J/MNRAS/486/5535 Parameters of 15 Cataclysmic Variables (McAllister+, 2019)
The evolutionary status of Cataclysmic Variables:
eclipse modelling of 15 systems.
McAllister M., Littlefair S.P., Parsons S.G., Dhillon V.S., Marsh T.R.,
Gansicke B.T., Breedt E., Copperwheat C., Green M.J., Knigge C.,
Sahman D.I., Dyer M.J., Kerry P., Ashley R.P., Irawati P., Rattanasoon S.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 486, 5535-5551 (2019)>
=2019MNRAS.486.5535M 2019MNRAS.486.5535M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, cataclysmic ; Binaries, eclipsing ; Stars, white dwarf ;
Novae ; Stars, masses ; Stars, diameters ; Photometry, SDSS
Keywords: binaries: close - binaries: eclipsing - stars: dwarf novae -
stars: evolution - novae, cataclysmic variables - white dwarfs
Abstract:
We present measurements of the component masses in 15 Cataclysmic
Variables (CVs) - 6 new estimates and 9 improved estimates. We provide
new calibrations of the relationship between superhump period excess
and mass ratio, and use this relation to estimate donor star masses
for 225 superhumping CVs. With an increased sample of donor masses we
revisit the implications for CV evolution. We confirm the high mass of
white dwarfs in CVs, but find no trend in white dwarf mass with
orbital period. We argue for a revision in the location of the orbital
period minimum of CVs to 79.6±0.2min, significantly shorter than
previous estimates. We find that CV donors below the gap have an
intrinsic scatter of only 0.005R☉ around a common evolutionary
track, implying a correspondingly small variation in angular momentum
loss (AML) rates. In contrast to prior studies, we find that standard
CV evolutionary tracks - without additional AML - are a reasonable fit
to the donor masses just below the period gap, but that they do not
reproduce the observed period minimum, or fit the donor radii below
0.1M☉.
Description:
The observations in this paper span a range of dates from 2003 May to
2017 Feb. All data were taken with the triple-band fast camera
ULTRACAM, or the single-band fast camera ULTRASPEC. ULTRACAM data were
taken on three telescopes; the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope (WHT)
situated at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, Spain,
the 8.2-m Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Paranal, Chile, and the 3.5-m
New Technology Telescope (NTT) located at La Silla, Chile. All
ULTRASPEC data were taken using the 2.4-m Thai National Telescope
(TNT), located on Doi Inthanon in Thailand. All observations were
obtained using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) filter set, with
the exception of some of the ULTRASPEC observations, which use the KG5
filter. This filter is described in detail in Hardy et al.
(2017MNRAS.465.4968H 2017MNRAS.465.4968H, Cat. J/MNRAS/465/4968); it is a broad-band
filter encompassing the SDSS u', g', and r' passbands. For a full
journal of observations, see Table C1.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 116 15 Ephemerides for the CVs modelled in this paper
table2.dat 220 15 System parameters for the 15 eclipsing systems
analysed in this paper
table3.dat 87 25 Orbital (Porb) and superhump (Psh) periods of
the systems used to calibrate the ε(q)
relation
tablea1.dat 118 46 System parameters for supplementary systems
tablec1.dat 106 160 Journal of observations
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 24 A24 --- Name System name
26- 27 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
29- 30 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
32- 36 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
38 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
39- 40 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
42- 43 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
45- 48 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
50- 53 F4.1 mag gmag Out of eclipse magnitude
55- 67 F13.7 d T0 Mid-eclipse time of cycle 0
69- 77 F9.7 d e_T0 Error on T0
