J/MNRAS/510/4463 Coma cluster core's galaxies morphology study (Poloji+, 2022)
The galaxy population of the core of the Coma cluster.
Poloji N., Hasan P., Hasan S.N.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 510, 4463-4472 (2022)>
=2022MNRAS.510.4463P 2022MNRAS.510.4463P (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies, nearby ; Morphology ; Optical ;
Photometry, HST ; Redshifts ; Positional data ; Galaxies, radius ;
Magnitudes
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: individual: Coma -
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies: evolution
Abstract:
In this paper, we present the structural properties and morphology of
galaxies in the central region of the Coma Cluster brighter than 19.5
mag in the F814W band from the HST/ACS Coma Cluster Treasury Survey.
Using mainly spectroscopic redshifts, we find 132 members from our
sample of 219 galaxies. In our sample of 132 members, we find 51
non-dwarfs and 81 dwarfs, and amongst our 32 non- members, we find 4
dwarfs and 28 non-dwarfs. We do not have redshifts for the remaining
55 galaxies. We present bulge-disc decomposition of the sample using
galfit and obtain parameters for our sample. Using visual inspection
of residuals, we do a morphological classification of the galaxies. We
studied the relation of morphological types with Bulge to Total Light
Ratio (B/T), colour-magnitude relation (CMR), Sersic index (n),
Kormendy relation, and cross- correlations between these parameters
for the bulges and galaxies. This work helps us understand important
relations between various parameters like B/T, colour, and n as well
as insights into the merger history of these galaxies in terms of
their positions in the Kormendy Diagram and their Sersic indices. We
find that there are significantly more E/SO, SOs galaxies in the
member population compared to non-members.
Description:
The morphology of a galaxy is the result of galaxy formation and
evolution, interaction with the environment, internal perturbations,
and dark matter interactions (Sandage, Sandage & Kristian
1975gaun.book.....S 1975gaun.book.....S; Buta 2013seg..book..155B 2013seg..book..155B). Visual inspection is
the primary method to classify galaxies, for example, in the Galaxy
Zoo project (Lintott et al. 2008MNRAS.389.1179L 2008MNRAS.389.1179L). To quantify
morphology, structural properties of galaxies are found by fitting
radial profiles like Sersic, Nuker, Gaussian, King, etc. to the
luminosity profiles of galaxies.The Coma cluster is a very rich and
dense cluster at a redshift of 0.023, which corresponds to an
approximate distance of 100 Mpc (Hammer et al. 2010ApJS..191..143H 2010ApJS..191..143H,
Cat. J/ApJS/191/143). This is one of the most suitable clusters to
study luminosity, the environment, and morphological classification of
galaxies. Gutierrez et al. (2004ApJ...602..664G 2004ApJ...602..664G, Cat. J/ApJ/602/664)
used data from the Issac Newton Telescope (INT) and studied galaxy
properties using the iraf ellipse task. Aguerri et al.
(2004AJ....127.1344A 2004AJ....127.1344A) classified galaxies based on the B/T parameter
for INT data by using Monte Carlo simulations to get structural
properties. Hoyos et al. (2011MNRAS.411.2439H 2011MNRAS.411.2439H, Cat. J/MNRAS/411/2439)
and Marinova et al. (2012ApJ...746..136M 2012ApJ...746..136M) have used HST-ACS data.
Hoyos et al. (2011MNRAS.411.2439H 2011MNRAS.411.2439H, Cat. J/MNRAS/411/2439) made a
comparison of the results of galfit and GIM2D for the complete sample
using single Sersic fits without considering membership criteria but
clearly indicated galfit as preferable. Marinova et al.
(2012ApJ...746..136M 2012ApJ...746..136M) did bulge-disc and bar decomposition of galaxies
using galfit only for members, (i.e see section 1 Introduction).
