J/MNRAS/512/4464 OpC study with UBVRI and Gaia EDR3 (Dias+, 2022)
58 open clusters investigated with UBVRI and Gaia EDR3 data.
Dias W.S., Monteiro H., Caetano T., Hickel G., Alves G., Sacchi M.,
Lepine J.R.D., Amarinho N.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 512, 4464-4483 (2022)>
=2022MNRAS.512.4464D 2022MNRAS.512.4464D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Clusters, open ; Photometry, UBVRI ; Optical ;
Infrared ; Associations, stellar ; Positional data ;
Parallaxes, trigonometric ; Proper motions ; Radial velocities ;
Combined data
Keywords: (Galaxy:) open clusters and associations: general
Abstract:
We present the results of the investigation of 58 open clusters using
UBVRI CCD photometry (Johnsons-Cousins system) and Gaia eDR3 data. The
membership probability of the stars in the cluster's field was
determined from a maximum- likelihood method using Gaia eDR3
astrometric data. The fundamental parameters of the clusters were
determined using a robust global optimization method to fit
theoretical model isochrones to UBVRI ground-based and Gaia eDR3
photometric data, respectively. We estimated mean proper motion, mean
parallax, and fundamental parameters considering the member stars for
25 clusters. Based on the high quality Gaia eDR3 data, the remaining
objects of the sample were found to be likely not real. The real
clusters are situated from 900 to 3000 pc with ages from about 6 Myr
to 2.5 Gyr. The results of the distances and ages obtained for both
independent sets of data are in agreement indicating that our method
to determine distances and ages using GBP and GRPGaia eDR3 data is
reliable.
Description:
Open clusters (OC) are used for different research areas as stellar
formation, modelling stellar structure and evolution and as spiral
structure tracers in Galactic structure studies. The interest in these
objects lies mainly in the fact that their distances and ages can be
estimated with good confidence level. It is a well known fact that the
photometric UBVRI data have been used to determine distance and age
through isochrone fit, with special importance to the U filter which
is essential to correctly estimate reddening avoiding bias in the
distance and age values. With better membership determination made
possible by the astrometric data of the new generation of high
precision astrometric Gaia EDR3 catalogue, clear features in the
colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the open clusters were obtained
yielding more precise and reliable values of distance and age. In this
context, this work is dedicated not only to estimate the fundamental
parameters of an open cluster sample but also to check, using good
quality homogeneous UBVRI photometry, how accurate and precise this
estimate is.
In this work, we present a compilation of all 60 open clusters
observed with UBVRI filters including 10 nights between 2016 and 2017
with 17 OC not published in our previous papers. The ground-based data
were obtained at Pico dos Dias Observatory (LNA-Brazil) using the
Boller & Chivens 0.6 m telescope with back-illuminated CCD detectors
and UBVRI Johnson-Cousins filters. For each star observed in UBVRI we
assign membership using the astrometric data from Gaia EDR3 according
to the descriptions given in Dias et al. (2018MNRAS.481.3887D 2018MNRAS.481.3887D, Cat.
