J/MNRAS/480/1507 1.87 and 2.07um observations of 3 GC clusters (Tanaka+, 2018)
The 1.87- and 2.07-µm observations of three Galactic Centre clusters with
miniTAO at Atacama: classification of stellar components in massive star
clusters.
Tanaka M., Okumura S.-I., Takahashi H., Osawa K., Motohara K., Konishi M.,
Tateuchi K., Kato N., Morokuma T., Ohsawa R., Koshida S., Yoshii Y.,
Nishimura Y.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 480, 1507-1521 (2018)>
=2018MNRAS.480.1507T 2018MNRAS.480.1507T (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, Wolf-Rayet ; Galactic center ; Infrared sources
Keywords: stars: massive - stars: Wolf-Rayet - Galaxy: centre - infrared: stars
Abstract:
In order to investigate populations of massive stars in massive star
clusters, we have constructed a near-infrared image set: narrow bands
of 1.87 and 2.07µm and the Ks standard band with miniTAO, a 1-m
infrared telescope at Atacama. First, we observed the well-known three
massive star clusters near the Galactic Centre. Colour-colour diagrams
made from the set of images show clear excess in 1.87µm for WN-type
Wolf-Rayet stars, luminous blue variables and Ofpe stars, and also
clear excess in 2.07µm for WC-type Wolf-Rayet stars. Our detection
in 1.87µm agrees well with the 1.87-µm detection with the Hubble
Space Telescope by Dong et al. The 1.87-µm excess of WN stars seems
to have a clear correlation to the Ks magnitude. The correlation
suggests that the 1.87-µm excess originates in recombination line
emission of H and He, and the Ks magnitude includes free-free
radiation. Moreover, the Ks magnitude of WN-late stars, excluding the
component of the free-free emission, seems to have nearly a common Ks
magnitude. However, the colour-colour diagrams also enable us to find
the extinction for each star and thus to draw extinction maps.
Furthermore, almost all Mira variables reported by Matsunaga et al.
are detected in our images. By using the extinction maps, several tens
of extremely red sources except for Mira variables are detected. These
are considered to be possibly low-temperature (T<1000K) objects.
Description:
We have obtained 5x5arcmin2 images centred on three massive-star
clusters: the Galactic Centre cluster, the Quintuplet cluster and the
Arches cluster. We use two narrow-band filters of 1.87 and 2.07µm
and the Ks filter. The observations were carried out on photometric
nights in 2009 June and 2011 April, using the Atacama Near-Infrared
Camera (ANIR; Motohara et al. (2008SPIE.7014E..2TM); Konishi et al.
(2015PASJ...67....4K 2015PASJ...67....4K)) attached to a 1-m infrared telescope, miniTAO
(Minezaki et al. 2010SPIE.7733E..56M 2010SPIE.7733E..56M), constructed at the summit of
Cerro Chajnantor (altitude of 5640 m) in the Atacama desert near the
ALMA site, northern Chile.
The filters we used have the centre wavelength and FWHM of (1876nm,
8nm), (2074nm, 40nm) and (2150nm, 320nm) for the N1875, N207 and Ks
filters, respectively.
In Tables 4-6, we summarize the stars detected by us together with the
previous data.
Dong et al. (2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D) show a fine 1.87µm
image observed with the HST. They detected ∼57000 sources in
39x15arcmin2 and they list 152 primary plus 189 secondary sources in
their tables. Our three observed areas (5x5arcmin2 each) are covered
by their observed region. Thus, we can compare the detected sources.
The results are summarized in Tables 7-9 for each area.
