J/MNRAS/498/2138 Nearby massive early-type galaxies from MATLAS (Bilek+, 2020)
Census and classification of low-surface-brightness structures in nearby
early-type galaxies from the MATLAS survey.
Bilek M., Duc P.-A., Cuillandre J.-C., Gwyn S., Cappellari M.,
Bekaert D.V., Bonfini P., Bitsakis T., Paudel S., Krajnovic D.,
Durrell P.R., Marleau F.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 498, 2138-2166 (2020)>
=2020MNRAS.498.2138B 2020MNRAS.498.2138B (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby; Morphology; Surveys; Photometry; Optical
Keywords: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies: haloes
galaxies: interactions; galaxies: peculiar; galaxies: photometry
galaxies: structure
Abstract:
The morphology of galaxies gives essential constraints on the models
of galaxy evolution. The morphology of the features in the
low-surface-brightness (LSB) regions of galaxies has not been fully
explored yet because of observational difficulties. Here we present
the results of our visual inspections of very deep images of a large
volume-limited sample of 177 nearby massive early-type galaxies from
the MATLAS survey. The images reach a surface-brightness limit of
28.5-29mag/arcsec2 in the g' band. Using a dedicated navigation tool
and questionnaire, we looked for structures at the outskirts of the
galaxies such as tidal shells, streams, tails, disturbed outer
isophotes, or peripheral star-forming discs, and simultaneously noted
the presence of contaminating sources, such as Galactic cirrus. We
also inspected internal substructures such as bars and dust lanes. We
discuss the reliability of this visual classification investigating
the variety of answers made by the participants. We present the
incidence of these structures and the trends of the incidence with the
mass of the host galaxy and the density of its environment. We find an
incidence of shells, stream, and tails of approximately 15%, about the
same for each category. For galaxies with masses over 1011M☉,
the incidence of shells and streams increases about 1.7 times. We also
note a strong unexpected anticorrelation of the incidence of Galactic
cirrus with the environment density of the target galaxy. Correlations
with other properties of the galaxies, and comparisons to model
predictions, will be presented in future papers.
Description:
All galaxies studied here are a part of the ATLAS3D reference sample
(Cappellari+ 2011, J/MNRAS/413/813).
The images used in this paper were obtained as part of the Mass
Assembly of early Type gaLAxies with their fine Structures (MATLAS;
Habas+ 2020MNRAS.491.1901H 2020MNRAS.491.1901H) deep imaging project carried out at the
3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) using the MegaCam imager.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
targets.dat 106 177 Structure identification and classification
from MATLAS images
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See also:
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)
J/ApJS/147/1 : Classification of nearby galaxies (Conselice+, 2003)
J/AJ/128/163 : Galaxy morphological classification (Lotz+, 2004)
J/AJ/130/2647 : Tidal features of 126 nearby red gal. (van Dokkum+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/388/1537 : Galaxy pairs from SDSS-DR2 (McIntosh+, 2008)
J/ApJS/186/427 : Detailed morphology of SDSS galaxies (Nair+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/406/382 : Early-type galaxies in the SDSS Stripe82 (Kaviraj, 2010)
J/MNRAS/413/813 : ATLAS3D project. I. (Cappellari+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/416/1680 : ATLAS3D project. VII. (Cappellari+, 2011)
J/ApJ/765/28 : CFHTLS galaxies with faint tidal features (Atkinson+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/446/120 : ATLAS3D project. XXIX (Duc+, 2015)
J/A+A/581/A10 : VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey (Capaccioli+, 2015)
J/ApJ/813/L15 : Dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster from NGFS (Munoz+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/456/1359 : IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project: Photometry (Fliri+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/458/2221 : ATLAS3D Project. XXXI (Nyland+, 2016)
J/A+A/593/A126 : Malin 1 images at 6 wavelengths (Boissier+, 2016)
J/ApJ/835/123 : Globular clusters in NGC 474 from CFHT obs. (Lim+, 2017)
J/A+A/601/A86 : PSF models fits maps (Karabal+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/468/703 : Abell 168 ultra-diffuse galaxies distribution (Roman+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/142 : Next Generation Fornax Survey. II. (Eigenthaler+, 2018)
J/ApJ/857/104 : Low surface brightness galaxies from HSC-SSP (Greco+, 2018)
J/ApJ/857/144 : Tidal features from RESOLVE & DECaLS (Hood+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/486/2995 : GD-1 stellar stream (Malhan+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A18 : Deep VI phot. of 15 dwarf galaxy candidates (Mueller+, 2019)
J/A+A/632/L13 : NG5907 images (Mueller+, 2019)
J/A+A/636/A8 : Early type galaxies g-r colour fits maps (Yildiz+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A106 : MUSE MATLAS-2019 spectral datacube (Mueller+, 2020)
J/A+A/654/A105 : MATLAS ultra diffuse galaxies (Marleau+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/506/5494 : MATLAS dwarfs structure and morphology (Poulain+, 2021)
http://obas-matlas.u-strasbg.fr/WP/ : MATLAS home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: targets.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Galaxy name
15- 32 A18 --- Class Classification code (1)
40- 42 F3.1 --- Streams [0/2] Streams (2)
48- 50 F3.1 --- Shells [0/2] Shells (2)
56- 58 F3.1 --- Tails [0/2] Tails (2)
64- 66 F3.1 --- Disks [0/1] Peripheral disks (2)
71- 74 F4.1 --- Iso [0/2]?=-1 Outer isophotes (2)
80- 82 F3.1 --- Dust [0/2] Dust lanes and patches (2)
88- 90 F3.1 --- Bars [0/2] Bars, rings and spiral arms (2)
96- 98 F3.1 --- Halos [0/1] Haloes (1=galaxy affected by haloes;
or 0)
104-106 F3.1 --- Cirrus [0/2] Galactic cirrus (2)
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Note (1): The meaning of the code (Table 4):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Code Meaning
Features
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
symbol alone The feature is present
symbol with "?" The feature is likely/unsure
no symbol The feature is missing
+s Streams
+r Shells/ripples
+t Tails
+d Peripheral star-forming disc
+ah Asymmetric outer isophotes/stellar halo
+ph Disturbed/perturbed outer isophotes/stellar halo
+wl Weak dust lanes
+pl Strong/prominent dust lanes
+wb Weak bars
+pb Strong/prominent bars
Contaminants
-h Polluting haloes
-wc Weak cirrus
-pc Strong/prominent cirrus
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
For example, the code "+s+ph+pl" for IC 1024 means: the galaxy
contains streams (the "+s" symbol) but no shells, tails, or bar (there
are no symbols signifying these features); the outer isophote has a
perturbed shape (the "+ph" symbol); the main body shows prominent dust
lanes (the "+pl" symbol), and there is no cirrus in the field, or
nearby haloes polluting the image (the corresponding symbols are missing).
See Section 4.1.
Note (2): Presence of the features as follows:
0.0 = no
1.0 = likely
2.0 = yes
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 11-Jan-2022