J/MNRAS/489/1644 Modelling Kepler eclipsing binaries (Windemuth+, 2019)
Modelling Kepler eclipsing binaries:
homogeneous inference of orbital and stellar properties.
Windemuth D., Agol E., Ali A., Kiefer F.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 489, 1644-1666 (2019)>
=2019MNRAS.489.1644W 2019MNRAS.489.1644W (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, eclipsing ; Binaries, orbits ; Stars, masses ;
Stars, diameters ; Models ; Optical
Keywords: binaries: eclipsing - binaries: close - methods: data analysis
Abstract:
We report on the properties of eclipsing binaries (EBs) from the
Kepler mission with a newly developed photometric modelling code,
which uses the light curve, spectral energy distribution of each
binary, and stellar evolution models to infer stellar masses without
the need for radial velocity (RV) measurements. We present solutions
and posteriors to orbital and stellar parameters for 728 systems,
forming the largest homogeneous catalogue of full Kepler binary
parameter estimates to date. Using comparisons to published RV
measurements, we demonstrate that the inferred properties (e.g.
masses) are reliable for well-detached main-sequence (MS) binaries,
which make up the majority of our sample. The fidelity of our inferred
parameters degrades for a subset of systems not well described by
input isochrones, such as short-period binaries that have undergone
interactions, or binaries with post-MS components. Additionally, we
identify 35 new systems which show evidence of eclipse timing
variations, perhaps from apsidal motion due to binary tides or
tertiary companions. We plan to subsequently use these models to
search for and constrain the presence of circumbinary planets in
Kepler EB systems.
Description:
We developed a python code, dubbed 'KEBLAT', to simultaneously fit the
LCs and SEDs of 728 Kepler EBs to obtain their orbital and stellar
parameters. The open-source code is available on Github
(https://github.com/savvytruffle/keblat/).
We selected our binary systems from the VKEBC (Prsa et al.
2011AJ....141...83P 2011AJ....141...83P, Cat. J/AJ/141/83; Kirk et al.
2016AJ....151...68K 2016AJ....151...68K, Cat. J/AJ/151/68). This sample, totaling 2877
targets, has been compiled from the entire Kepler prime mission and
includes binaries which are not eclipsing (e.g. ellipsoidal
variables). We made selection cuts to reduce grazing (i.e.
non-constraining) geometries and the effects of close binarity that
are not included in our model.
In total, we investigated 728 ∼detached EB systems. The large
reduction in the number of systems from the full VKEBC is related to
the fact that short-period binaries have the highest eclipse
probability, but also have the largest tidal distortions; our sample
emphasizes the longer period EBs.
We extracted LCs from Kepler long-cadence (∼30min) simple aperture
photometry (SAP) based on Data Release (DR) 24 (Thompson et al. 2015,
Kepler Data Release 24 Notes (KSCI-19064-002)), spanning ∼4yr or 17
quarters. The LC module couples a Keplerian orbit solver to the
analytic Mandel & Agol (2002ApJ...580L.171M 2002ApJ...580L.171M) transit model with a
quadratic limb-darkening law to fit the observed LC.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 328 728 EB orbital and distance parameter posteriors
table3.dat 384 728 EB stellar parameter posteriors
table4.dat 779 728 ML parameter solutions
table5.dat 38 84 ETV candidates identified in our sample
table6.dat 42 3 Mass ratios from APOGEE RVs
table7.dat 128 55 RV-derived EB mass values from literature
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See also:
J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. Eclipsing binaries in DR2 (Slawson+, 2011)
J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- ID KIC name (NNNNNNNN)
10- 26 F17.12 d P Orbital period
28- 44 E17.15 d E_P Upper error on P (1σ)
46- 62 E17.15 d e_P Lower error on P (1σ)
64- 77 F14.10 d tPE Time of primary eclipse (BJD-2454833)
79- 95 E17.15 d E_tPE Upper error on tPE (1σ)
97-113 E17.15 d e_tPE Lower error on tPE (1σ)
115-132 E18.15 --- esinw Transformation of eccentricity and longitude
of periastron (radial component)
134-150 E17.15 --- E_esinw Upper error on esinw (1σ)
152-168 E17.15 --- e_esinw Lower error on esinw (1σ)
170-187 E18.15 --- ecosw Transformation of eccentricity and longitude
of periastron (tangential component)
189-205 E17.15 --- E_ecosw Upper error on ecosw (1σ)
207-223 E17.15 --- e_ecosw Lower error on ecosw (1σ)
225-237 F13.11 rad i Orbit inclination
239-255 E17.15 rad E_i Upper error on i (1σ)
257-273 E17.15 rad e_i Lower error on i (1σ)
275-290 F16.10 pc d Distance to system
292-310 F19.13 pc E_d Upper error on d (1σ)
312-328 F17.12 pc e_d Lower error on d (1σ)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- ID KIC name (NNNNNNNN)
10- 25 F16.14 --- Z Binary metallicity defined as 1-X-Y
27- 44 E18.15 --- E_Z Upper error on Z (1σ)
46- 62 E17.15 --- e_Z Lower error on Z (1σ)
64- 77 F14.11 [yr] tau Logarithm of binary age
79- 96 E18.15 [yr] E_tau Upper error on tau (1σ)
98-114 E17.15 [yr] e_tau Lower error on tau (1σ)