In Tables 11-13, we list the residual ERS, which are defined here to be
apparent AKs larger than the local value plus 3mag.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 92 17 Our detection of known WR stars in the Galactic
Centre cluster area
table5.dat 84 24 Our detection of known WR stars/LBVs in the
Quintuplet cluster area
table6.dat 83 19 Our detection of known WR stars in the Arches
cluster area
table7.dat 65 28 Correspondence of FN1875 detection with
Dong et al. (2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D) for the
sources of the Galactic Centre cluster area
table8.dat 64 31 Correspondence of FN1875 detection with
Dong et al. (2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D) for the
sources of the Quintuplet cluster area
table9.dat 65 26 Correspondence of FN1875 detection with
Dong et al. (2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D) for the
sources of the Arches cluster area
table11.dat 69 41 Extremely red sources (non-Miras) with T<1000K
in the Galactic Centre cluster area
table12.dat 72 15 Extremely red sources (non-Miras) with T<1000K
in the Quintuplet cluster area
table13.dat 65 9 Extremely red sources (non-Miras) with T<1000K
in the Arches cluster area
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- ID Star ID (CNNNN)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks-band magnitude
37- 42 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
44- 49 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
51- 57 A7 --- OName Star designation
59 A1 --- r_OName Reference for the Star designation (3)
61- 74 A14 --- Subclass Star Subclass (4)
76- 80 F5.2 mag Kmag K-band magnitude (4)
81 A1 --- --- [/]
82- 85 F4.2 mag Kmag2 ? Second value of K-band magnitude (4)
87- 92 A6 --- n_Subclass ?=- Comments on the star subclass (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0161)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
Note (3): References as follows:
a = van der Hucht (2006A&A...458..453V 2006A&A...458..453V, Cat. J/A+A/458/453)
b = Mauerhan et al. (2010ApJ...710..706M 2010ApJ...710..706M)
Note (4): Data taken from van der Hucht
(2006A&A...458..453V 2006A&A...458..453V, Cat. J/A+A/458/453)
Note (5): Note as follows:
WN/WC* = C3056 (=WR101c), shows a clear n207 excess together with a
large n187 excess. This star is possibly a WN/WC star
(in transition) or WN+WC
WC* = C3398 (=WR101dc), which is classified as WN8 in van der Hucht
(2006A&A...458..453V 2006A&A...458..453V, Cat. J/A+A/458/453), shows no excess in
n187 and a clear excess in n207, and the Ks magnitude is
consistent with van der Hucht, so that it is possibly a WC star
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 A5 --- ID Star ID (QNNNN)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks-band magnitude
37- 42 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
44- 49 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
51- 62 A12 --- OName Star designation
64 A1 --- r_OName Reference for the Star designation (3)
66- 73 A8 --- Subclass Star Subclass (4)
75- 79 F5.2 mag Kmag K-band magnitude (4)
81- 84 A4 --- n_Subclass ?=- Comments on the star subclass (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0134)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
Note (3): References as follows:
a = van der Hucht (2006A&A...458..453V 2006A&A...458..453V, Cat. J/A+A/458/453)
b = Mauerhan et al. (2010ApJ...713L..33M 2010ApJ...713L..33M)
c = Mauerhan et al. (2010ApJ...710..706M 2010ApJ...710..706M)
d = Liermann et al. (2009A&A...494.1137L 2009A&A...494.1137L, Cat. J/A+A/494/1137)
e = Mauerhan et al. (2010ApJ...725..188M 2010ApJ...725..188M)
Note (4): Data taken from van der Hucht
(2006A&A...458..453V 2006A&A...458..453V, Cat. J/A+A/458/453)
Note (5): Note as follows:
WNE* = Q3508 (=WR102g), classified as WC8, is spatially located in
the central area but seems to be isolated. Based on the
location in our diagram, it is probably a WN star.
This star is identified as LHO34 by Liermann et al.