In this paper, we make a detailed study of galaxy morphology using
visual inspection of the residuals from single Sersic profiles as
well as bulge-disc (Sersic + exponential) decomposition. We compare
the structural and photometric properties of the disc and bulge of the
member and the non-member galaxy population in the central core of the
Coma cluster. Updated membership using more recent spectroscopic data
has been used in this analysis. We also make a detailed study of the
morphological parameters B/T, Sersic index n, colour, surface
brightness, and their correlations for our sample. This kind of
analysis of HST-ACS data has not been done by previous authors. These
results give us a deeper understanding of galaxy origin, evolution,
merger history, and their dependence on the environment in the core of
the Coma cluster. The Coma cluster is one of the nearest rich clusters
of galaxies and was the target of a deep two passband
F814W ≃ 8146.9 Å and F475W ≃ 4794.0 Å imaging survey of the
HST-ACS Treasury programSurvey data release 2.1 (Carter et al.
2008ApJS..176..424C 2008ApJS..176..424C). The SourceExtractor catalogues [SExtractor
version 2.5; Bertin & Arnouts (1996)] for the 25 fields in the F814W
and F475W passbands and the science images are available at
archive.stsci.edu/prepds/coma/datalist2.1.html. We have used data for
the F814W band, which ensures the deepest data for structural and
luminosity function studies, (i.e see section 2 Observations).
Next, we select Coma galaxies (i.e see section 3 Membership and sample
selection), using spectroscopic and photometric data to determine
membership of galaxies in our sample. Spectroscopic members were
selected within the redshift range 0.023 ± 0.009 (Mobasher et al.
2001ApJS..137..279M 2001ApJS..137..279M, Cat. J/ApJS/137/279). Of the 219 galaxies, 132
are members, 32 are non-members, and 55 galaxies do not have redshift
values. For the 132 cluster members, we have used spectroscopic
redshifts. Then, as mentionned in section 4 GALFIT and structural
decomposition, we proceed to Sersic as well as a 2D bulge disc
decomposition using galfit (Peng et al. 2002AJ....124..266P 2002AJ....124..266P) for 219
objects. To run galfit, we have used input values from the SExtractor
catalogues by Hammer et al. (2010ApJS..191..143H 2010ApJS..191..143H, Cat. J/ApJS/191/143).
These include input parameters like position, apparent magnitude,
effective radius, b/a, and the positional angle. The input science
images were extracted using iraf and included the galaxy and a portion
of the sky required for fitting. Results are thus presented in the
table1.dat including also magnitude and brightness from galactic
decompostion (bulge, disc and total regions) as well as morphology
from visual inspections (i.e see the section 5 Results and discussion
for more details).
More, we compare our results for galactic properties with those from
Hoyos et al. (2011MNRAS.411.2439H 2011MNRAS.411.2439H, Cat. J/MNRAS/411/2439) and Weinzirl
et al. (2014MNRAS.441.3083W 2014MNRAS.441.3083W) as shown in tablea6.dat. Results for
bulge and disc properties with those from Head et al.
(2014MNRAS.440.1690H 2014MNRAS.440.1690H, Cat. J/MNRAS/440/1690) and Weinzirl et al.