79 A1 --- f_T0 Flag on T0 (1)
81- 93 F13.11 d Porb Orbital period
95-107 F13.11 d e_Porb Error on Porb
109-110 I2 --- Necl Number of eclipses obtained
112-116 A5 --- Refs References for additional eclipse times (2)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Heliocentric times in HMJD(UTC)
b = Barycentric times in BMJD(TDB)
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Tappert, Augusteijn & Maza (2004MNRAS.354..321T 2004MNRAS.354..321T)
2 = Howell et al. (1988MNRAS.233...79H 1988MNRAS.233...79H)
3 = Patterson et al. (2000PASP..112.1584P 2000PASP..112.1584P)
4 = Nogami et al. (2001MNRAS.322...79N 2001MNRAS.322...79N)
5 = Southworth et al. (2010A&A...510A.100S 2010A&A...510A.100S, Cat. J/A+A/510/A100)
6 = Thorstensen, Alper & Weil (2016AJ....152..226T 2016AJ....152..226T, Cat. J/AJ/152/226)
7 = Woudt (private communication)
8 = Coppejans (private communication)
9 = Dillon et al. (2008MNRAS.386.1568D 2008MNRAS.386.1568D)
10 = Southworth et al. (2007MNRAS.382.1145S 2007MNRAS.382.1145S)
11 = Bours (private communication)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name System name
11- 16 F6.4 --- q Mass ratio
18- 23 F6.4 --- E_q Upper error on q
25- 30 F6.4 --- e_q Lower error on q
32- 36 F5.3 Msun M1 White dwarf mass
38- 42 F5.3 Msun E_M1 Upper error on M1
44- 48 F5.3 Msun e_M1 Lower error on M1
50- 56 F7.5 Rsun R1 White dwarf radius
58- 64 F7.5 Rsun E_R1 Upper error on R1
66- 72 F7.5 Rsun e_R1 Lower error on R1
74- 78 F5.3 Msun M2 Donor mass
80- 84 F5.3 Msun E_M2 Upper error on M2
86- 90 F5.3 Msun e_M2 Lower error on M2
92- 97 F6.4 Rsun R2 Donor radius
99-104 F6.4 Rsun E_R2 Upper error on R2
106-111 F6.4 Rsun e_R2 Lower error on R2
113-117 F5.3 Rsun a Binary separation
119-123 F5.3 Rsun E_a Upper error on a
125-129 F5.3 Rsun e_a Lower error on a
131-135 F5.1 km/s K1 Radial velocity of the white dwarf
137-139 F3.1 km/s E_K1 Upper error on K1
141-143 F3.1 km/s e_K1 Lower error on K1
145-149 F5.1 km/s K2 Radial velocity of the donor
151-154 F4.1 km/s E_K2 Upper error on K2
156-159 F4.1 km/s e_K2 Lower error on K2
161-165 F5.2 deg i Inclination
167-170 F4.2 deg E_i Upper error on i
172-175 F4.2 deg e_i Lower error on i
177-181 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity of the white dwarf
183-187 F5.3 [cm/s2] E_logg Upper error on logg
189-193 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg Lower error on logg
195-199 I5 K T1 ? White dwarf temperature
201-204 I4 K E_T1 ? Upper error on T1
206-209 I4 K e_T1 ? Lower error on T1
211 A1 --- f_T1 Flag on T1 (1)
213-215 I3 pc Dist ? Distance
217-218 I2 pc e_Dist ? Error on Dist
220 A1 --- f_Dist Flag on Dist (2)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
* = The values of T1 and associated uncertainties given here are from 2012.
We also have T1=13400±1100 from 2004.
Note (2): Flag as follows:
* = The values of Dist and associated uncertainty given here are from 2012.
We also have Dist=400±30 from 2004.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name System name
13 A1 --- f_Name Flag on name (1)
15- 27 F13.11 d Porb Orbital period
29- 41 F13.11 d e_Porb ? Error on Porb
43 A1 --- f_Porb Flag on Porb (2)
45- 52 F8.6 d PshB ? Period for stage B superhump (3)
54- 61 F8.6 d e_PshB ? Error on PshB
63 A1 --- f_PshB Flag on PshB (4)
65- 72 F8.6 d PshC ? Period for stage C superhump (3)
74- 81 F8.6 d e_PshC ? Error on PshC
83- 87 A5 --- refs References (5)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Updated q value produced in this work (see Table 2)
Note (2): Flag as follows:
b = Porb from this work
Note (3): Stage A represents the start of the superoutburst, with a long,
stable superhump period (Psh). Stage B is the middle part of the super
outburst, with a shorter, unstable Psh. The final stage (C) exhibits
the shortest Psh, which is stable once again.
Note (4): Flag as follows:
c = Superhump period from permanent superhumps. These four systems are
either Classical Novae (CNe) or Novalikes (NLs) that display permanent
superhumps.