J/MNRAS/481/3887). The membership probabilities were used as weights
to the distance and age isochrone fits in the UBVRI and Gaia data set
(i.e see section 2 & 3). We compile GaiaEDR3 and UBVRI photometric and
membership data into two respective files g3dr3.dat and ubvri.dat.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
cluster.dat 37 60 Open clusters in our study
g3dr3.dat 321 256831 Photometric data and membership probabilities
of stars clusters (with file names cluster.dat)
ubvri.dat 523 6877 Photometric UBVRI and JHKs data and membership
probabilities of stars clusters
(with file names namecluster.dat)
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See also:
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/340 : UCAC5 Catalogue (Zacharias+ 2017)
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates
(Dias+ 2002-2015)
J/MNRAS/504/356 : Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters (Dias+, 2021)
J/A+A/647/A19 : 3D Kinematics and age of OCs (Tarricq+, 2021)
J/A+A/633/A99 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way. II
(Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/A+A/635/A45 : 570 new open clusters in the Galactic disc
(Castro-Ginard+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/A+A/623/A80 : Open clusters in APOGEE and GALAH surveys (Carrera+, 2019)
J/ApJS/245/32 : Newly identified star clusters in Gaia DR2 (Liu+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/487/2385 : Distances and ages of 150 open clusters (Monteiro+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/481/3887 : Astrometry and photometry of 7 open clusters (Dias+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way
(Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A155 : Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2 (Soubiran+, 2018)
J/A+A/562/A54 : Galactic open clusters in RAVE (Conrad+, 2014)
J/AJ/146/88 : UBVRI standard stars around the celestial equator
(Clem+, 2013)
J/A+A/516/A3 : Proper motions of PM2000 open clusters (Krone-Martins+,2010)
J/A+A/485/303 : Radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 OCl
(Mermilliod+, 2008)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: cluster.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Cluster Open cluster name (cluster)
15- 16 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
18- 19 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
21- 25 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
27 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
34- 37 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: g3dr3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Cluster Name of the cluster (Cluster)
15- 21 F7.4 --- corpmRApmDE Correlation between proper motion in
right ascension and proper motion in
declination from Gaia EDR3 (pmRApmDEcor)
23- 29 F7.4 --- corPlxpmRA Correlation between parallax and proper
motion in right ascension from Gaia EDR3
(PlxpmRAcor)
31- 37 F7.4 --- corPlxpmDE Correlation between parallax and proper
motion in declination from Gaia EDR3
(PlxpmDEcor)
39- 40 I2 --- Nper Number of visibility periods used in
Astrometric solution from Gaia EDR3
(Nper)
42- 56 F15.11 deg RAdeg Barycentric right ascension of the source
(ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3
(RA_ICRS)
58- 63 F6.4 mas e_RAdeg Standard error eRA=eRA*cosDE of the right
ascension of the source in ICRS at
Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (eRAICRS)
65- 79 F15.11 deg DEdeg Barycentric declination of the source
(ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3
(DE_ICRS)
81- 86 F6.4 mas e_DEdeg Standard error of the declination of the
source in ICRS at at Ep=2016.0 from
Gaia EDR3 (eDEICRS)
88-106 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 Unique source Gaia EDR3 identifier
(Source)
108-115 F8.4 mas Plx Absolute stellar parallax of the source
at the Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (Plx)
117-122 F6.4 mas e_Plx Standard error of the stellar parallax at
Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (e_Plx)
124-130 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA Proper motion in right ascension
pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at
Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (pmRA)
132-136 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA Standard error of proper motion in right
ascension direction from Gaia EDR3
(e_pmRA)
138-144 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE Proper motion in declination direction
from Gaia EDR3 (pmDE)
146-150 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE Standard error of proper motion in
declination direction from Gaia EDR3
(e_pmDE)
152-157 F6.3 --- RUWE Renormalised unit weight error from Gaia
EDR3 (RUWE)
159-167 F9.6 mag Gmag ? G-band mean magnitude (Vega) from
Gaia EDR3 (Gmag)
169-176 F8.6 mag e_Gmag ? Standard error of G-band mean magnitude
(Vega) from Gaia EDR3 (e_Gmag)
178-186 F9.6 mag BPmag ? Integrated BP mean magnitude (Vega)
from Gaia EDR3 (BPmag)
188-195 F8.6 mag e_BPmag ? Standard error of BP mean magnitude
(Vega) from Gaia EDR3 (e_BPmag)
197-205 F9.6 mag RPmag ? Integrated RP mean magnitude (Vega)
from Gaia EDR3 (RPmag)
207-214 F8.6 mag e_RPmag ? Standard error of RP mean magnitude
(Vega) from Gaia EDR3 (e_RPmag)
216-224 F9.6 mag BP-RP ? BP-RP colour from Gaia EDR3 (BPRP)
226-232 F7.2 km/s RVDR2 ? Radial velocity from Gaia DR2 (RVDR2)
234-238 F5.2 km/s e_RVDR2 ? Radial velocity error from Gaia DR2
(e_RVDR2)
240-246 F7.3 --- E(BP/RP) ? BP/RP excess factor from Gaia EDR3
(EBP/RP)
248-256 F9.3 --- RFG ? Mean flux in the G-band divided by its
error from Gaia EDR3 (RFG)
258-266 F9.3 --- RFBP ? Integrated BP mean flux divided by its
error from Gaia EDR3 (RFBP)
268-276 F9.3 --- RFRP ? Integrated RP mean flux divided by its
error from Gaia EDR3 (RFRP)
278-286 F9.7 um-1 nueff ? Effective wavenumber of the source used
in the astrometric solution from
Gaia EDR3 (nueff)
288-297 F10.7 um pscol ? Astrometrically estimated pseudocolour
of the source from Gaia EDR3 (pscol)
299-313 F15.11 deg ELAT Ecliptic latitude from Gaia EDR3 (ELAT)
315-316 I2 --- Solved Which parameters have been solved for?