(2014MNRAS.441.3083W 2014MNRAS.441.3083W) are available in tablea7.dat.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 220 219 Results of bulge-disc decomposition and single
Sersic fits for our galaxies sample
tablea6.dat 131 219 Comparison of the single Sersic fits obtained
by this work with others studies
tablea7.dat 173 219 Comparison Bulge and Disc single Sersic fits
results from this work and other studies
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJS/191/143 : HST/ACS Coma cluster survey. II. (Hammer+, 2010)
J/ApJ/602/664 : Morphology of galaxies in Coma cluster core
(Gutierrez+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/411/2439 : Coma Treasury Survey. Structural parameters (Hoyos+, 2011)
J/ApJS/137/279 : Spectroscopic Survey in Coma (Mobasher+, 2001)
J/MNRAS/440/1690 : Bulge and disc colours of ETG in Coma (Head+, 2014)
archive.stsci.edu/prepds/coma/datalist2.1.html : HST-ACS sciences fits images
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 25 A25 --- Name Name of source as
(COMAiHHMMSS.ssspDDMMSS.ss) (COMA_ID)
27- 32 F6.2 deg RAdeg Right ascension of source (J2000) (RA)
34- 38 F5.2 deg DEdeg Declination of source (J2000) (DEC)
40- 44 F5.2 mag Bulgemag ? Galactic bulge magnitude in HST-ACS
F814W filter (Bm)
46- 50 F5.2 mag e_Bulgemag ? Error in bulge magnitude (Bmerr)
52- 56 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 SBbulge ? Galactic bulge surface brightness
(BSB)
58- 63 F6.2 arcsec BReff ? Bulge effective radius in arcsec (Bre)
65- 68 F4.2 --- Bn ? Galactic bulge Sersic index used to
fit radial profile as described in the
section 4 GALFIT and structural
decomposition and section 5.4 Sersic
index (Bn)
70- 74 F5.2 --- e_Bn ? Error in bulge Sersic index (Bnerr)
76- 79 F4.2 --- Bb/a ? Bulge axial ratio b/a (Bb/a)
81- 84 F4.2 --- e_Bb/a ? Error in bulge axial ratio (Bb/aerr)
86- 91 F6.2 deg BPA ? Bulge position angle (BPA)
93- 97 F5.2 deg e_BPA ? Error in bulge position angle (Bpaerr)
99- 103 F5.2 mag Discmag ? Disc magnitude in HST-ACS F814W
filter (Dm)
105- 109 F5.2 mag e_Discmag ? Error in disc magnitude (Dmerr)
111- 115 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 SBdisc ? Disc surface brightness (DSB)
117- 122 F6.2 arcsec Dsize ? Disc scale length (Drs)
124- 127 F4.2 --- Db/a ? Disc axial ratio b/a (Db/a)
129- 132 F4.2 --- e_Db/a ? Error in disc axial ratio (Db/aerr)
134- 139 F6.2 deg DPA ? Disc position angle (DPA)
141- 146 F6.3 deg e_DPA ? Error in disc position angle (Dpaerr)
148- 152 F5.3 --- z ? Redshift (redshift)
154- 157 F4.2 --- B/T ? Bulge to total light ratio (BT)
159- 163 A5 --- MType Morphology based on visual inspection
(Visual Mtype_1a) (1)
165- 169 F5.2 mag Galmag Galaxy total magnitude in HST-ACS F814W
filter (Gm)
171- 174 F4.2 mag e_Galmag Error in Galaxy magnitude (Gmerr)
176- 180 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 SBGal Galaxy surface brightness (GSB)
182- 187 F6.2 arcsec Reff Galaxy effective radius in arcsec (Gre)
189- 192 F4.2 --- Gn Galaxy Sersic index (Gn)
194- 197 F4.2 --- e_Gn Error in Galaxy Sersic index (Gnerr)
199- 202 F4.2 --- Gb/a Galaxy axial ratio (Gb/a)
204- 207 F4.2 --- e_Gb/a Error in Galaxy axial ratio (Gb/aerr)
209- 214 F6.2 deg GPA Galaxy position angle (GPA)
216- 220 F5.2 deg e_GPA Error in Galaxy position angle (Gpaerr)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): As explained in the section 5.1 Morphology, Morphology types comprise
CD, E/S0, E/SB0, Irr, S0, SB0, SBP, SP, dG, ring.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 25 A25 --- Name Name of source as
(COMAiHHMMSS.ssspDDMMSS.ss) (COMA_ID)
27- 32 F6.2 deg RAdeg Right ascension of source (J2000) (RA)
34- 38 F5.2 deg DEdeg Declination of source (J2000) (DEC)
40- 44 F5.2 mag Galmag Galaxy total magnitude in HST-ACS F814W
filter (Gm)
46- 50 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 SBGal Galaxy surface brightness (GSB)
52- 57 F6.2 arcsec Reff Galaxy effective radius in arcsec (Gre)
59- 62 F4.2 --- Gn Galaxy Sersic index (Gn)
64- 67 F4.2 --- Gb/a Galaxy axial ratio (Gb/a)
69- 74 F6.2 deg GPA Galaxy position angle (GPA)
76- 81 F6.3 mag Gal1mag ? Galaxy total magnitude in HST-ACS
F814W filter (Gm_1) (1)
83- 87 F5.2 arcsec Reff1 ? Galaxy effective radius in arcsec
(Gre_1) (1)
89- 92 F4.2 --- Gn1 ? Galaxy Sersic index (Gn_1) (1)
94- 99 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 SBGal1 ? Galaxy surface brightness (GSB_1) (1)
101- 105 F5.3 --- Gb/a1 ? Galaxy axial ratio (Gb/a_1) (1)
107- 112 F6.2 deg GPA1 ? Galaxy position angle (GPA_1) (1)
114- 118 F5.2 mag Gal2mag ? Galaxy total magnitude in HST-ACS
F814W filter (Sm) (2)
120- 126 F7.4 arcsec Reff2 ? Galaxy effective radius in arcsec
(Sre) (2)
128- 131 F4.2 --- Gn2 ? Galaxy Sersic index (Sn) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Sersic fits obtained by Hoyos et al. 2011MNRAS.411.2439H 2011MNRAS.411.2439H,
Cat. J/MNRAS/411/2439 .
