulge on sky
66- 69 F4.1 arcsec Rbox ? Semi-major axis of B/P bulge, observed
73- 76 F4.2 kpc Rboxdp ? Semi-major axis of B/P bulge, deprojected
80- 83 F4.2 --- Rbox/amax ? Size of B/P bulge relative to amax,
deprojected
87- 90 F4.2 --- Rbox/Lbar ? Size of B/P bulge relative to Lbar,
deprojected
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Galaxy Name
13- 33 A21 --- Type Hubble type from RC3
42 A1 --- Bar [Y/N] Bar present
45- 49 F5.2 Mpc Dist Distance
55- 56 I2 --- r_Dist [0/16]?=0 Source for distance (1)
64- 65 I2 deg i Inclination
68- 70 I3 deg PA Major axis position angle
73- 78 F6.2 mag KMAG ? K-band absolute magnitude
81- 85 F5.2 [Msun] LogMstar Log of stellar mass
88 I1 --- r_LogMstar [1/3] Source for stellar mass (2)
90 A1 --- l_LogMHI Limit flag on LogMHI
91- 95 F5.2 [Msun] LogMHI ? Log of H I mass
98 I1 --- r_LogMHI [1/4] Source for H I mass (3)
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Note (1): Source of distance as follows:
1 = HyperLeda redshift (corrected for Virgo-centric infall)
2 = Tully-Fisher from literature data, using Sorce et al.
(2014MNRAS.444..527S 2014MNRAS.444..527S, Cat. J/MNRAS/444/527), Eqn. 1
3 = Cepheids (Freedman et al., 2001ApJ...553...47F 2001ApJ...553...47F)
4 = Tully-Fisher (Sorce et al., 2014, Cat. J/MNRAS/444/527)
5 = SBF distance from Tonry et al. (2001ApJ...546..681T 2001ApJ...546..681T), including
metallicity correction from Mei et al. (2005ApJ...625..121M 2005ApJ...625..121M)
6 = Cepheids (Qing et al., 2015ApJ...799...19Q 2015ApJ...799...19Q)
7 = default Fornax Cluster distance (Blakeslee et al., 2009ApJ...694..556B 2009ApJ...694..556B)
8 = Cepheids (Riess et al. 2016, Cat. J/ApJ/826/56)
9 = SBF (Blakeslee et al., 2009ApJ...694..556B 2009ApJ...694..556B)
10 = mean of T-F distances from (Theureau et al., 2007, Cat. J/A+A/465/71)
11 = Cepheids (Macri et al., 2001ApJ...559..243M 2001ApJ...559..243M)
12 = TRGB (Dalcanton et al., 2009ApJS..183...67D 2009ApJS..183...67D)
13 = SBF distance of interacting neighbor NGC 3226
(Tonry et al., 2001ApJ...546..681T 2001ApJ...546..681T)
14 = SBF (Mei et al., 2007, Cat. J/ApJ/655/144)
15 = default Virgo Cluster distance (Mei et al., 2007, Cat. J/ApJ/655/144)
16 = TRBG (mean of NED values)
17 = Tully-Fisher (Springob et al., 2009 erratum, ApJS, vol. 182, p. 474)
18 = Tully-Fisher (mean of Springob et al., 2007ApJS..172..599S 2007ApJS..172..599S, erratum 2009,
ApJS, vol. 182, p. 474, Nasanova et al., 2011, Cat. J/A+A/532/A104,
Tully et al., 2013, Cat. J/AJ/146/86)
Note (2): Source for stellar mass as follows:
1 = optical color + Bell et al. (2003ApJS..149..289B 2003ApJS..149..289B)
2 = Zaritsky et al. (2014, Cat. J/AJ/147/134)
3 = Cook et al. (2014, Cat. J/MNRAS/445/899)
Note (3): Source for neutral gas mass as follows:
1 = HyperLeda
2 = NED
3 = Serra et al. (2012MNRAS.422.1835S 2012MNRAS.422.1835S)
4 = Giovanardi et al. (1983AJ.....88.1719G 1983AJ.....88.1719G),
Boselli et al. (2014, Cat. J/A+A/564/A65)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 13-Dec-2019