from Gaia EDR3 (Solved)
318-321 F4.2 --- Pmemb Membership propbability from our work see
section 3 (Pmemb)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: ubvri.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Cluster Name of the cluster (Cluster)
15- 19 I5 --- ID Identifier number (id)
21- 30 F10.6 deg RA2000deg Right ascension (J2000) (raj2000)
32- 41 F10.6 deg DE2000deg Declination (J2000) (dej2000)
43- 49 F7.4 mag umag ? U band apparent magnitude of
instumental standard system (u) (1)
51- 56 F6.4 mag e_umag ? Mean uncertainty of umag (su)
58- 64 F7.4 mag bmag B band apparent magnitude of instumental
standard system (b) (1)
66- 71 F6.4 mag e_bmag Mean uncertainty of bmag (sb)
73- 79 F7.4 mag vmag V band apparent magnitude of instumental
standard system (v) (1)
81- 86 F6.4 mag e_vmag Mean uncertainty of vmag (sv)
88- 94 F7.4 mag rmag ? R band apparent magnitude of
instumental standard system (r) (1)
96-101 F6.4 mag e_rmag ? Mean uncertainty of rmag (sr)
103-109 F7.4 mag imag ? I band apparent magnitude of
instumental standard system (i) (1)
111-116 F6.4 mag e_imag ? Mean uncertainty of imag (si)
118-124 E7.4 mag u-b ? u-b colour index (ub)
126-131 F6.4 mag e_u-b ? Mean uncertainty of u-b (sub)
133-139 F7.4 mag b-v b-v colour index (bv)
141-146 F6.4 mag e_b-v Mean uncertainty of b-v (sbv)
148-154 F7.4 mag v-r ? v-r colour index (vr)
156-161 F6.4 mag e_v-r ? Mean uncertainty of v-r (svr)
163-169 F7.4 mag r-i ? r-i colour index (ri)
171-176 F6.4 mag e_r-i ? Mean uncertainty of r-i (sri)
178-183 F6.3 mag jmag ? J band apparent magnitude of
instumental standard system (j) (1)
185-190 F6.3 mag hmag ? H band apparent magnitude of
instumental standard system (h) (1)
192-197 F6.3 mag ksmag ? Ks band apparent magnitude of
instumental standard system (ks) (1)
199-203 F5.3 mag e_jmag ? Mean uncertainty of jmag (sj)
205-209 F5.3 mag e_hmag ? Mean uncertainty of hmag (sh)
211-215 F5.3 mag e_ksmag ? Mean uncertainty of ksmag (sks)
217-223 E7.4 --- corpmRApmDE Correlation between proper motion in
right ascension and proper motion in
declination from Gaia EDR3 (pmRApmDEcor)
225-231 E7.4 --- corPlxpmRA Correlation between parallax and proper
motion in right ascension from Gaia EDR3
(PlxpmRAcor)
233-239 E7.4 --- corPlxpmDE Correlation between parallax and proper
motion in declination from Gaia EDR3
(PlxpmDEcor)
241-242 I2 --- Nper Number of visibility periods used in
Astrometric solution from GaiaEDR3 (Nper)
244-258 F15.11 deg RAdeg Barycentric right ascension of the source
(ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3
(RA_ICRS)
260-265 F6.4 mas e_RAdeg Standard error eRA=eRA*cosDE of the right
ascension of the source in ICRS at
Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (eRAICRS)
267-281 F15.11 deg DEdeg Barycentric declination of the source
(ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3
(DE_ICRS)
283-288 F6.4 mas e_DEdeg Standard error of the declination of the
source in ICRS at at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia
