J/MNRAS/493/1063 Discovery and timing of 40 pulsars (Cameron+, 2020)
The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey - XVI.
Discovery and timing of 40 pulsars from the southern Galactic plane.
Cameron A.D., Champion D.J., Bailes M., Balakrishnan V., Barr E.D.,
Bassa C.G., Bates S., Bhandari S., Bhat N.D.R., Burgay M.,
Burke-Spolaor S., Flynn C.M.L., Jameson A., Johnston S., Keith M.J.,
Kramer M., Levin L., Lyne A.G., Ng C., Petroff E., Possenti A., Smith D.A.,
Stappers B.W., van Straten W., Tiburzi C., Wu J.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 493, 1063-1087 (2020)>
=2020MNRAS.493.1063C 2020MNRAS.493.1063C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, neutron ; Pulsars ; Stars, double and multiple ;
Binaries, orbits ; Stars, distances ; Radio sources
Keywords: surveys - stars: neutron - pulsars: general
Abstract:
We present the results of processing an additional 44 per cent of the
High Time Resolution Universe South Low Latitude (HTRU-S LowLat)
pulsar survey, the most sensitive blind pulsar survey of the southern
Galactic plane to date. Our partially coherent segmented acceleration
search pipeline is designed to enable the discovery of pulsars in
short, highly accelerated orbits, while our 72-min integration lengths
will allow us to discover pulsars at the lower end of the pulsar
luminosity distribution. We report the discovery of 40 pulsars,
including three millisecond pulsar-white dwarf binary systems (PSRs
J1537-5312, J1547-5709, and J1618-4624), a black-widow binary system
(PSR J1745-23) and a candidate black-widow binary system (PSR
J1727-2951), a glitching pulsar (PSR J1706-4434), an eclipsing binary
pulsar with a 1.5-yr orbital period (PSR J1653-45), and a pair of long
spin-period binary pulsars which display either nulling or
intermittent behaviour (PSRs J1812-15 and J1831-04). We show that the
total population of 100 pulsars discovered in the HTRU-S LowLat survey
to date represents both an older and lower luminosity population, and
indicates that we have yet to reach the bottom of the luminosity
distribution function. We present evaluations of the performance of
our search technique and of the overall yield of the survey,
considering the 94 per cent of the survey which we have processed to
date. We show that our pulsar yield falls below earlier predictions by
approximately 25 per cent (especially in the case of millisecond
pulsars), and discuss explanations for this discrepancy as well as
future adaptations in RFI mitigation and searching techniques which
may address these shortfalls.
Description:
The 'partially coherent segmented acceleration search' pipeline used
to process the 44 per cent of the HTRU-S LowLat survey analysed for
this paper (as well as the subsequent pulsar candidate identification
and confirmation procedures) are the same as those described by Ng et
al. (2015MNRAS.450.2922N 2015MNRAS.450.2922N, Cat. J/MNRAS/450/2922).
A total of 40 new pulsars have been discovered in data processed for
this paper (see Table 2). All but one of these pulsars have been
successfully confirmed through reobservation with the Parkes 64-m
Radio Telescope using the gridding strategy outlined in Section 2.1.
The remaining pulsar (PSR J1831-04) displays evidence of nulling
and/or intermittency in its discovery observation and is considered
sufficiently unambiguous in this observation so as to be
'self-confirmed'.
