J/MNRAS/516/2540 Study of ultra short period variable binary stars (Koen, 2022)
Candidate and confirmed ultrashort period main-sequence binary stars.
Koen C.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 516, 2540-2553 (2022)>
=2022MNRAS.516.2540K 2022MNRAS.516.2540K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Binaries, eclipsing ; Positional data ;
Photometry ; Optical ; References ; Extinction ;
Effective temperatures ; Magnitudes, absolute ; Spectral types
Keywords: binaries: close - stars: variables: general
Abstract:
The lower tail of the period distribution of main-sequence binary
stars is poorly constrained due to the small number of such systems
known. This paper deals with candidate binary stars with periods
shorter than 0.2 d and colour indices consistent with them being M
dwarfs. Three sources of candidates are considered - a catalogue of
TESS eclipsing binaries, the ATLAS catalogue of variable stars, and
binary stars from the 'International Variable Star Index' (VSX)
website. The TESS eclipsing binary catalogue contains five new
candidates satisfying the period and colour criteria. New photometry
confirms one as a bona fide main-sequence system, and another as a
white dwarf/red dwarf pair. New multicolour light curves of 10 ATLAS
stars are presented: 7 of these are main sequence binaries with
confirmed ultrashort periods (P < 0.2 d). There are 328 red VSX binary
candidates with short periods. Literature searches for 77 of these
with P < 0.17 d were performed: only 6 are previously studied main
sequence systems, and another 14 are known red dwarf/white dwarf
systems.
Description:
Ultrashort period main-sequence binaries may be intrinsically quite
rare. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the study of
main-sequence binaries with very short periods, through screening
large collections of candidates, and confirming a number of these as
bona fide double M dwarf systems. Candidate systems are taken from
three sources, the TESS eclipsing binary EB catalogue of Prsa et al.
(2022ApJS..258...16P 2022ApJS..258...16P, Cat. J/ApJS/258/16), the ATLAS variable star
catalogue of Heinze et al. (2018AJ....156..241H 2018AJ....156..241H, Cat. J/AJ/156/241)
and VSX catalogue Cat. B/vsx. Existing time-series photometry of stars
was extracted from four large surveys, CSS, NEOWISE, ZTF and ATLAS.
Light curves were also extracted from the TESS EB catalogue (i.e
section Introduction).
As reported in section 2, new time-series photometry reported was
obtained with the SAAO telescope, observational log are available in
section 2.1 for selected variable stars. Next we exposed selected
short period variables from TESS EB catalogue in table2.dat. For the 5
five new variables in table2.dat, we construct absolute photometry by
SED fitting. The table3.dat shows resulting properties AV, Teff,
logg, absolute bolometric magnitudes and spectral types.
As detailed in section 4, the table5.dat provides a first set of basic
information about the stars extracted from the ATLAS variable star
catalogue as short periods, magnitudes and colours. Similarly to
table3.dat, we extracted same results for these ATLAS stars using two
cases : assuming extinction fixed by reen et al. (2018MNRAS.478..651G 2018MNRAS.478..651G)
and set extinction as a free parameter, results are available in
table6.dat.