(2009A&A...494.1137L 2009A&A...494.1137L, Cat. J/A+A/494/1137), and their
spectrum seems to indicate the features of a WNE star
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- ID Star ID (ANNNN)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks-band magnitude
37- 42 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
44- 49 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
51- 58 A8 --- OName Star designation
60 A1 --- r_OName Reference for the Star designation (3)
62- 72 A11 --- Subclass Star Subclass (4)
74- 83 A10 mag Kmag K-band magnitude (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0147)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
Note (3): References as follows:
a = van der Hucht (2006A&A...458..453V 2006A&A...458..453V, Cat. J/A+A/458/453)
b = Mauerhan et al. (2010ApJ...710..706M 2010ApJ...710..706M)
c = Mauerhan et al. (2010ApJ...725..188M 2010ApJ...725..188M)
Note (4): Data taken from van der Hucht
(2006A&A...458..453V 2006A&A...458..453V, Cat. J/A+A/458/453)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- ID1 ?=- Star ID in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
6- 9 F4.1 mag Ks1mag ? Ks magnitude in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
11- 13 F3.1 --- F187/F190 ? Ratio F187/F190 in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
15- 22 A8 --- Type ?=- Type of the object in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
24- 28 A5 --- ID Star ID in this study (CNNNN)
30- 34 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks magnitude in this study
36- 41 F6.3 --- log(n187) ? Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
43- 48 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
50- 65 A16 --- Comment ? Comment on the 187 excess
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0161)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- ID1 Star ID in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
6- 9 F4.1 mag Ks1mag ? Ks magnitude in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
11- 13 F3.1 --- F187/F190 Ratio F187/F190 in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
15- 21 A7 --- Type ?=- Type of the object in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
23- 27 A5 --- ID Star ID in this study (QNNNN)
29- 33 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks magnitude in this study
35- 40 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
42- 47 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
49- 64 A16 --- Comment ? Comment on the 187 excess
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0134)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- ID1 Star ID in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
6- 9 F4.1 mag Ks1mag ? Ks magnitude in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
11- 13 F3.1 --- F187/F190 Ratio F187/F190 in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
15- 22 A8 --- Type ?=- Type of the object in Dong et al.
(2011MNRAS.417..114D 2011MNRAS.417..114D, Cat. J/MNRAS/417/114)
24- 28 A5 --- ID Star ID in this study (ANNNN)
30- 34 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks magnitude in this study
36- 41 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
43- 48 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
50- 65 A16 --- Comment ? Comment on the 187 excess
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0147)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- ID Star ID (CNNNN)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks-band magnitude
37- 42 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
44- 49 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
51- 54 F4.2 mag AAKs Average extinction (3)
56- 59 F4.2 mag LAKs Local extinction
61- 69 A9 --- Comment Comment on the source (4)
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Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0161)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
Note (3): AKs=-32.6log(n207)
Typical errors of the AKs determination are 0.2-0.3mag
Note (4): Sources within 2 arcsec from the objects in SIMBAD; BSD96 by
Blum et al. (2003ApJ...597..323B 2003ApJ...597..323B);
CXOGC by Muno et al. (2009ApJS..181..110M 2009ApJS..181..110M).
Sources listed as SSTGC here are detected within 1 arcsec in three
channels ([3.6], [4.5], [8.0]) of Spitzer/IRAC.
* Source C2468 is also identified as V4513 Sgr (OH/IR), BSD96-188.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 A5 --- ID Star ID (QNNNN)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks-band magnitude
37- 42 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
44- 49 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
51- 54 F4.2 mag AAKs Average extinction (3)
56- 59 F4.2 mag LAKs Local extinction
61- 72 A12 --- Comment Comment on the source (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0134)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
Note (3): AKs=-32.6log(n207)
Typical errors of the AKs determination are 0.2-0.3mag
Note (4): Sources within 2 arcsec from the objects in SIMBAD;
LHO by Liermann et al. (2009A&A...494.1137L 2009A&A...494.1137L).
Sources listed as SSTGC here are detected within 1 arcsec in three
channels ([3.6], [4.5], [8.0]) of Spitzer/IRAC.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table13.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- ID Star ID (ANNNN)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 mag Ksmag Ks-band magnitude
37- 42 F6.3 --- log(n187) Log of the normalized ratio of FN1875/FKs (1)
44- 49 F6.3 --- log(n207) Log of the normalized ratio of FN207/FKs (2)
51- 54 F4.2 mag AAKs Average extinction (3)
56- 59 F4.2 mag LAKs Local extinction
61- 65 A5 --- Comment Comment on the source (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): log(n187)=log(FN1875/FKs/0.0147)
Note (2): log(n207)=log(FN207/FKs/0.130)
Note (3): AKs=-32.6log(n207)
Typical errors of the AKs determination are 0.2-0.3mag
Note (4): Sources listed as SSTGC here are detected within 1 arcsec in three
channels ([3.6], [4.5], [8.0]) of Spitzer/IRAC.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Ana Fiallos [CDS] 20-May-2022