J/MNRAS/514/5506 Lines/Abundances in Seyfert and SF galaxies IX (Dors+, 2022)
Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies - IX. Helium abundance estimates.
Dors O.L., Valerdi M., Freitas-Lemes P., Krabbe A.C., Riffel R.A.,
Amores E.B., Riffel R., Armah M., Monteiro A.F., Oliveira C.B.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 514, 5506-5527 (2022)>
=2022MNRAS.514.5506D 2022MNRAS.514.5506D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, Seyfert ; Galaxies ; Optical ; Spectroscopy ;
Line Profiles ; Star Forming Region ; Abundances
Keywords: galaxies: abundances - galaxies: active - galaxies: evolution -
galaxies: formation - galaxies: ISM; galaxies: nuclei
Abstract:
For the first time, the helium abundance relative to hydrogen (He/H),
which relied on direct measurements of the electron temperature, has
been derived in the narrow line regions (NLRs) from a local sample of
Seyfert 2 nuclei. In view of this, optical emission line intensities
[3000 < λ(Å) < 7000] of 65 local Seyfert 2 nuclei (z < 0.2),
taken from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 15 and additional
compilation from the literature, were considered. We used
photoionization model grid to derive an Ionization Correction Factor
(ICF) for the neutral helium. The application of this ICF indicates
that the NLRs of Seyfert 2 present a neutral helium fraction of ∼50
per cent in relation to the total helium abundance. We find that
Seyfert 2 nuclei present helium abundance ranging from 0.60 to 2.50
times the solar value, while ∼85 per cent of the sample present
oversolar abundance values. The derived (He/H)-(O/H) abundance
relation from the Seyfert 2 is stepper than that of star-forming
regions (SFs) and this difference could be due to excess of helium
injected into the interstellar medium by the winds of Wolf-Rayet
stars. From a regression to zero metallicity, by using Seyfert 2
estimates combined with SFs estimates, we obtained a primordial helium
mass fraction Yp = 0.2441 ± 0.0037, a value in good agreement with
the one inferred from the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic
microwave background by the Planck Collaboration, i.e.
YpPlanck = 0.2471 ± 0.0003.
Description:
As a further study, in this work, we apply the Te-method to a combined
spectroscopy data taken from the SDSS and additional data from
distinct authors with the goal to derive the y=N(He)/N(H) values in a
sample of local Seyfert 2 and SF galaxies. These estimates allow
access to the helium abundance in a higher metallicity regime than
that in SFs and produce important constraints to primordial helium
abundance as well as to the studies of stellar nucleosynthesis.
For a first result, we provide a final sample consists of 65 Seyfert 2
galaxies with redshift z < 0.2 whose reddening-correction line
intensities are listed in tablea1.dat (i.e refer to section 2.1 for
spectroscopic analysis on these galaxies). Secondly, we compiled
emission-line intensities of SF galaxies from the literature with the
goal of comparing their estimates with our AGN results,
reddening-correction line intensities are listed in tablea2.dat. These
2 galaxy groups are selected if they have good data quality
measurements emission-lines of [O II]λ 3727,
[O III]λ 4363, HeII λ 4686, H β,
[O III]λ 5007, He Iλ 5876, H α, and
[S II]λ 6716, λ 6731 (i.e see section 2.2).