Timing observations for each pulsar were conducted by the Parkes 64-m
Radio Telescope and the Jodrell Bank 76-m Lovell Radio Telescope. At
Parkes observations were conducted with an approximately monthly
cadence. Jodrell Bank timing observations were conducted with an
irregular cadence, with observations made of each pulsar typically
every 1-3 weeks.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 37 4 A summary of the 15 individual segments searched
as part of the partially coherent segmented
acceleration search
table2.dat 86 40 40 newly discovered pulsars from the HTRU-S
LowLat survey
table3.dat 91 7 Discovery parameters of the seven newly
discovered pulsars for which full timing
solutions are not yet available
table4.dat 124 28 Best-fitting TEMPO2 timing parameters for 28
pulsars
table5.dat 67 28 Fit-related timing parameters for 28 pulsars
table6.dat 354 4 Best-fitting tempo2 timing parameters for four
newly discovered binary pulsars
table8.dat 123 1 Approximate binary parameters for PSR J1745-23
table9.dat 55 1 Parameters of the glitch observed in
PSR J1706-4434
table10.dat 36 4 Parameters of four newly discovered pulsars
which display either nulling or intermittent
behaviour
tablea1.dat 93 755 755 redetections of 390 pulsars recorded during
processing of the 44 per cent of the HTRU-S
LowLat survey as reported in this paper
tablea2.dat 290 21 Pulsars with S/Nexp>S/Nmin=9 which were not
detected in the ∼44 per cent of the HTRU-S
LowLat survey processed by the partially
coherent segmented acceleration search pipeline
for this paper
tablea3.dat 135 28 Redetections of binary pulsars from ∼44 per cent
of the HTRU-S LowLat survey
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Seg Group of segments
16 I1 --- Nseg Number of segments in each group
18- 21 I4 s tint Integration time
23- 26 F4.1 h Pbmin Minimum orbital period sensitivity
28- 30 I3 m/s2 amin Acceleration search range (minimum value)
32 A1 --- f_amin [a] Flag on amin (1)
34- 37 I4 m/s2 amax Acceleration search range (maximum value)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): A minority of the processed data was also searched within
|a|<200m/s2 in the Nseg=4 segment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (JHHMM+DDMM)
12 A1 --- f_Name [a] Flag on Name (1)
14- 23 A10 "Y:M:D" Date Discovery date
25- 32 A8 "h:m:s" Time UTC time of discovery
34- 35 I2 --- Beam Beam number
37- 40 F4.1 --- S/NH Signal to noise ratio at which each pulsar was
detected in the HTRU-S LowLat survey
42 A1 --- l_S/NP Limit flag on S/NP
44- 47 F4.1 --- S/NP ? Signal to noise ratio of the pulsar in the
PMPS
49- 53 F5.3 mJy S1400 ? Mean 1.4GHz flux density
55- 59 F5.3 mJy e_S1400 ? Error on S1400 (1σ uncertainty)
61- 67 F7.3 ms W50 Pulse width at 50 per cent of the pulse peak
69- 75 F7.3 ms W10 Pulse width at 10 per cent of the pulse peak
77- 81 F5.2 mJy/kpc2 L1400N ? 1.4GHz luminosity estimated using the NE2001
model (Cordes & Lazio 2002astro.ph..7156C 2002astro.ph..7156C)
83- 86 F4.1 mJy/kpc2 L1400Y ? 1.4GHz luminosity estimated using the YMW16
model (Yao, Manchester & Wang
2017ApJ...835...29Y 2017ApJ...835...29Y)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): PSR J1851-06 was later discovered independently during the
commissioning of FAST and its pilot observations for the Commensal
Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS; Li et al. 2018IMMag..19..112L 2018IMMag..19..112L)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Pulsar name (JHHMM-DD)
10 A1 --- f_Name [ab] Flag on Name (1)
12- 13 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
15- 18 F4.1 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
20- 22 F3.1 min e_RAm Error on RAm
24 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
31 I1 arcmin e_DEm Error on DEm
33- 38 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
40- 44 F5.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
46- 58 F13.8 ms P Spin period
60- 69 F10.8 ms e_P Error on P (1σ uncertainty)
71- 76 F6.2 pc/cm3 DM Dispersion measure
78- 82 F5.2 pc/cm3 e_DM Error on DM (1σ uncertainty)
84- 86 F3.1 kpc DistN Distance according to the NE2001 model
(Cordes & Lazio 2002astro.ph..7156C 2002astro.ph..7156C)
88- 91 F4.1 kpc DistY Distance according to the YMW16 model
(Yao, Manchester & Wang 2017ApJ...835...29Y 2017ApJ...835...29Y)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Confirmed binary pulsar
b = Candidate binary pulsar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (JHHMM-DDMM)
12- 13 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
15- 16 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
18- 23 F6.3 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