Finally, we focused on VSX catalogue of 874 stars with P < 0.2 d and
of class 'E%' (eclipsing variables of all types). In order to keep the
present study tractable, literature searches were conducted for only
those 77 candidates with P < 0.17 d in table8.dat. More, the full set
of 328 stars satisfying the colour criterion is included in
table8ex.dat. These two tables contain positions, Gaia magnitudes and
colours, periods and literature references.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 72 11 Short period (P<0.2 d) and red (GB-GR>1.84mag)
periodic variables from the TESS EB catalogue
table3.dat 62 5 Physical properties of the five new ultrashort
period binaries
table5.dat 83 10 Properties of ATLAS stars studied in the paper
table6.dat 72 20 *Derived physical parameters and spectral types
ATLAS stars studied
table8.dat 74 77 Short period (P<0.17d) red (GB-GR>1.84mag)
periodic variables from the VSX catalogue
table8ex.dat 68 328 Sample including all periodic variables stars
from the VSX catalogue with P<0.2d
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table6.dat: Each objects have values from first and second parameter
estimate cases divided in two lines respectively.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/vsx : AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
II/312 : GALEX-DR5 (GR5) sources from AIS and MIS (Bianchi+ 2011)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/336 : AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016)
II/358 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR1.1 (Wolf+, 2018)
II/379 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR4 (Onken+, 2024)
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
VII/233 : 2MASS All-Sky Extended Source Catalog (XSC)
(IPAC-UMass, 2003-2006)
J/A+A/513/L7 : Post common envelope binaries from SDSS. VIII
(Schreiber+,2010)
J/A+A/588/A103 : Second ROSAT all-sky survey (2RXS) source catalog
(Boller+, 2016)
J/A+A/610/A66 : Equivalent widths of 7 stars in NGC 6705 (Casamiquela+, 2018)
J/A+A/614/A125 : Stellar content of the XMM-Newton slew survey (Freund+, 2018)
J/A+A/648/A44 : Large-amplitude variables in Gaia DR2 (Mowlavi+, 2021)
J/ApJ/731/17 : Variability of low-mass stars in SDSS Stripe 82
(Becker+, 2011)
J/ApJ/877/60 : YMGs. I. Young binaries & lithium-rich stars (Bowler+, 2019)
J/ApJS/249/18 : The ZTF catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2020)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJS/213/9 : Catalina Surveys periodic variable stars (Drake+, 2014)
J/ApJS/237/28 : WISE catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2018)
J/ApJS/246/4 : Catalog of ultrawide binary stars from Gaia DR2 (Tian+, 2020)
J/ApJS/247/66 : SUPERWIDE: wide binaries in Gaia & SUPERBLINK (Hartman+, 2020)
J/ApJS/258/16 : TESS Eclipsing Binary stars. I. Sectors 1-26 (Prsa+, 2022)
J/ApJS/254/10 : Compilation of W UMa stars (Latkovic+, 2021)
J/AJ/153/231 : BVR photometry of EPIC 211957146 (Sriram+, 2017)
J/AJ/157/85 : The CIDA Variability Survey of Orion OB1. II. (Briceno+, 2019)
J/AJ/156/241 : A first catalog of variable stars measured by ATLAS
(Heinze+, 2018)
J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/60 : Palomar Transient Factory Orion Project (Van Eyken+, 2011)
J/AJ/145/102 : Spectroscopy of bright M dwarfs in the northern sky
(Lepine+, 2013)
J/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)
J/AcA/63/115 : OGLE-III Galactic disk eclipsing binaries (Pietrukowicz+,2013)
J/AcA/65/39 : OGLE Galactic Bulge ultra-short-period binaries
(Soszynski+, 2015)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- TIC TIC number from TESS EB catalogue of Prsa et al.
