J/MNRAS/517/962 Metal-rich galaxies dust, CO and [CI] (Dunne+, 2022)
Dust, CO and [C I]: Cross-calibration of molecular gas mass tracers in
metal-rich galaxies across cosmic time
Dunne L., Maddox S., Papadopoulous P.P., Ivison R.J., Gomez H.L.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 517, 962-999 (2022)>
=2022MNRAS.517..962D 2022MNRAS.517..962D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, IR ; Interstellar medium ; Carbon monoxide
Keywords: ISM: dust, extinction - galaxies: high redshift -
submillimetre: galaxies, ISM - radio lines: galaxies - ISM
Abstract:
We present a self-consistent cross-calibration of the three main
molecular gas mass tracers in galaxies, namely the 12CO(1-0),
[CI](3P!-3P0) lines,and the submm dust continuum emission,
using asample of 407 galaxies, ranging from local disks to
submillimetre-selected galaxies (SMGs) up to z∼6. A Bayesian
statistical method is used to produce galaxy-scale universal
calibrations of these molecular gas indicators that hold over 3-4
orders of magnitude in infrared luminosity, LIR. Regarding the dust
continuum, we use a mass-weighted dust temperature, Tmw, determined
using new empirical relations between temperature and luminosity. We
find the average L/Mmol gas mass conversion factors (including He)
to be α850=6.9x1012mW/Hz/M☉,
αCO=4.0M☉/(K.(km/s)/pc2 and
αCI=17.0M_☉/(K.(km/s)/pc2), based on the assumption that
the mean dust properties of the sample (κH= gas-to-dust
ratio/dust emissivity) will be similar to those of local metal rich
galaxies and the Milky Way. The tracer with the least intrinsic
scatter is CI(1-0), while CO(1-0) has the highest. The conversion
factors show a weak but significant correlation with LIR which is
not apparent when Tmw is held constant. Assuming dust properties
typical of metal-rich galaxies, we infer a neutral carbon abundance
XCI=[C0/H2]=1.6x10-5, similar to that in the Milky Way. We
find no evidence for bi-modality of aco between main- sequence (MS)
galaxies and those with extreme star-formation intensity, i.e.
ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and SMGs. The means of the
three conversion factors are found to be similar between MS galaxies
and ULIRGs/SMGs, to within 10-20 per cent. The overarching conclusion
of our work is that, for metal-rich galaxies, near-universal average
values for aco, XCI and kh are adequate for global molecular gas
estimates within the expected uncertainties. The 1σ scatter in
our optimised values for αCO, XCI and κH are 0.14,
0.11 and 0.15dex respectively.
Description:
This table contains information on the CO, CI and dust data for
literature source.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
master.dat 246 408 Information on the CO, CI and dust data for
literature source
opt_xa.dat 96 121 Sample Xa, CO and CI,
median logLIR=11.66 (11.88)
opt_xd.dat 133 152 Sample Xd, Dust and CI,
median logLIR=11.88 (12.06)
opt_dax.dat 103 114 Sample daX, Dust, CO and CI,
median logLIR=11.65 (11.77)
opt_ad.dat 123 335 Sample ad, CO and dust,
median logLIR=11.54 (12.07)
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See also:
J/ApJ/820/83 : ALMA galaxy properties in COSMOS survey field (Scoville+ 2016)
J/A+A/641/A155 : CO+[CI] emission in distant galaxies (Valentino+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: master.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name ID of galaxy
18- 19 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
21- 22 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
24- 31 F8.5 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
34 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
35- 36 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
38- 39 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
41- 47 F7.4 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
50- 55 F6.4 --- z Redshift
57- 64 F8.2 Mpc DL ?=- Luminosity distance
66- 71 F6.3 [Lsun] logLIR ?=- Total IR Luminosity (1)
73- 77 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logLIR ?=- Error IR Luminosity (log)
79- 85 F7.3 [Lsun] logLCI ?=- CI Luminosity (log) (2)
87- 92 F6.3 [Lsun] e_logLCI []?=- Error CI Luminosity (log)
94-100 F7.3 [Lsun] logLCO ?=- CO Luminosity (log) (2)
102-106 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logLCO ?=- Error CO Luminosity (log)
108-113 F6.4 --- JCorr ?=- Correction factor for Jiao et al.