Finally with methods explained in section 3, for the two galaxy
selection groups, we determine ionic and total abundances of helium
and oxygen. These results are presented in tablea3.dat.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 119 65 Reddening corrected emission line intensities
in relation to Hβ=1.0 of Seyfert 2
galaxies sample
tablea2.dat 130 88 Reddening corrected emission line intensities
in relation to Hβ=1.0 of SF galaxies sample
tablea3.dat 106 150 Chemical abundances for the Seyfert 2 and SF
galaxies samples
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/MNRAS/501/1370 : Chemical abundances of Seyfert 2 AGNs IV (Dors+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/505/4289 : Chemical abundances of nearby galaxies (Perez-diaz+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/508/1084 : MaNGA star-forming galaxies (Kumari+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/492/468 : Chemical abundances of Seyfert 2 AGNs - I (Dors+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/469/2121 : Mass-metallicity relation revisited with CALIFA
(Sanchez+ 2017)
J/ApJ/915/21 : CHAOS. VI. Direct abundances in NGC 2403 (Rogers+, 2021)
J/ApJ/893/96 : CHAOS IV: NGC3184 LBT obs. & 3 other gal. abundances
(Berg+, 2020)
J/ApJ/896/77 : The PHLEK survey: oxygen & helium abundances (Hsyu+, 2020)
J/ApJ/830/4 : HII region abundances in NGC 5457 (M101) (Croxall+, 2016)
J/ApJ/806/16 : CHemical Abundances of Spirals (CHAOS). I. NGC628
(Berg+, 2015)
J/ApJ/808/42 : CHemical Abundances of Spirals (CHAOS) II. M51
(Croxall+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/12 : S7 observations with WiFeS of active galaxies (Dopita+,2015)
J/A+A/448/955 : Abundances of emission galaxies in SDSS-DR3 (Izotov+, 2006)
II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7
(Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- Galaxy Name of the Seyfert 2 galaxy (ObjID)
21- 24 F4.2 --- [OII]l3727/Hb The [O II] λ3727Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([OII]λ3727)
26- 29 F4.2 --- e_[OII]l3727/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of [OII]l3727/Hb
(err[OII]λ3727)
31- 34 F4.2 --- [OIII]l4363/Hb The [O III] λ4363Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio
([OIII]λ4363)
36- 40 F5.3 --- e_[OIII]l4363/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of [OIII]l4363/Hb
(err[OIII]l4363/Hb)
42- 47 F6.3 --- HeIIl4686/Hb The HeII λ4686Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio (HeIIλ4686)
49- 52 F4.2 --- e_HeIIl4686/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of HeIIl4686/Hb
(errHeIIl4686/Hb)
54- 59 F6.3 --- [OIII]l5007/Hb The [OIII] λ5007Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio
([OIII]λ5007)
61- 64 F4.2 --- e_[OIII]l5007/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of [OIII]l5007/Hb
(err[OIII]l5007/Hb)
66- 70 F5.3 --- HeIl5876/Hb The HeI λ5876Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio (HeIλ5876)
72- 75 F4.2 --- e_HeIl5876/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of HeIl5876/Hb
(errHeIλ5876)
77- 80 F4.2 --- Ha/Hb The Hα λ6563Å to
Hβ line intensity ratio
(Hαλ6563)
82- 85 F4.2 --- e_Ha/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of Ha/Hb
(errHαλ6563)
87- 90 F4.2 --- [NII]/Hb The [NII] λ6583Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([NII]λ6583)
92- 95 F4.2 --- e_[NII]/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of [NII]/Hb
(err[NII]λ6583)
97- 100 F4.2 --- [SII]l6716/Hb The [SII] λ6716Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([SII]λ6716)