2022ApJS..258...16P 2022ApJS..258...16P, Cat. J/ApJS/258/16 (TIC)
11- 18 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension from TESS EB catalogue of Prsa
et al. 2022ApJS..258...16P 2022ApJS..258...16P, Cat. J/ApJS/258/16
(J2000) (RA)
20- 27 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination from TESS EB catalogue of Prsa et
al. 2022ApJS..258...16P 2022ApJS..258...16P, Cat. J/ApJS/258/16
(J2000) (Dec)
29- 33 F5.2 mag Gmag G-band mean magnitude (Vega) from Gaia
Collaboration Cat. I/350 (G)
35- 38 F4.2 mag BP-RP BP-RP colour from Gaia Collaboration Cat. I/350
(GB-GR)
40- 47 F8.6 d P Short period from TESS EB catalogue of Prsa et
al. 2022ApJS..258...16P 2022ApJS..258...16P, Cat. J/ApJS/258/16
(Period)
49- 70 A22 --- OName Other name (Other_name)
72 I1 --- r_OName ? Literature reference for previously studied
variables (Reference) (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Reference are as follows:
1 = Koen 2019MNRAS.490.1283K 2019MNRAS.490.1283K
2 = Koen 2022MNRAS.510.1857K 2022MNRAS.510.1857K
3 = Briceno et al. 2019AJ....157...85B 2019AJ....157...85B, Cat. J/AJ/157/85
4 = Lee 2017AJ....153..118L 2017AJ....153..118L
5 = Lopez-Morales et al. 2006astro.ph.10225L 2006astro.ph.10225L,
Van Belle et al. 2020PASP..132e4201V 2020PASP..132e4201V
6 = Lopez-Morales et al. 2006astro.ph.10225L 2006astro.ph.10225L
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- --- [TIC]
5- 13 I9 --- TIC TIC number from TESS EB catalogue of Prsa et
al. 2022ApJS..258...16P 2022ApJS..258...16P, Cat. J/ApJS/258/16
(TIC)
15 I1 mag AV Extinction values fixed at 0 mag (AV)
17 I1 mag e_AV Standard error of AV (errAV)
19- 22 I4 K Teff Effective temperature estimated (Teff)
24- 25 I2 K e_Teff Standard error of Teff (errTeff)
27- 29 F3.1 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity estimated (logg)
31- 33 F3.1 [cm/s2] e_logg Standard error of logg (errlogg)
35- 39 F5.2 mag Mbol Absolute bolometric magnitude estimated
(Mbol)
41- 44 F4.2 mag e_Mbol Standard error of Mbol (errMbol)
46- 49 A4 --- SpType1 Spectral types value estimated based on
temperature estimates (Sp1)
51- 54 A4 --- SpType2 Spectral types value estimated based on
bolometric magnitude estimates (Sp2)
56- 59 A4 --- SpType3 Spectral types values (Sp3) (1)
61- 62 I2 --- o_TIC Number of photometric measurements taken
into account (n)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): If it is assumed that the bolometric magnitude is made up of
contributions from two stars of similar brightness.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- Name Catalogue name from ATLAS variable star cat of
Heinze et al. 2018AJ....156..241H 2018AJ....156..241H, Cat.
J/AJ/156/241 (Catalogue_name)
25- 39 A15 --- OName Short name (Short_name)
41- 50 F10.8 d P Period from ATLAS variable star cat of Heinze et
al. 2018AJ....156..241H 2018AJ....156..241H, Cat. J/AJ/156/241
(Period)
52- 61 F10.8 d e_P ? Mean uncertainty of P (errP)
63- 64 A2 --- f_P Periods marked with a d are double the ATLAS
catalogue values (flag)
66- 71 F6.3 mag gmag Magnitude in g filter and AB system from
Pan-STARRS survey of Chambers et al.
2016arXiv161205560C 2016arXiv161205560C, Cat. II/349 (g)
73- 77 F5.3 mag g-i g-i colour in AB system from Pan-STARRS survey
of Chambers et al. 2016arXiv161205560C 2016arXiv161205560C,
Cat. II/349 (g-i)
79- 83 F5.3 mag r-z r-z colour in AB system from Pan-STARRS survey
of Chambers et al. 2016arXiv161205560C 2016arXiv161205560C,
Cat. II/349 (r-z)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- OName Short name (Short_name)
17- 21 F5.3 mag AV Extinction values fixed from Green et al.