Note (5): References as follows:
1 = Savoury et al. (2011MNRAS.415.2025S 2011MNRAS.415.2025S)
2 = Patterson et al. (2017SASS...36....1P 2017SASS...36....1P)
3 = Kato et al. (2016PASJ...68...65K 2016PASJ...68...65K, Cat. J/PASJ/68/65)
4 = Kato et al. (2010PASJ...62.1525K 2010PASJ...62.1525K)
5 = Kato et al. (2015PASJ...67..105K 2015PASJ...67..105K)
6 = Kato et al. (2009PASJ...61S.395K 2009PASJ...61S.395K)
7 = Kato et al. (2012PASJ...64...21K 2012PASJ...64...21K)
8 = Kato et al. (2017PASJ...69...75K 2017PASJ...69...75K, Cat. J/PASJ/69/75)
9 = Kato et al. (2013PASJ...65...23K 2013PASJ...65...23K)
10 = Patterson (1998PASP..110.1132P 1998PASP..110.1132P)
11 = Baptista et al. (2003MNRAS.345..889B 2003MNRAS.345..889B)
12 = Horne, Wood & Stiening (1991ApJ...378..271H 1991ApJ...378..271H)
13 = Rolfe, Haswell & Patterson (2000MNRAS.317..759R 2000MNRAS.317..759R)
14 = Peters & Thorstensen (2006PASP..118..687P 2006PASP..118..687P)
15 = Patterson et al. (1997PASP..109..468P 1997PASP..109..468P)
16 = Araujo-Betancor et al. (2003ApJ...583..437A 2003ApJ...583..437A)
17 = Patterson et al. (2002PASP..114.1364P 2002PASP..114.1364P)
18 = Baptista & Bortoletto (2008ApJ...676.1240B 2008ApJ...676.1240B)
19 = Patterson et al. (2005PASP..117.1204P 2005PASP..117.1204P)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Name System name
19 A1 --- f_Name Flag on Name (1)
21- 33 F13.11 d Porb Orbital period
35- 47 F13.11 d e_Porb ? Error on Porb
49 A1 --- f_Porb Flag on Porb (2)
51- 56 F6.4 --- q ? Mass ratio
58- 63 F6.4 --- e_q ? Error on q
65- 69 F5.3 Msun M1 White dwarf mass
71- 75 F5.3 Msun e_M1 Error on M1
77- 82 F6.4 Msun M2 ? Donor mass
84- 89 F6.4 Msun e_M2 ? Error on M2
91- 96 F6.4 Rsun R2 ? Donor radius (3)
98-103 F6.4 Rsun e_R2 ? Error on R2
105-109 A5 --- Method Method used to obtain system parameters (4)
111-118 A8 --- Refs References (5)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
* = Updated system parameters produced in this work (see Table 2)
Note (2): Flag as follows:
* = Porb from this work
Note (3): Donor radius calculated using equation
R2/R☉=0.2478(M2/M☉)1/3Porb2/3[q1/3(1+q)1/3/
(0.6q2/3+ln(1+q1/3))], where Porb is in hours.
Note (4): Method as follows:
EM = Eclipse modelling
EM(U) = Eclipse modelling using ULTRACAM/ULTRASPEC data
CPT = Contact phase timing
RV = Radial velocity
GR = Gravitational redshift
SM = Spectrophotometric modelling
Note (5): References as follows:
1 = Savoury et al. (2011MNRAS.415.2025S 2011MNRAS.415.2025S)
2 = McAllister et al. (2015MNRAS.451..114M 2015MNRAS.451..114M)
3 = McAllister et al. (2017MNRAS.464.1353M 2017MNRAS.464.1353M)
4 = McAllister et al. (2017MNRAS.467.1024M 2017MNRAS.467.1024M)
5 = Scaringi et al. (2013MNRAS.435L..68S 2013MNRAS.435L..68S)
6 = Littlefair et al. (2014MNRAS.443..718L 2014MNRAS.443..718L)
7 = Copperwheat et al. (2010MNRAS.402.1824C 2010MNRAS.402.1824C)
8 = Shafter & Holland (2003PASP..115.1105S 2003PASP..115.1105S)
9 = Southworth et al. (2009A&A...507..929S 2009A&A...507..929S, Cat. J/A+A/507/929)
10 = Miszalski et al. (2016MNRAS.456..633M 2016MNRAS.456..633M)
11 = Rodriguez-Gil et al. (2015MNRAS.452..146R 2015MNRAS.452..146R)
12 = Sing et al. (2007A&A...474..951S 2007A&A...474..951S)
13 = Hernandez et al. (2017MNRAS.470.1960H 2017MNRAS.470.1960H)
14 = Tovmassian et al. (2014AJ....147...68T 2014AJ....147...68T)
15 = Steeghs et al. (2003MNRAS.339..810S 2003MNRAS.339..810S)
16 = Horne et al. (1991ApJ...378..271H 1991ApJ...378..271H)