25- 29 F5.3 s e_RAs Error on RAs
31 A1 --- DE- Declination (J2000)
32- 33 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
35- 38 F4.1 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
40- 44 F5.2 arcsec DEs ? Declination (J2000)
46- 50 F5.2 arcsec e_DEs Error on DEs
52- 57 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
59- 63 F5.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
65- 78 F14.9 ms P Spin period
80- 90 F11.9 ms e_P Error on P
92- 98 F7.1 10-18 Pdot Spin-period derivative
100-103 F4.1 10-18 e_Pdot Error on Pdot
105-109 F5.1 pc/cm3 DM Dispersion measures
111-114 F4.1 pc/cm3 e_DM Error on DM
116-119 F4.1 kpc DistN Distance according to the NE2001 model
(Cordes & Lazio 2002astro.ph..7156C 2002astro.ph..7156C)
121-124 F4.1 kpc DistY Distance according to the YMW16 model
(Yao, Manchester & Wang 2017ApJ...835...29Y 2017ApJ...835...29Y)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (JHHMM-DDMM)
12- 22 A11 d Dspan Data span
24- 28 I5 d Epoch Period reference epoch
30- 31 I2 --- nTOA Number of times-of-arrival (TOAs) used to
derive each timing solution
33- 36 I4 us RMS Root mean square of the weighted TEMPO2 fit
38- 41 F4.1 --- chi2 Unweighted reduced chi-squared of the
TEMPO2 fit
43- 50 F8.3 Myr tauc Characteristic age (1)
52- 57 F6.2 10+10gauss Bsurf Surface magnetic field (1)
59- 67 F9.2 10+23W Edot Spin-down luminosity (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Derived parameters are calculated according to the equations presented
in Lorimer & Kramer (2004hpa..book.....L 2004hpa..book.....L) and are given to a precision
consistent with the measurements of P and Pdot used to derive them
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (JHHMM-DDMM)
12- 13 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
15- 16 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
18- 25 F8.5 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
27- 33 F7.5 s e_RAs Error on RAs
35 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
36- 37 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
39- 40 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
42- 48 F7.4 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
50- 55 F6.4 arcsec e_DEs Error on DEs
57- 72 F16.13 ms P Spin period
74- 88 F15.13 ms e_P Error on P
90- 96 F7.5 10-18 Pdot Spin-period derivative
98-104 F7.5 10-18 e_Pdot Error on Pdot
106-112 F7.3 pc/cm3 DM Dispersion measure
114-118 F5.3 pc/cm3 e_DM Error on DM
120-123 A4 --- Mod Binary model
125-135 F11.9 d Pd Orbital period
137-147 F11.9 d e_Pd Error on Pd
149-156 F8.6 c.s x Projected semimajor axis
158-165 F8.6 c.s e_x Error on x
167-179 F13.7 d Tasc Epoch of the ascending node
181-189 F9.7 d e_Tasc Error on Tasc
191 A1 --- l_esinw Limit flag on esinw
193-200 F8.4 10-4 esinw e*sinw component of eccentricity
202 A1 --- l_ecosw Limit flag on ecosw
204-211 F8.4 10-4 ecosw e*cosw component of eccentricity
213 A1 --- l_e Limit flag on e
215-222 F8.2 10-6 e Inferred eccentricity
224-232 F9.6 10-3Msun Mfunc Mass function
234-241 F8.6 10-3Msun e_Mfunc Error on Mfunc
243-252 F10.8 Msun Mcmin Minimum companion mass (1)
254-263 F10.8 Msun e_Mcmin Error on Mcmin
265-274 F10.8 Msun Mcmed Median companion mass (2)
276-285 F10.8 Msun e_Mcmed Error on Mcmed
287-291 I5 d firstTOA First time-of-arrival (TOA)
293-297 I5 d lastTOA Last time-of-arrival (TOA)
299-303 I5 d Epoch Timing epoch
305-307 I3 --- nTOA Number of times-of-arrival (TOAs) used
to derive each timing solution
309-311 I3 us RMS Root mean square of the weighted TEMPO2
fit
313-315 F3.1 --- chi2 Unweighted reduced chi-squared of the
TEMPO2 fit
317-322 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
324-328 F5.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
330-332 F3.1 kpc DistN Distance according to the NE2001 model
(Cordes & Lazio 2002astro.ph..7156C 2002astro.ph..7156C)
334-336 F3.1 kpc DistY Distance according to the YMW16 model
(Yao, Manchester & Wang
2017ApJ...835...29Y 2017ApJ...835...29Y)
338-342 I5 Myr tauc Characteristic age
344-349 F6.4 10+10gauss Bsurf Surface magnetic field
351-354 I4 10+23W Edot Spin-down luminosity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Mcmin is calculated for an orbital inclination of i=90° and an
assumed pulsar mass of 1.4M☉
Note (2): Mcmed is calculated for an orbital inclination of i=60° and an
assumed pulsar mass of 1.4M☉
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Pulsar name (J1745-23)
10- 14 A5 --- Prog Fitting program
16- 17 A2 --- Mod Binary model
19- 26 F8.6 d Pd Orbital period
28- 35 F8.6 d e_Pd Error on Pd
37- 43 F7.5 c.s x Projected semimajor axis
45- 51 F7.5 c.s e_x Error on x