2018MNRAS.478..651G 2018MNRAS.478..651G for the first line and
as free parameter for the second line (AV)
23- 26 F4.2 mag e_AV ? Mean uncertainty of AV (errAV)
28- 31 I4 K Teff Derived effective temperature values from
first and second case for each ATLAS object
(Teff)
33- 35 I3 K e_Teff Mean uncertainty of Teff (errTeff)
37- 39 F3.1 [cm/s2] logg Derived surface gravity values from first
and second case for each ATLAS object (logg)
41- 43 F3.1 [cm/s2] e_logg Mean uncertainty of logg (errlogg)
45- 49 F5.2 mag Mbol Derived absolute bolometric magnitude from
first and second case for each ATLAS object
(Mbol)
51- 54 F4.2 mag e_Mbol Mean uncertainty of Mbol (errMbol)
56- 59 A4 --- SpType1 Spectral types values deduced based on
temperature estimates (Sp1)
61- 64 A4 --- SpType2 Spectral types values deduced based on
bolometric magnitude estimates (Sp2)
66- 69 A4 --- SpType3 Spectral types values (Sp3) (1)
71- 72 I2 --- o_OName ? Number of photometric measurements taken
into account from first and second case for
each ATLAS object (n)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): If it is assumed that the bolometric magnitude is made up of
contributions from two stars of similar brightness.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 26 A26 --- Name Star name (Name)
28 A1 --- f_Name Notes on star classes (flag) (1)
30- 37 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (RA)
39- 46 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (Dec)
48- 54 F7.4 mag Gmag G-band mean magnitude (Vega) from Gaia archive
(G)
56- 61 F6.4 mag BP-RP BP-RP colour (GB-GR)
63- 68 F6.4 d P Short period (Period)
70- 74 A5 --- r_Name Literature reference (Reference) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Notations as follows:
a = Stars with WD or HSD components, 14 objects in our sample
b = Known main sequence binaries, 6 objects in our sample
c = Stars that are probably not ultrashort period binaries, 3 objects
in our sample
d = Unstudied candidate main-sequence binaries, 54 objects in our
sample
Note (2): Literature reference as follows:
1 = Parsons et al. 2012MNRAS.426.1950P 2012MNRAS.426.1950P
2 = Denisenko & Larin 2018arXiv180704574D 2018arXiv180704574D
3 = Pyrzas et al. 2012MNRAS.419..817P 2012MNRAS.419..817P
4 = Parsons et al. 2013MNRAS.436..241P 2013MNRAS.436..241P
5 = Drake et al. 2014ApJ...790..157D 2014ApJ...790..157D
6 = Parsons et al. 2013MNRAS.429..256P 2013MNRAS.429..256P
7 = O'Donoghue et al. 2003MNRAS.345..506O 2003MNRAS.345..506O
8 = Acerbi et al. 2020RAA....20...62A 2020RAA....20...62A
9 = Becker et al. 2011ApJ...731...17B 2011ApJ...731...17B, Cat. J/ApJ/731/17
10 = Pietrukowicz et al. 2013AcA....63..115P 2013AcA....63..115P, Cat. J/AcA/63/115
11 = Nefs et al. 2012MNRAS.425..950N 2012MNRAS.425..950N
12 = Chen et al. 2020ApJS..249...18C 2020ApJS..249...18C, Cat. J/ApJS/249/18
13 = Heinze et al. 2018AJ....156..241H 2018AJ....156..241H, Cat. J/AJ/156/241
14 = Drake et al. 2014ApJS..213....9D 2014ApJS..213....9D, Cat. J/ApJS/213/9
15 = Chen et al. 2018ApJS..237...28C 2018ApJS..237...28C, Cat. J/ApJS/237/28
16 = Soszynski et al. 2015AcA....65...39S 2015AcA....65...39S, Cat. J/AcA/65/39
17 = Schreiber et al. 2010A&A...513L...7S 2010A&A...513L...7S, Cat. J/A+A/513/L7
18 = Parsons et al. 2015MNRAS.449.2194P 2015MNRAS.449.2194P
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8ex.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 28 A28 --- Name Star name (Name)
30- 37 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (RA)
39- 46 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (Dec)
48- 54 F7.4 mag Gmag G-band mean magnitude (Vega) from Gaia
archive (G)
56- 61 F6.4 mag BP-RP BP-RP colour (GB-GR)
63- 68 F6.4 d P Short period (Period)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 25-Jul-2025