17 = Wood & Horne (1990MNRAS.242..606W 1990MNRAS.242..606W)
18 = Littlefair et al. (2008MNRAS.388.1582L 2008MNRAS.388.1582L)
19 = Baptista et al. (2003MNRAS.345..889B 2003MNRAS.345..889B)
20 = Borges & Baptista (2005A&A...437..235B 2005A&A...437..235B)
21 = Araujo-Betancor et al. (2003ApJ...583..437A 2003ApJ...583..437A)
22 = Patterson et al. (2005PASP..117.1204P 2005PASP..117.1204P)
23 = Baptista & Bortoletto (2008ApJ...676.1240B 2008ApJ...676.1240B)
24 = Baptista et al. (1994ApJ...433..332B 1994ApJ...433..332B)
25 = Thorstensen (2000PASP..112.1269T 2000PASP..112.1269T)
26 = Wade & Horne (1988ApJ...324..411W 1988ApJ...324..411W)
27 = Echevarria et al. (2016MNRAS.461.1576E 2016MNRAS.461.1576E, Cat. J/MNRAS/461/1576)
28 = Arnold et al. (1976ApJ...206..790A 1976ApJ...206..790A)
29 = Echevarria et al. (2007AJ....134..262E 2007AJ....134..262E)
30 = Horne et al. (1993ApJ...410..357H 1993ApJ...410..357H)
31 = Thoroughgood et al. (2005MNRAS.357..881T 2005MNRAS.357..881T)
32 = Rolfe et al. (2000MNRAS.317..759R 2000MNRAS.317..759R)
33 = Rodriguez-Gil et al. (2001MNRAS.328..903R 2001MNRAS.328..903R)
34 = Peters & Thorstensen (2006PASP..118..687P 2006PASP..118..687P)
35 = Arenas et al. (2000MNRAS.311..135A 2000MNRAS.311..135A)
36 = Robinson (1974ApJ...193..191R 1974ApJ...193..191R)
37 = Welsh et al. (2007ASPC..362..241W 2007ASPC..362..241W)
38 = Thoroughgood et al. (2004MNRAS.353.1135T 2004MNRAS.353.1135T)
39 = Patterson (1998PASP..110.1132P 1998PASP..110.1132P)
40 = Steeghs et al. (2001ApJ...562L.145S 2001ApJ...562L.145S)
41 = Steeghs et al. (2007ApJ...667..442S 2007ApJ...667..442S)
42 = van Amerongen et al. (1987MNRAS.225...93V 1987MNRAS.225...93V)
43 = Smith et al. (2006MNRAS.369.1537S 2006MNRAS.369.1537S)
44 = Szkody & Brownlee (1977ApJ...212L.113S 1977ApJ...212L.113S)
45 = Gansicke et al. (2006ApJ...639.1039G 2006ApJ...639.1039G)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "Y:M:D" Date Observation date
12- 20 A9 --- Name System name
22- 30 A9 --- Inst Instrument setup (1)
32- 37 A6 --- Filter Filters used
39- 50 F12.6 d Tmid Mid-eclipse time (taken to be that of the
white dwarf, when visible)
52- 59 F8.6 d e_Tmid Error on Tmid
61 A1 --- f_Tmid Flag on Tmid (2)
63- 68 I6 --- Ncy Cycle number
70- 75 F6.3 --- Phasem Phase coverage, minimum value
77- 81 F5.3 --- PhaseM Phase coverage, maximum value
83- 88 F6.3 s Texp Exposition time
90 I1 ct Nu ? Number of u' band frames which were co-added
on-chip to reduce the impact of readout noise
92- 96 I5 ct Nexp Number of exposures
98-100 F3.1 arcsec Seeingm Range of seeing, minimum value
102-104 F3.1 arcsec SeeingM Range of seeing, maximum value
106 I1 --- Status Flag for a eclipse status (3)
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Note (1): The instrument setup column shows both the telescope and instrument
(UCAM and USPEC refer to ULTRACAM and ULTRASPEC, respectively) used
for each eclipse observation
Note (2): Flag as follows:
h = Heliocentric time in HMJD(UTC)
b = Barycentric time in BMJD(TDB)
Note (3): Flag as follows:
1 = modelled individually
2 = modelled as constituent of average eclipse
3 = usable for individual modelling but not chosen
4 = obtained post-modelling but usable
5 = clear bright spot features but not included in average eclipse due to
significant change in disc radius/contribution
6 = lack of bright spot ingress/merged ingresses
7 = poor SNR
8 = in outburst
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Ana Fiallos [CDS] 04-Nov-2022