Note (2): Sersic fits obtained by Weinzirl et al. 2014MNRAS.441.3083W 2014MNRAS.441.3083W.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 25 A25 --- Name Name of source as
(COMAiHHMMSS.ssspDDMMSS.ss) (COMA_ID)
27- 32 F6.2 deg RAdeg Right ascension of source (J2000) (RA)
34- 38 F5.2 deg DEdeg Declination of source (J2000) (DEC)
40- 44 F5.2 mag Bulgemag ? Galactic bulge magnitude in HST-ACS
F814W filter (Bm)
46- 50 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 SBbulge ? Galactic bulge surface brightness
(BSB)
52- 57 F6.2 arcsec BReff ? Bulge effective radius in arcsec
(Bre)
59- 62 F4.2 --- Bn ? Galactic bulge Sersic index (Bn)
64- 67 F4.2 --- Bb/a ? Bulge axial ratio b/a (Bb/a)
69- 74 F6.2 deg BPA ? Bulge position angle (BPA)
76- 80 F5.2 mag Discmag ? Disc magnitude in HST-ACS F814W
filter (Dm)
82- 86 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 SBdisc ? Disc surface brightness (DSB)
88- 93 F6.2 arcsec Dsize ? Disc scale length (Drs)
95- 98 F4.2 --- Db/a ? Disc axial ratio b/a (Db/a)
100- 105 F6.2 deg DPA ? Disc position angle (DPA)
107- 111 F5.2 mag Bulge1mag ? Galactic bulge magnitude (Bm_1) (1)
113- 117 F5.2 arcsec BReff1 ? Bulge effective radius in arcsec
(Bre_1) (1)
119- 122 F4.2 --- Bn1 ? Galactic bulge Sersic index (Bn_1)
(1)
124- 127 F4.2 --- Bb/a1 ? Bulge axial ratio b/a (Bb/a_1) (1)
129- 134 F6.2 deg BPA1 ? Bulge position angle (BPA_1) (1)
136- 140 F5.2 mag Disc1mag ? Disc magnitude (Dm_1) (1)
142- 146 F5.2 arcsec Dsize1 ? Disc scale length (Drs_1) (1)
148- 151 F4.2 --- Db/a1 ? Disc axial ratio b/a (Db/a_1) (1)
153- 158 F6.2 deg DPA1 ? Disc position angle (DPA_1) (1)
160- 163 F4.2 arcsec BReff2 ? Bulge effective radius (S1re) (2)
165- 168 F4.2 --- Bn2 ? Bulge Sersic index (S1n) (2)
170- 173 F4.2 arcsec Dsize2 ? Disc scale length (S2re) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Sersic fits obtained by Head et al. 2014MNRAS.440.1690H 2014MNRAS.440.1690H,
Cat. J/MNRAS/440/1690.
Note (2): Sersic fits obtained by Weinzirl et al. 2014MNRAS.441.3083W 2014MNRAS.441.3083W.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 05-Dec-2024