J/MNRAS/491/2217 Study of spiral density waves in CVs (Ruiz-Carmona+, 2020)
A systematic study of spiral density waves in the accretion discs of cataclysmic
variables.
Ruiz-Carmona R., Groot P.J., Steeghs D.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 491, 2217-2253 (2020)>
=2020MNRAS.491.2217R 2020MNRAS.491.2217R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, cataclysmic ; Accretion ; Novae ; Spectra, optical ;
Photometry, SDSS ; Photometry, ultraviolet ; Binaries, orbits ;
Stars, masses ; Stars, distances
Keywords: accretion, accretion discs - shock waves - binaries: close -
stars: dwarf novae - novae, cataclysmic variables
Abstract:
Spiral density waves are thought to be excited in the accretion discs
of accreting compact objects, including cataclysmic variable stars
(CVs). Observational evidence has been obtained for a handful of
systems in outburst over the last two decades. We present the results
of a systematic study searching for spiral density waves in CVs, and
report their detection in two of the sixteen observed systems. While
most of the systems observed present asymmetric, non-Keplerian
accretion discs during outburst, the presence of ordered structures
interpreted as spiral density waves is not as ubiquitous as previously
anticipated. From a comparison of systems by their system parameters
it appears that inclination of the systems may play a major role,
favouring the visibility and/or detection of spiral waves in systems
seen at high inclination.
Description:
We dedicated 40 nights to our systematic search of spiral density
waves with the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) at the Roque de los
Muchachos Observatory in La Palma. We collected around five thousands
spectra with the intermediate resolution spectrograph ISIS and several
hundred images with ACAM. We present in Table 2 details on the
observations acquired for every system.
The instrumental set-up for ISIS was to use gratings R600R for the red
arm and R600B for the blue arm, resulting in unvignetted wavelength
ranges 3950-5100Å and 5800-7000Å, respectively. ACAM images were
de-biased and corrected with twilight sky flat frames. We performed
differential aperture photometry on the targets and 3-4 other field
stars, in order to assess the state of ongoing outbursts (see Table
2). The reference magnitudes in the r filter were obtained from the
Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System survey (PanSTARRS
PS1; Kaiser et al. 2010SPIE.7733E..0EK) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey
(SDSS DR15; Aguado et al. 2019ApJS..240...23A 2019ApJS..240...23A) (see Table A1).
In addition to ACAM images, we obtained photometric observations of
PTFS 1118m with the Wide Field Camera mounted on the 2.5-m Isaac
Newton Telescope on 2014 June 15 (see Table A2).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 67 16 Classification and coordinates of the observed
systems
table2.dat 58 89 Summary of the phase-resolved spectroscopic
observations
table4.dat 135 16 System parameters of the observed systems in
this study
table5.dat 133 17 System parameters of the systems with detected
spiral structures
tablea1.dat 75 57 Summary of the information extracted from
available light curves obtained by long-term
monitoring surveys
tablea2.dat 72 16 Additional photometric information on the
observed systems
refs.dat 157 39 References for Table 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name System name
13- 36 A24 --- OName Alternative name of the system
38- 43 A6 --- Class Classification of the system (1)
45- 46 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
48- 49 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
51- 55 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
57 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
58- 59 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
61- 62 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
64- 67 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Classification as follows:
SU UMa = orbital periods below the period gap (<2h) and frequent outbursts
(recurrence times are from days to weeks)
U Gem = orbital periods above the period gap (>3h) and regular outbursts
(recurrence times are months to years)
Z Cam = systems above the period gap that are mostly outbursting like U Gem
systems but occasionally remain bright in a 'stand-still'
AM CVn = not cataclysmic variables, but related systems in which
hydrogen-depleted gas is transferred from a white dwarf or