(2019ApJ...880..133J 2019ApJ...880..133J) sample
114-118 F5.2 --- HI/H2 ?=- Ratio of HI-to-H2
120-125 F6.1 um lambdaObs ?=- Observed wavelength used to determine
850um luminosity i
127-136 F10.4 mJy Scont ?=- Continuum flux at observed wavelength
137-145 F9.4 mJy e_Scont []?=- Error in Scont
147-151 F5.2 --- mu Magnification factor due to lensing
153-156 F4.1 K Td ?=- Dust temperature
158-162 F5.1 K Tdmw ?=- Mass weighted dust temperature (3)
164-168 F5.1 K Tex ?=- Excitation temperature (3)
170-175 F6.3 [W/Hz] logL850py ?=- 850 micron Luminosity (log) (1)
177-181 F5.3 [W/Hz] e_logL850py ?=- Error 850micron Luminosity
183-189 F7.3 --- K850py ?=- K-correction to rest frame 850 microns
191 I1 --- SMG [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the submillimetre galaxy group
193 I1 --- MS [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the main sequence group
195 I1 --- SLUGs [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the SLUGs survey - Dunne et al,
(2000MNRAS.315..115D 2000MNRAS.315..115D)
197 I1 --- B19 [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the Bourne et al 2019 sample
199 I1 --- VALES [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the VALES survey - Hughes et al.
(2017A&A...602A..49H 2017A&A...602A..49H),
Villaneuva et al. (2017MNRAS.470.3775V 2017MNRAS.470.3775V)
201 I1 --- S16local [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the Scoville et al. (2016ApJ...820...83S 2016ApJ...820...83S,
Cat. J/ApJ/820/83) local sample (4)
203 I1 --- S16SMG [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the Scoville et al. (2016ApJ...820...83S 2016ApJ...820...83S,
Cat. J/ApJ/820/83) SMG sample
205 I1 --- V20 [0/1] Indicates whether galaxy belongs to
the Valentino et al. (2020A&A...641A.155V 2020A&A...641A.155V,
Cat. J/A+A/641/A155) sample
207-246 A40 --- OName Other name
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Note (1): A negative sign indicates an upper limit
Note (2): LCO and LCI for the Jiao et al. (2019ApJ...880..133J 2019ApJ...880..133J) sample are for
the observed CI areas. To convert to global CO and CI for this sample, need
to use this correction column
Note (3): Negative sign indicates this value is to be ignored.