EDR3 (eDEICRS)
290-308 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 Unique source Gaia EDR3 identifier
(Source)
310-317 F8.4 mas Plx Absolute stellar parallax of the source
at the Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (Plx)
319-324 F6.4 mas e_Plx Standard error of the stellar parallax at
Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (e_Plx)
326-332 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA Proper motion in right ascension
pmRA*cosDE of the source in ICRS at
Ep=2016.0 from Gaia EDR3 (pmRA)
334-338 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA Standard error of proper motion in right
ascension direction from Gaia EDR3
(e_pmRA)
340-346 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE Proper motion in declination direction
from Gaia EDR3 (pmDE)
348-352 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE Standard error of proper motion in
declination direction from Gaia EDR3
(e_pmDE)
354-359 F6.3 --- RUWE Renormalised unit weight error from
Gaia EDR3 (RUWE)
361-369 F9.6 mag Gmag ? G-band mean magnitude (Vega) from
Gaia EDR3 (Gmag)
371-378 F8.6 mag e_Gmag ? Standard error of G-band mean magnitude
(Vega) from Gaia EDR3 (e_Gmag)
380-388 F9.6 mag BPmag ? Integrated BP mean magnitude (Vega)
from Gaia EDR3 (BPmag)
390-397 F8.6 mag e_BPmag ? Standard error of BP mean magnitude
(Vega) from Gaia EDR3 (e_BPmag)
399-407 F9.6 mag RPmag ? Integrated RP mean magnitude (Vega)
from Gaia EDR3 (RPmag)
409-416 F8.6 mag e_RPmag ? Standard error of RP mean magnitude
(Vega) from Gaia EDR3 (e_RPmag)
418-426 F9.6 mag BP-RP ? BP-RP colour from Gaia EDR3 (BPRP)
428-434 F7.2 km/s RVDR2 ? Radial velocity from Gaia DR2 (RVDR2)
436-440 F5.2 km/s e_RVDR2 ? Radial velocity error from Gaia DR2
(e_RVDR2)
442-448 F7.3 --- E(BP/RP) ? BP/RP excess factor from Gaia EDR3
(EBP/RP)
450-458 F9.3 --- RFG ? Mean flux in the G-band divided by its
error from Gaia EDR3 (RFG)
460-468 F9.3 --- RFBP ? Integrated BP mean flux divided by its
error from Gaia EDR3 (RFBP)
470-478 F9.3 --- RFRP ? Integrated RP mean flux divided by its
error from Gaia EDR3 (RFRP)
480-488 F9.7 um-1 nueff ? Effective wavenumber of the source used
in the astrometric solution from
Gaia EDR3 (nueff)
490-499 F10.7 um pscol ? Astrometrically estimated pseudocolour
of the source from Gaia EDR3 (pscol)
501-515 F15.11 deg ELAT Ecliptic latitude from Gaia EDR3 (ELAT)
517-518 I2 --- Solved Which parameters have been solved for?
from Gaia EDR3 (Solved)
520-523 F4.2 --- Pmemb Membership propbability from our work see
section 3 (Pmemb)
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Note (1): The instrumental magnitudes of the stars in each filter were
transformed to the standard system through the transformation
equations 1 of the section 2 using hundreds standard stars from
Clem & Landolt (2013AJ....146...88C 2013AJ....146...88C, Cat. J/AJ/146/88) observed in
each night at different air masses.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 18-Mar-2025