semi-degenerate helium-star donor, at orbital periods less than
approximately one hour (Nelemans 2005ASPC..330...27N 2005ASPC..330...27N;
Solheim 2010PASP..122.1133S 2010PASP..122.1133S)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name System name
13- 22 A10 "Y:M:D" Date Observation date
24- 26 I3 --- Nspec ? Number of spectra
28- 30 I3 s ExpTime ? Exposure time
32- 36 A5 "h:m" UT Time of observation
38- 42 F5.2 mag rmag ? r-band magnitude calibrated using
PanSTARRS
44- 47 F4.2 mag e_rmag ? Error on rmag
49- 53 F5.2 mag Delta ? Amplitude above the quiescent level
(Δ)
55- 58 F4.2 mag e_Delta ? Error on Delta
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name System name
13- 17 F5.3 h Porb Orbital period
19 A1 --- n_Porb Note on Porb (1)
21- 25 F5.3 h PSH ? Superhump period
27- 29 A3 --- n_PSH Note on PSH (1)
31- 34 F4.2 --- q Mass ratio
36- 38 A3 --- n_q Note on q (1)
40- 43 F4.2 Msun M2 Mass of the secondary star
45 A1 --- n_M2 Note on M2 (1)
47- 50 F4.2 Msun M1 Mass of the primary star
52 A1 --- n_M1 Note on M1 (1)
54- 55 I2 deg inc ? Inclination
57- 58 I2 deg e_inc ? Error on inc
60 A1 --- n_inc Note on inc (1)
62- 65 I4 pc Dist ? Distance from Gaia parallax
67- 69 I3 pc E_Dist ? Upper error on Dist
71- 73 I3 pc e_Dist ? Lower error on Dist
75 A1 --- n_Dist Note on Dist (1)
77- 80 F4.2 --- dc Duty cycle
82 A1 --- n_dc Note on dc (1)
84- 89 F6.3 10-10Msun/yr Mdot2 Mass transfer rate from the secondary
star (2)
91- 96 F6.3 10-10Msun/yr e_Mdot2 Error on Mdot2
98-104 F7.3 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1dc Upper limit on the secular mass
accretion rate from the mass transfer
rate and the duty cycle, neglecting
accretion during quiescence
106-112 F7.3 10-10Msun/yr e_Mdot1dc Error on Mdot1dc
114-117 F4.1 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1out ? Limit on the maximum instantaneous
mass accretion rate during
outburst (3)
119-121 F3.1 10-10Msun/yr e_Mdot1out ? Error on Mdot1out
123-127 F5.2 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1rmin ? Range of accretion rates published
in the literature (minimum value)
129-133 F5.2 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1rmax ? Range of accretion rates published
in the literature (maximum value)
135 A1 --- nMdot1r Note on the range of accretion
rates (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Notes as follows:
f = Orbital period obtained in this work via light-curve fitting
(see Section A2)
g = Mass ratio estimated from the period excess
(Patterson et al. 2005PASP..117.1204P 2005PASP..117.1204P)
h = Mass of the secondary star estimated from the broken-power-law
semi-empirical donor sequence (Knigge, Baraffe & Patterson
2011ApJS..194...28K 2011ApJS..194...28K, Cat. J/ApJS/194/28) and the requirement that it
fills its Roche lobe (Faulkner, Flannery & Warner 1972ApJ...175L..79F 1972ApJ...175L..79F)
i = With the absolute magnitude of outburst estimated from the orbital
period (Patterson 2011MNRAS.411.2695P 2011MNRAS.411.2695P), the apparent magnitude and the
distance, we derive the inclination from the correction of the absolute
magnitude for a flat, limb-darkened accretion disc
(Paczynski & Schwarzenberg-Czerny 1980AcA....30..127P 1980AcA....30..127P)
j = Duty cycle estimated as a function of the orbital period
(Coppejans et al. 2016MNRAS.456.4441C 2016MNRAS.456.4441C, Cat. J/MNRAS/456/4441). This
expression is only valid for systems below the period gap
k = Orbital period obtained from superhump period (Gansicke et al.
2009MNRAS.397.2170G 2009MNRAS.397.2170G)
l = Estimated from light-curve fitting with LCURVE
m = Assumed mean value <M1≥0.75 (Patterson et al. 2005PASP..117.1204P 2005PASP..117.1204P)
A = Sklyanov et al. (2018Ap.....61...64S 2018Ap.....61...64S)
B = Patterson (2011MNRAS.411.2695P 2011MNRAS.411.2695P)
C = Ritter & Kolb (2003A&A...404..301R 2003A&A...404..301R, Cat. B/cb)
D = Provencal et al. (1997ApJ...480..383P 1997ApJ...480..383P)
E = Tordai T., Littlefield C. T K., 2015, ASASSN-13bc: new SU UMa-type
dwarf nova.
http://ooruri.kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/mailarchive/vsnet-alert/18921
F = Miller I., 2009.
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cvnet-outburst/message/3358
G = Kato et al. (2019PASJ...71L...1K 2019PASJ...71L...1K)
H = Kato et al. (2009PASJ...61S.395K 2009PASJ...61S.395K)
I = Isogai et al. (2016PASJ...68...64I 2016PASJ...68...64I)
J = Vanmunster T., 2017, SDSS J153015.04+094946.3: new SU UMa-type dwarf
nova.
