J/MNRAS/495/4924 Exoplanets in Southern open clusters (Nardiello+, 2020)
A PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters (PATHOS).
II. Search for exoplanets in open clusters of the Southern ecliptic hemisphere
and their frequency.
Nardiello D., Piotto G., Deleuil M., Malavolta L., Montalto M., Bedin L.R.,
Borsato L., Granata V., Libralato M., Manthopoulou E.E.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 495, 4924-4942 (2020)>
=2020MNRAS.495.4924N 2020MNRAS.495.4924N (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, globular ; Stars, variable ; Photometry ; Optical
Keywords: techniques: image processing - techniques: photometric -
planetary systems - open clusters and associations: general
Abstract:
The scope of the project 'A PSF-based Approach to TESS High Quality
data Of Stellar clusters' (PATHOS) is the extraction and analysis of
high-precision light curves of stars in stellar clusters and young
associations for the identification of candidate exoplanets and
variable stars. The cutting-edge tools used in this project allow us
to measure the real flux of stars in dense fields, minimizing the
effects due to contamination by neighbour sources. We extracted about
200000 light curves of stars in 645 open clusters located in the
Southern ecliptic hemisphere and observed by TESS during the first
year of its mission. We searched for transiting signals and we found
33 objects of interest, 11 of which are strong candidate exoplanets.
Because of the limited SNR, we did not find any Earth or super-Earth.
We identified two Neptune-size planets orbiting stars with
R*<1.5R☉, implying a frequency f*=1.3±0.95 per cent
consistent with the frequency around field stars. The seven Jupiter
candidates around stars with R*<1.5R☉ imply a frequency
f*=0.19±0.07 per cent, which is smaller than in the field. more
complete estimate of the survey completeness and false positive rate
is needed to confirm these results. Light curves used in this work
will be made available to the astronomical community on the Mikulski
Archive for Space Telescope under the project PATHOS.
Description:
In the second work of our project PATHOS, we applied our PSF-based
approach to TESS FFIs in order to extract high-precision light curves
of stars that belong to open clusters observed by TESS during the
first year of its mission (Sectors 1-13). We extracted and analysed
219256 light curves of 162901 stars located in 645 open clusters
(51475 stars are observed in more than one TESS sector). These open
clusters span a wide range of ages (from few tens Myr up to ∼3Gyr) and
distances (∼100-104pc), allowing us to probe stars born at different
times and in different environmental conditions. The light curves will
be publicly available as HLSP on the PATHOS project webpage
(https://archive.stsci.edu/hlsp/pathos, DOI: 10.17909/t9-es7m-vw14) of
the MAST archive.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 59 28 Cluster parameters
table2.dat 148 33 Star parameters and priors for the modelling
tablea1.dat 210 33 Results of transit modelling
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See also:
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/490/3806 : Exoplanets & variable stars in 47 Tuc (Nardiello+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/498/5972 : Variables & dippers in young associations (Nardiello, 2020)
https://archive.stsci.edu/hlsp/pathos : PATHOS Home Page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Cluster Cluster name
15- 18 I4 Myr Age Cluster age
20- 22 I3 Myr e_Age Cluster age error
25- 30 F6.1 pc Dist Cluster distance
32- 35 F4.1 pc e_Dist Cluster distance error
37- 40 F4.2 mag E(B-V) Cluster redenning
42- 45 F4.2 mag e_E(B-V) Cluster redenning error
47- 51 F5.3 mas plx Mean cluster parallax from Cantat-Gaudin et al.