102- 105 F4.2 --- e_[SII]l6716/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of [SII]l6716/Hb
(err[SII]l6716/Hb)
107- 111 F5.3 --- [SII]l6731/Hb The [SII] λ6731Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([SII]λ6731)
113- 116 F4.2 --- e_[SII]l6731/Hb ? Mean uncertainty of [SII]l6731/Hb
(err[SII]λ6731)
118- 119 I2 --- r_Galaxy Reference of the galaxy data
measurements (Ref) (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The galaxy data measurements references are as follows:
1 = SDSS-DR7 from York et al. 2000AJ....120.1579Y 2000AJ....120.1579Y, 10 objects in
the galaxy sample
2 = Koski 1978ApJ...223...56K 1978ApJ...223...56K, 13 objects in the galaxy sample
3 = Shuder 1980ApJ...240...32S 1980ApJ...240...32S, 1 object in the galaxy sample
4 = Alloin et al. 1992A&A...266..117A 1992A&A...266..117A, 1 object in the galaxy sample
5 = Phillips et al. 1983ApJ...266..485P 1983ApJ...266..485P, 4 objects in the galaxy
sample
6 = Shuder & Osterbrock 1981ApJ...250...55S 1981ApJ...250...55S, 3 objects in the galaxy
sample
7 = Dopita et al. 2015ApJS..217...12D 2015ApJS..217...12D, Cat. J/ApJS/217/12, 11 objects
in the galaxy sample
8 = Osterbrock & Miller 1975ApJ...197..535O 1975ApJ...197..535O, 1 object in the galaxy
sample
9 = Durret 1994A&AS..105...57D 1994A&AS..105...57D, 1 object in the galaxy sample
10 = Bergvall et al. 1986A&A...166...92B 1986A&A...166...92B, 1 object in the galaxy
sample
11 = Thomas et al. 2017ApJS..232...11T 2017ApJS..232...11T, 19 objects in the galaxy
sample
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- Galaxy Name of the SF galaxy (ObjID)
21- 24 F4.2 --- [OII]l3727/Hb The [O II] λ3727Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([OII]λ3727)
26- 29 F4.2 --- e_[OII]l3727/Hb Mean uncertainty of [OII]l3727/Hb
(err[OII]λ3727)
31- 35 F5.3 --- [OIII]l4363/Hb The [O III] λ4363Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio
([OIII]λ4363)
37- 42 F6.4 --- e_[OIII]l4363/Hb Mean uncertainty of [OIII]l4363/Hb
(err[OIII]l4363/Hb)
44- 48 F5.3 --- HeIIl4686/Hb The HeII λ4686Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio (HeIIλ4686)
50- 55 F6.4 --- e_HeIIl4686/Hb Mean uncertainty of HeIIl4686/Hb
(errHeIIl4686/Hb)
57- 61 F5.3 --- [OIII]l5007/Hb The [OIII] λ5007Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio
([OIII]λ5007)
63- 67 F5.3 --- e_[OIII]l5007/Hb Mean uncertainty of [OIII]l5007/Hb
(err[OIII]l5007/Hb)
69- 73 F5.3 --- HeIl5876/Hb The HeI λ5876Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio (HeIλ5876)
75- 79 F5.3 --- e_HeIl5876/Hb Mean uncertainty of HeIl5876/Hb
(errHeIλ5876)
81- 85 F5.3 --- Ha/Hb The Hα λ6563Å to
Hβ line intensity ratio
(Hαλ6563)
87- 91 F5.3 --- e_Ha/Hb Mean uncertainty of Ha/Hb
(errHαλ6563)
93- 97 F5.3 --- [NII]/Hb The [NII] λ6583Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([NII]λ6583)
99- 103 F5.3 --- e_[NII]/Hb Mean uncertainty of [NII]/Hb
(err[NII]λ6583)
105- 109 F5.3 --- [SII]l6716/Hb The [SII] λ6716Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([SII]λ6716)
111- 115 F5.3 --- e_[SII]l6716/Hb Mean uncertainty of [SII]l6716/Hb
(err[SII]l6716/Hb)
117- 121 F5.3 --- [SII]l6731/Hb The [SII] λ6731Å to Hβ
line intensity ratio ([SII]λ6731)
123- 127 F5.3 --- e_[SII]l6731/Hb Mean uncertainty of [SII]l6731/Hb
(err[SII]λ6731)
129- 130 I2 --- r_Galaxy Reference of the galaxy data
measurements (Ref) (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The galaxy data measurements references are as follows:
1 = Berg et al. 2020ApJ...893...96B 2020ApJ...893...96B, Cat. J/ApJ/893/96, 5 objects
in the galaxy
2 = Croxall et al. 2016ApJ...830....4C 2016ApJ...830....4C, Cat. J/ApJ/830/4, 35 objects
in the galaxy
3 = Croxall et al. 2015ApJ...808...42C 2015ApJ...808...42C, Cat. J/ApJ/808/42, 1 object
in the galaxy
4 = Rogers et al. 2021ApJ...915...21R 2021ApJ...915...21R, Cat. J/ApJ/915/21, 11 objects
in the galaxy
5 = Hagele et al. 2008MNRAS.383..209H 2008MNRAS.383..209H, 2 objects in the galaxy
6 = Annibali et al. 2019MNRAS.482.3892A 2019MNRAS.482.3892A, 1 object in the galaxy
7 = Hsyu et al. 2020ApJ...896...77H 2020ApJ...896...77H, Cat. J/ApJ/896/77, 2 objects
in the galaxy
8 = Izotov et al. 1997ApJS..108....1I 1997ApJS..108....1I, 19 objects in the galaxy
9 = Kunth & Sargent 1983ApJ...273...81K 1983ApJ...273...81K, 3 objects in the galaxy
10 = Valerdi et al. 2021MNRAS.505.3624V 2021MNRAS.505.3624V, 4 objects in the galaxy
11 = Peimbert et al. 2012ApJ...753...39P 2012ApJ...753...39P, 4 objects in the galaxy
12 = Valerdi et al. 2019ApJ...876...98V 2019ApJ...876...98V, 1 object in the galaxy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- Galaxy Name of the SF galaxy (ObjID)
21- 25 F5.3 [-] [O+/H+] Ion oxygen O+ to ion hydrogen H+ abundance
ratio (O+/H+) (1)
27- 31 F5.3 [-] e_[O+/H+] Mean uncertainty of [O+/H+] (errO+/H+)
33- 37 F5.3 [-] [O2+/H+] Ion oxygen O2+ to ion hydrogen H+ abundance
ratio (O2+/H+) (1)
39- 43 F5.3 [-] e_[O2+/H+] Mean uncertainty of [O2+/H+] (errO2+/H+)
45- 49 F5.3 --- ICF(O) The ionization correction factor for the
oxygen (ICFO) (2)
51- 55 F5.3 [-] [O/H] Total oxygen to hydrogen abundance ratio (3)
57- 61 F5.3 [-] e_[O/H] Mean uncertainty of [O/H] (errO/H)
63- 68 F6.3 [-] [He+/H+] Ion helium He+ to ion hydrogen H+ abundance
ratio (He+/H+) (1)
70- 74 F5.3 [-] e_[He+/H+] Mean uncertainty of [He+/H+] (errHe+/H+)
76- 81 F6.3 [-] [He2+/H+] Ion helium He2+ to ion hydrogen H+ abundance
ratio (He+/H+) (1)
83- 87 F5.3 [-] e_[He2+/H+] Mean uncertainty of [He2+/H+] (errHe2+/H+)
89- 93 F5.3 --- ICF(He) The ionization correction factor for the
helium (ICFHe)
95- 100 F6.3 [-] [He/H] Total helium to hydrogen abundance ratio (3)
102- 106 F5.3 [-] e_[He/H] Mean uncertainty of [He/H] (errHe/H)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Ionic abundance in units of 12 + log(Xn+/H+).
Note (2): ICF(O) is the ionization correction factor for the oxygen which takes
into account the contribution of unobserved oxygen ions (e.g O3+).
In fact, several studies have found a strong intensity of the
[O IV]λ25.89µm emission line in AGN spectra indicating a
non-negligible fraction of the O3+ abundance. We use the equation 15
(of the section 3.1.3 Oxygen abundance) empirical expression to
compute ICF(O).
Note (3): Total abundance in units of 12 + log(X/H).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Dors et al., Paper I 2020MNRAS.492..468D 2020MNRAS.492..468D, Cat. J/MNRAS/492/468
Carvalho et al., Paper II 2020MNRAS.492.5675C 2020MNRAS.492.5675C
Dors et al., Paper III 2020MNRAS.496.3209D 2020MNRAS.496.3209D
Dors et al., Paper IV 2021MNRAS.501.1370D 2021MNRAS.501.1370D, Cat. J/MNRAS/501/1370
Riffel et al., Paper V 2021MNRAS.501L..54R 2021MNRAS.501L..54R
Dors, Paper VI 2021MNRAS.507..466D 2021MNRAS.507..466D
Armah et al., Paper VII 2021MNRAS.508..371A 2021MNRAS.508..371A
Monteiro & Dors, Paper VIII 2021MNRAS.508.3023M 2021MNRAS.508.3023M
Dors et al., Paper X 2023MNRAS.521.1969D 2023MNRAS.521.1969D
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 17-Apr-2025