53 I1 --- e Eccentricity
55 A1 --- f_e Flag on e (1)
57 I1 --- w Longitude of periastron
59 A1 --- f_w Flag on w (1)
61- 71 F11.5 d T0 Epoch of periastron
73- 79 F7.5 d e_T0 Error on T0
81- 85 F5.3 10-6Msun Mfunc Mass function
87- 91 F5.3 10-6Msun e_Mfunc Error on Mfunc
93- 99 F7.5 Msun Mcmin Minimum companion mass (2)
101-107 F7.5 Msun e_Mcmin Error on Mcmin
109-115 F7.5 Msun Mcmed Median companion mass (2)
117-123 F7.5 Msun e_Mcmed Error on Mcmed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Values fixed at 0 due to lack of constraint and an evidently highly
circular orbit
Note (2): Mcmin, Mcmed calculated per the assumptions in Table 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (J1706-4434)
12- 16 I5 d Epoch Estimated glitch epoch
18- 22 F5.3 --- DPhi Phase increment (ΔΦ)
24- 28 F5.3 --- e_DPhi Error on DPhi
30- 36 E7.2 Hz Dnu Permanent spin-frequency increment Δν
38- 44 E7.2 Hz e_Dnu Error on Dnu
46 A1 --- l_Dnudot Limit flag on Dnudot
48- 55 E8.2 s-2 Dnudot Permanent spin-frequency derivative increment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (JHHMM-DDMM)
12- 22 A11 d Ospan Observing span
24- 25 I2 --- Nobs Number of observations
27- 30 F4.1 h IntTime Total integration time
32- 33 I2 % NF Nulling fraction
35- 36 I2 % e_NF Error on NF
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Pulsar name (BHHMM+DD or JHHMM+DDMM)
13- 22 A10 "Y:M:D" Date Date of the redetection
24- 31 A8 "h:m:s" Time UTC time of the redetection
33- 34 I2 --- Beam Beam number
36- 42 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
44- 49 F6.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
51- 54 F4.2 deg theta Offset between the pulsar position and the
centre of the telescope beam
56- 63 F8.3 ms Pobs Observed spin period
65 A1 --- f_Pobs Flag on Pobs (1)
67- 72 F6.1 pc/cm3 DM Observed dispersion measure
74- 79 F6.3 mJy Sexp Expected apparent flux density at 1.4GHz of
the pulsar (2)
81- 86 F6.1 --- S/Nexp Expected signal to noise ratio (3)
88- 93 F6.1 --- S/Nobs Observed signal to noise ratio
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Spin period detected at half of the true fundamental spin period
b = Spin period detected at one-sixth of the true fundamental spin period
c = Spin period detected at one-third of the true fundamental spin period
d = Spin period detected at double of the true fundamental spin period
e = Spin period detected at 3/2 of the true fundamental spin period
Note (2): The expected apparent flux density of the pulsar given by:
Sexp=S1400e-θ2/(2σ2)
Note (3): The expected S/N of the pulsar as given by equation 7 (see Section 3
of the article)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (JHHMM-DDMM)
12- 21 A10 "Y:M:D" Date Observation Date
23- 30 A8 "h:m:s" Time UTC observation time
32- 33 I2 --- Beam Beam number
35- 39 F5.3 deg theta Offset between the pulsar position and the
centre of the telescope beam
41- 48 F8.3 ms Pcat PSRCAT spin period
50- 55 F6.1 pc/cm3 DMcat PSRCAT dispersion measure
57- 61 F5.1 --- S/Nexp Expected signal to noise ratio (1)
63 A1 --- f_S/Nexp [a] Flag on S/Nexp (2)
65- 68 F4.1 --- S/Neph ? Signal to noise ratio resulting from a
fold of beam using the PSRCAT ephemeris of
the pulsar
70-290 A221 --- Com Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The expected S/N of the pulsar as given by equation 7 (see Section 3
of the article)
Note (2): Flag as follows:
a = For pulsars with no published pulse width, an effective pulse width of
Weff=Pcat/2 is used to calculate S/Nexp
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Name Pulsar name (BHHMM+DD or JHHMM+DDMM)
12- 17 F6.1 h Pb Orbital period
19- 27 F9.7 --- e Eccentricity
29- 35 F7.4 m/s2 amax Maximum acceleration value
37- 45 F9.4 m/s2 amin Minimum acceleration value
47- 56 A10 "Y:M:D" Date Date of the redetection
58- 65 A8 "h:m:s" Time UTC time of the redetection
67- 68 I2 --- Beam Beam number
70- 77 F8.3 ms Pobs Observed spin period
79- 83 F5.1 pc/cm3 DM Observed dispersion measure
85- 89 F5.1 --- S/Nf ? Highest S/N in the full-length segment
91 A1 --- f_S/Nf Flag on S/Nf
93- 97 F5.2 m/s2 af ? Acceleration corresponding to S/Nf
99-103 F5.1 --- S/Nh ? Highest S/N in the half-length segment
105-110 F6.2 m/s2 ah ? Acceleration corresponding to S/Nh
112-116 F5.1 --- S/Nq ? Highest S/N in the quarter-length segment
118-123 F6.1 m/s2 aq ? Acceleration corresponding to S/Nq
125-129 F5.1 --- S/Ne ? Highest S/N in the eighth-length segment
131-135 F5.1 m/s2 ae ? Acceleration corresponding to S/Ne
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
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(End) Ana Fiallos [CDS] 06-Apr-2023