(2018A&A...618A..93C 2018A&A...618A..93C), Cat. J/A+A/618/A93
53- 57 F5.3 mas e_plx Mean cluster parallax error
59 I1 --- Ref [1/3] Reference (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Bossini et al. (2019A&A...623A.108B 2019A&A...623A.108B), Cat. J/A+A/623/A108
2 = Kharchenko et al. (2016A&A...585A.101K 2016A&A...585A.101K), Cat. J/A+A/585/A101
3 = Bica & Bonatto (2011A&A...530A..32B 2011A&A...530A..32B)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 I10 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog identification number
12- 13 I2 --- PATHOS PATHOS identification number
15- 27 A13 --- Cluster Cluster name
29- 36 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
38- 45 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
47- 52 F6.4 mas plx Parallax
54- 57 F4.1 mag Tmag TESS T magnitude
59- 63 F5.2 Rsun R* Stellar radius
65- 68 F4.2 Rsun e_R* Stellar radius error
70- 74 F5.2 Msun M* Stellar mass
76- 79 F4.2 Msun e_M* Stellar mass error
81- 82 A2 --- --- [N(]
83- 86 F4.2 Sun rho*a Lower value of prior stellar density interval
87 A1 --- --- [,]
88- 91 F4.2 Sun rho*b Upper value of prior stellar density interval
92 A1 --- --- [)]
94- 95 A2 --- --- [V(]
96- 99 F4.1 d Pera Lower value of prior period interval
100 A1 --- --- [,]
101-104 F4.1 d Perb Upper value of prior period interval
105 A1 --- --- [)]
107-108 A2 --- --- [V(]
109-114 F6.1 d T0a Lower value of prior central time of the first
transit (BTJD) interval
115 A1 --- --- [,]
116-121 F6.1 d T0b Upper value of prior central time of the first
transit (BTJD) interval
122 A1 --- --- [)]
124-125 A2 --- --- [N(]
126-129 F4.2 --- LDc1a Lower value of prior LDc1 interval
130 A1 --- --- [,]
131-134 F4.2 --- LDc1b Upper value of prior LDc1 interval
135 A1 --- --- [)]
137-138 A2 --- --- [N(]
139-142 F4.2 --- LDc2a Lower value of prior LDc2 interval
143 A1 --- --- [,]
144-147 F4.2 --- LDc2b Upper value of prior LDc2 interval
148 A1 --- --- [)]
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 I10 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog identification number
12- 13 I2 --- PATHOS PATHOS identification number
15- 27 A13 --- Cluster Cluster name
29- 35 F7.4 d Per Period
36 A1 --- --- [+]
37- 42 F6.4 d E_Per Error on Period (upper value)
43 A1 --- --- [-]
44- 49 F6.4 d e_Per Error on Period (upper value)
51- 58 F8.3 d T0 Central time of the first transit (BTJD)
59 A1 --- --- [+]
60- 64 F5.3 d E_T0 Error on T0 (upper value)
65 A1 --- --- [-]
66- 70 F5.3 d e_T0 Error on T0 (upper value)
72- 76 F5.3 --- Rp/R* Planetary-to-stellar-radius ratio
77 A1 --- --- [+]
78- 82 F5.3 --- E_Rp/R* Error on Rp/R* (upper value)
83 A1 --- --- [-]
84- 88 F5.3 --- e_Rp/R* Error on Rp/R* (upper value)
90- 93 F4.2 --- b Impact parameter
94 A1 --- --- [+]
95- 98 F4.2 --- E_b Error on b (upper value)
99 A1 --- --- [-]
100-103 F4.2 --- e_b Error on b (upper value)
105-108 F4.1 --- a/R* Semi-major axis to stellar radius ratio
109 A1 --- --- [+]
110-112 F3.1 --- E_a/R* Error on a/R* (upper value)
113 A1 --- --- [-]
114-116 F3.1 --- e_a/R* Error on a/R* (upper value)
118-121 F4.2 Sun rho* Stellar density
122 A1 --- --- [+]
123-126 F4.2 Sun E_rho* Error on rho* (upper value)
127 A1 --- --- [-]
128-131 F4.2 Sun e_rho* Error on rho* (upper value)
133-136 F4.2 --- LDc1 Limb-darkenning coefficient 1
137 A1 --- --- [+]
138-141 F4.2 --- E_LDc1 Error on LDc1 (upper value)
142 A1 --- --- [-]
143-146 F4.2 --- e_LDc1 Error on LDc1 (upper value)
148-151 F4.2 --- LDc2 Limb-darkenning coefficient 2
152 A1 --- --- [+]
153-156 F4.2 --- E_LDc2 Error on LDc2 (upper value)
157 A1 --- --- [-]
158-161 F4.2 --- e_LDc2 Error on LDc2 (upper value)
163-166 F4.1 deg i Inclination
167 A1 --- --- [+]
168-170 F3.1 deg E_i Error on i (upper value)
171 A1 --- --- [-]
172-175 F4.1 deg e_i Error on i (upper value)
177-179 F3.1 Rjup Rp1 Planet radius in Jupiter radius unit
180 A1 --- --- [+]
181-183 F3.1 Rjup E_Rp1 Error on Rp1 (upper value)
184 A1 --- --- [-]
185-187 F3.1 Rjup e_Rp1 Error on Rp1 (upper value)
189-192 F4.1 Rgeo Rp2 Planet radius in Earth radius unit
193 A1 --- --- [+]
194-197 F4.1 Rgeo E_Rp2 Error on Rp2 (upper value)
198 A1 --- --- [-]
199-202 F4.1 Rgeo e_Rp2 Error on Rp2 (upper value)
204-210 A7 --- Note Note
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Nardiello et al., Paper I 2019MNRAS.490.3806N 2019MNRAS.490.3806N, Cat. J/MNRAS/490/3806
Nardiello et al., Paper III 2020MNRAS.498.5972N 2020MNRAS.498.5972N, Cat. J/MNRAS/498/5972
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 26-Oct-2020