116-132 F17.14 Msun M1 Mass of the first component
134-151 E18.15 Msun E_M1 Upper error on M1 (1σ)
153-169 E17.15 Msun e_M1 Lower error on M1 (1σ)
171-185 F15.13 Msun M2 Mass of the second component
187-204 E18.15 Msun E_M2 Upper error on M2 (1σ)
206-222 E17.15 Msun e_M2 Lower error on M2 (1σ)
224-238 F15.12 Rsun R1 Radius of the first component
240-257 E18.15 Rsun E_R1 Upper error on R1 (1σ)
259-275 E17.15 Rsun e_R1 Lower error on R1 (1σ)
277-291 F15.12 Rsun R2 Radius of the second component
293-310 E18.15 Rsun E_R2 Upper error on R2 (1σ)
312-328 E17.15 Rsun e_R2 Lower error on R2 (1σ)
330-347 F18.15 --- F2/F1 Kepler flux ratio
349-366 E18.15 --- E_F2/F1 Upper error on F2/F1 (1σ)
368-384 E17.15 --- e_F2/F1 Lower error on F2/F1 (1σ)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- ID KIC identifier (NNNNNNNN)
10- 28 F19.16 Msun Msum ?=0.0 Sum of masses M1+M2
30- 48 F19.17 --- Q ?=0.0 Ratio of masses M2/M1
50- 70 F21.19 --- Z ?=0.0 Binary metallicity defined as 1-X-Y
72- 90 F19.16 [yr] tau ?=0.0 Logarithm of binary age
92-111 F20.14 pc d ?=0.0 Distance to system
113-133 F21.19 --- E(B-V) ?=0.0 Reddening assuming RV=3.1
135-139 F5.1 pc h0 ?=0.0 Dust vertical scale height (fixed at
119)
141-161 F21.16 d P ?=0.0 Orbital period
163-180 F18.14 d tPE ?=0.0 Time of primary eclipse (BJD-2454833)
182-204 E23.20 --- esinw ?=0.0 Transformation of eccentricity and
longitude of periastron (radial component)
206-228 E23.20 --- ecosw ?=0.0 Transformation of eccentricity and
longitude of periastron (tangential
component)
230-251 E22.19 --- b ?=0.0 Impact parameter acosi/R1
253-273 E21.19 --- q11 ?=0.0 Transformed quadratic limb-darkening q11
275-295 E21.19 --- q12 ?=0.0 Transformed quadratic limb-darkening q12
297-318 E22.20 --- q21 ?=0.0 Transformed quadratic limb-darkening q21
320-340 E21.19 --- q22 ?=0.0 Transformed quadratic limb-darkening q22
342-360 F19.16 --- lnsigLC ?=0.0 Systematic LC error
362-384 F23.19 --- lnsigSED ?=0.0 Systematic SED error
386-406 F21.17 --- lnsigE(B-V) ?=0.0 Uncertainty in reddening prior
408-426 F19.16 --- lnsigd ?=0.0 Uncertainty in Gaia distance prior
428-445 F18.16 --- c0 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 0
447-464 F18.16 --- c1 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 1
466-483 F18.16 --- c2 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 2
485-503 F19.17 --- c3 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 3
505-522 F18.16 --- c4 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 4
524-541 F18.16 --- c5 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 5
543-560 F18.16 --- c6 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 6
562-580 F19.17 --- c7 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 7
582-600 F19.17 --- c8 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 8
602-619 F18.16 --- c9 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 9
621-638 F18.16 --- c10 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 10
640-658 F19.17 --- c11 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 11
660-677 F18.16 --- c12 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 12
679-696 F18.16 --- c13 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 13
698-715 F18.16 --- c14 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 14
717-735 F19.17 --- c15 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 15
737-754 F18.16 --- c16 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 16
756-774 F19.17 --- c17 ?=0.0 Crowding parameter for quarter 17
776-779 F4.2 --- morph ?=0.0 Morphology value taken directly from
the VKEBC (Prsa et al. 2011AJ....141...83P 2011AJ....141...83P,
Cat. J/AJ/141/83;
Kirk et al. 2016AJ....151...68K 2016AJ....151...68K,
Cat. J/AJ/151/68)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- ID KIC identifier (NNNNNNNN)
10- 21 F12.8 d P Orbital period
23- 26 F4.2 --- Q Ratio of masses M2/M1
28- 34 E7.5 --- e Eccentricity
36- 38 A3 --- refs [brco] References (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
b = Borkovits et al. (2016MNRAS.455.4136B 2016MNRAS.455.4136B, Cat. J/MNRAS/455/4136)
r = Rappaport et al. (2013ApJ...768...33R 2013ApJ...768...33R)
c = Conroy et al. (2014AJ....147...45C 2014AJ....147...45C, Cat. J/AJ/147/45)
o = Orosz (2015ASPC..496...55O 2015ASPC..496...55O)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 I7 --- ID KIC identifier (NNNNNNN)
9- 17 F9.6 d P Orbital period
19- 26 F8.6 d e_P Error on P
28- 34 F7.5 --- Q Ratio of masses M2/M1
36- 42 F7.5 --- e_Q Error on Q
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- ID KIC identifier (NNNNNNNN)
10- 22 F13.9 d P Orbital period
24- 29 F6.4 Msun M1 ? Mass of the first component (1)
31- 36 F6.4 Msun e_M1 ? Error on M1
38- 44 F7.5 Msun M2 ? Mass of the second component (1)
46- 52 F7.5 Msun e_M2 ? Error on M2
54-128 A75 --- ref References
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Note (1): Note for binary studies which contain multiple mass estimates (e.g.
from asteroseismology and RV), we adopted the RV-only derived values
for consistency
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Ana Fiallos [CDS] 05-Jan-2023