Note (4): S16local CO measurements from Schruba 2013.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opt_xa.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name ID of galaxy
15- 20 F6.3 [Lsun] logLIR Total IR Luminosity
22- 26 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logLIR ?=- Error in total IR Luminosity
28- 32 F5.3 --- JCorr Correction factor applied for Jiao et
al. (2019ApJ...880..133J 2019ApJ...880..133J) sample
34- 38 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCO The CO calibration factor where
MH2=aCOxLCO
40- 44 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) e_aCO Error in the CO calibration factor
46- 50 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCOsim Simple method for estimating aCO
52- 60 E9.4 --- XCI XCI=C0/H2
62- 70 E9.4 --- e_XCI Error in Xci
72- 77 F6.3 [Msun] logMH2 Log mass of MH2
79- 83 F5.3 [Msun] e_logMH2 Error in Log mass of MH2
85- 89 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCI The CI calibration factor where
MH2=aCIxLCI
91- 96 F6.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) e_aCI Error in the CI calibration factor
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opt_xd.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name ID of galaxy
15- 20 F6.3 [Lsun] logLIR Total IR Luminosity
22- 26 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logLIR ?=- Error in total IR Luminosity
28- 33 F6.4 --- JCorr Correction factor applied for Jiao et
al. (2019ApJ...880..133J 2019ApJ...880..133J) sample
35- 40 F6.3 [W/Hz] logL850 Log 850um luminosity
42- 46 F5.3 [W/Hz] e_logL850 Error in 850um luminosity
48- 53 F6.3 [W/Hz] logLCI Log CI luminosity
55- 59 F5.3 [W/Hz] e_logLCI Error in CI luminosity
61- 69 E9.4 --- XCIsim Simple method assuming
kappaH=1884kg/m2 for the whole
sample
71- 79 E9.4 --- XCI XCI=C0/H2
81- 89 E9.4 --- e_XCI Error in XCI
91- 98 F8.3 --- GDR Gas to dust ratio
100-107 F8.3 --- e_GDR Error in the gas to dust ratio
109-114 F6.3 [Msun] logMH2 Log mass of MH2
116-120 F5.3 [Msun] e_logMH2 Error in Log mass of MH2
122-126 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCI The CI calibration factor where
MH2=aCIxLCI
128-133 F6.3 [W/Hz/Msun] asub The dust calibration factor where
MH2=a850xL850
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opt_dax.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name ID of galaxy
15- 20 F6.3 [Lsun] logLIR Total IR Luminosity
22- 27 F6.4 --- JCorr Correction factor applied for Jiao et
al. (2019ApJ...880..133J 2019ApJ...880..133J) sample
29- 33 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCO The CO calibration factor where
MH2=aCOxLCO
35- 39 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) e_aCO Error in the CO calibration factor
41- 49 E9.4 --- XCI XCI=C0/H2
51- 59 E9.4 --- e_XCI Error in Xci
61- 68 F8.3 --- GDR Gas to dust ratio
70- 77 F8.3 --- e_GDR Error in the gas to dust ratio
79- 84 F6.3 [Msun] logMH2 Log mass of MH2
86- 90 F5.3 [Msun] e_logMH2 Error in Log mass of MH2
92- 96 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCI The CI calibration factor where
MH2=aCIxLCI
98-103 F6.3 [W/Hz/Msun] a850 The dust calibration factor where
MH2=a850xL850
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opt_ad.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name ID of galaxy
16- 21 F6.3 [Lsun] logLIR Total IR Luminosity
23- 27 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logLIR ?=- Error in the total IR Luminosity
29- 34 F6.3 [Lsun] logL850 850um Luminosity
36- 40 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logL850 Error in the 850um Luminosity
42- 47 F6.3 [Lsun] logLCO The CO Luminosity
49- 53 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logLCO Error in the CO Luminosity
55- 60 F6.4 --- JCorr Correction factor applied for Jiao
et al. (2019ApJ...880..133J 2019ApJ...880..133J) sample
62- 66 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCO The CO calibration factor where
MH2=aCOxLCO
68- 72 F5.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) e_aCO Error in the CO calibration factor
74- 79 F6.3 Msun/(K.km/s/pc2) aCOsim The simple method of calculating
aCO assuming kappaH=1884kg/m^2
81- 88 F8.3 kg/m+2 kappaH The dust-H2 conversion factor,
kappaH=GDR/kappa850
90- 97 F8.3 kg/m+2 e_kappaH Error in kappaH
99-104 F6.3 [Msun] logMH2 Log mass of MH2
106-110 F5.3 [Msun] e_logMH2 Error in Log mass of MH2
112-117 F6.3 [W/Hz/Msun] loga850 The (log) dust calibration factor
where MH2=a850xL850
119-123 F5.3 [W/Hz/Msun] e_loga850 Error in the dust calibration factor
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Acknowledgements:
Haley Gomez, gomezh(at)cardiff.ac.uk
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 01-Aug-2022