http://ooruri.kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/mailarchive/vsnet-alert/20769
K = Dubus, Otulakowska-Hypka & Lasota (2018A&A...617A..26D 2018A&A...617A..26D) and references
therein
L = Pala et al. (2017MNRAS.466.2855P 2017MNRAS.466.2855P)
M = Roelofs et al. (2007ApJ...666.1174R 2007ApJ...666.1174R)
N = Coppejans et al. (2016MNRAS.456.4441C 2016MNRAS.456.4441C, Cat. J/MNRAS/456/4441)
O = Wood et al. (1987ApJ...313..757W 1987ApJ...313..757W)
Note (2): Mass transfer rate from the secondary star estimated as a function
of the orbital period (Patterson 1984ApJS...54..443P 1984ApJS...54..443P)
Note (3): Limit on the maximum instantaneous mass accretion rate during
outburst estimated from the excess luminosity, assuming that half of
the energy available is released as radiation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Name System name
14- 15 A2 --- Class Classification of the cataclysmic
variable (1)
17- 21 F5.3 h Porb Orbital period
23- 26 F4.2 --- q Mass ratio
28- 31 F4.2 Msun M2 Mass of the secondary star
33- 36 F4.2 Msun M1 Mass of the primary star
38- 41 F4.1 deg inc Inclination
43- 46 F4.1 deg e_inc Error on inc
48- 52 F5.1 pc Dist Distance derived from Gaia parallax
54- 57 F4.1 pc E_Dist Upper error on Dist
59- 62 F4.1 pc e_Dist Lower error on Dist
64- 67 F4.2 --- dc ? Duty cycle estimated as a function
of the orbital period
(Coppejans et al. 2016MNRAS.456.4441C 2016MNRAS.456.4441C,
Cat. J/MNRAS/456/4441)
69- 73 F5.2 10-10Msun/yr Mdot2 Mass transfer rate from the secondary
star (2)
75- 79 F5.2 10-10Msun/yr e_Mdot2 Error on Mdot2
81- 84 F4.1 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1dc ? Mass accretion rate on to the primary
estimated from the mass transfer rate
86- 89 F4.1 10-10Msun/yr e_Mdot1dc ? Error on Mdot1dc
91- 95 F5.2 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1out ? Mass accretion rate on to the primary
estimated from the outburst luminosity
97-101 F5.2 10-10Msun/yr e_Mdot1out ? Error on Mdot1out
103 A1 --- l_Mdot1rmin [≳] Limit flag on Mdot1rmin
105-108 F4.1 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1rmin ? Range of accretion rates published
in the literature (minimum value)
110-113 F4.1 10-10Msun/yr Mdot1rmax ? Range of accretion rates published
in the literature (maximum value)
115-119 A5 --- State State at which spiral waves were
found (3)
121-133 A13 --- Ref References
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Classification of the CVs as follows:
UG = U Gem dwarf nova
SU = SU UMa dwarf nova
WZ = WZ Sge dwarf nova
UX = UX UMa novalike
SW = SW Sex novalike
NL = Novalike with unknown subtype
IP = Intermediate polars
Note (2): Mass transfer rate from the secondary star estimated as a function
of the orbital period (Patterson 1984ApJS...54..443P 1984ApJS...54..443P)
Note (3): State as follows:
O = outburst
SO = superoutburst
Q = quiescence
r = rise of the outburst
m = maximum of the outburst
d = decline of the outburst
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name System name
13- 17 F5.2 mag mmedian Median magnitude of the system
19- 22 F4.2 mag e_mmedian Error on mmedian
24- 27 F4.2 mag s_mmedian RMS scatter of mmedian
29- 33 F5.2 mag mquiesc ? Quiescent magnitude
35- 38 F4.2 mag e_mquiesc ? Error on mquiesc
40- 43 F4.2 mag s_mquiesc ? RMS scatter of mquiesc
45- 49 F5.2 mag moutb Outburst magnitude
51- 54 F4.2 mag e_moutb Error on moutb
56- 60 I5 --- Ndet Number of detections
62 A1 --- l_Noutb Limit flag on Noutb
64- 65 I2 --- Noutb Number of observed outbursts
67 A1 --- Filter [RV] Filter used for the observations
69- 75 A7 --- Survey Survey used fot the observations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name System name
13- 17 F5.2 mag rPSmag ? r-band magnitude from PanSTARRS
19- 22 F4.2 mag e_rPSmag ? Error on rPSmag
24- 27 F4.2 mag s_rPSmag ? RMS scatter on rPSmag
29- 30 I2 --- Ndet Number of detections
32- 36 F5.2 mag rSDSSmag ? r-band magnitude from SDSS
38- 41 F4.2 mag e_rSDSSmag ? Error on rSDSSmag
43- 46 F4.2 mag Ar ? Extinction on the r band
48- 54 F7.1 uJy FFUV ? GALEX Far-UV flux
56- 59 F4.1 uJy e_FFUV ? Error on FFUV
61- 67 F7.1 uJy FNUV ? GALEX Near-UV flux
69- 72 F4.1 uJy e_FNUV ? Error on FNUV
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref [1/39] Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
24- 54 A31 --- Aut Author's name
56-157 A102 --- Com Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Ana Fiallos [CDS] 14-Feb-2023