J/MNRAS/520/1371 VST ATLAS galaxy cluster I detections (Ansarinejad+, 2023)
VST ATLAS galaxy cluster catalogue I: cluster detection and mass calibration.
Ansarinejad B., Murphy D., Shanks T., Metcalfe N.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 520, 1371-1389 (2023)>
=2023MNRAS.520.1371A 2023MNRAS.520.1371A (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies ; Positional data ; Photometry, SDSS ;
Optical ; Redshifts ; Galactic pole, north ; Galactic pole, south
Keywords: catalogues - galaxies: clusters: general - cosmological parameters -
large-scale structure of Universe - cosmology: observations
Abstract:
Taking advantage of ∼4700 deg2 optical coverage of the Southern sky
offered by the VST ATLAS survey, we construct a new catalogue of
photometrically selected galaxy groups and clusters using the orca
cluster detection algorithm. The catalogue contains ∼22 000 detections
with N200 > 10 and ∼9000 with N200 > 20. We estimate the photometric
redshifts of the clusters using machine learning and find the redshift
distribution of the sample to extend to z ∼ 0.7, peaking at z ∼ 0.25.
We calibrate the ATLAS cluster mass-richness scaling relation using
masses from the MCXC, Planck, ACT DR5, and SDSS redMaPPer cluster
samples. We estimate the ATLAS sample to be > 95 per cent complete and
> 85 per cent pure at z < 0.35 and in the
M200m > 1 * 1014 h-1 M☉ mass range. At z < 0.35, we also
find the ATLAS sample to be more complete than redMaPPer, recovering
a ∼ 40 per cent higher fraction of Abell clusters. This higher sample
completeness places the amplitude of the z < 0.35 ATLAS cluster mass
function closer to the predictions of a LCDM model with parameters
based on the Planck CMB analyses, compared to the mass functions of
the other cluster samples. However, strong tensions between the
observed ATLAS mass functions and models remain. We shall present a
detailed cosmological analysis of the ATLAS cluster mass functions in
paper II. In the future, optical counterparts to X-ray-detected
eROSITA clusters can be identified using the ATLAS sample. The
catalogue is also well suited for auxiliary spectroscopic target
selection in 4MOST. The ATLAS cluster catalogue is publicly available
at http://astro.dur.ac.uk/cosmology/vstatlas/cluster_catalogue/.
Description:
Our aim is to study galaxy clusters and their galaxies with VST ATLAS
from Shanks et al. (2015MNRAS.451.4238S 2015MNRAS.451.4238S, Cat. II/350) using the
optical imaging in ugriz bands to similar depths as SDSS in NGC and
SGC. The ATLAS coverage area is overlapped by the DES, DESI, KiDS,
eROSITA surveys. In the future, the 4MOST, Euclid, LSST surveys will
also provide multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopic coverage of the
VST ATLAS survey area, (i.e. see section Introduction).
As explained in section 2, based on the ATLAS DR4 data, we produce a
band-merged griz catalogue using a pipeline developed with the STILTS
framework. We use the ATLAS Aperture flux 5 which have a radius of 2
arcsec and we apply the associated aperture correction labelled as
APCOR in the CASU catalogue. We then correct all magnitudes for
Galactic dust extinction Ax = CxE(B-V) with x representing a
filter (griz), taking the SDSS Cx values presented in Schneider et
al. (2007AJ....134..102S 2007AJ....134..102S, Cat. VII/252, 3.793, 2.751, 2.086, and 1.479
for griz, respectively) and using the Planck E(B-V) map (Planck
Collaboration XVI 2014A&A...571A..11P 2014A&A...571A..11P). In order to isolate galaxies
from stars in the ATLAS data, we use the default morphological
classifications supplied in CASU catalogues. Finally after multiple
selection criteria on magnitudes, the ORCA input catalogues
contain ∼8740000 galaxies in the SGC and ∼7825000 in the NGC
of the survey.
Next, as described in section 4, we create the ATLAS clusters
catalogue with ORCA. The algorithm detects the red sequence in pairs
of adjacent bands or colours (in our case g-r, r-i, or i-z, details of
orca in Murphy et al. 2012MNRAS.420.1861M 2012MNRAS.420.1861M). Also, we estimated
photometric redshift for the VST ATLAS cluster members with machine
learning ANNZ2 algorithm trained with a sample of galaxies with
measured redshifts which overlap the VST ATLAS survey area (see
section 3.2). After the cluster similarity work in section 3.3, we
computed cluster quantities (Rcluster, Ngal, N1Mpc, R200,
N200 ± σ, M200m ±σ) as described in the end of
section 3. Galaxy photometry and cluster associations are presented in
galaxies.dat for 436580 sources. Clusters quantities, redshifts and
central positions are in clusters.dat for 39914 sources.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
clusters.dat 233 39914 The VST ATLAS cluster sample detected with ORCA
"Overdense Red-sequence Cluster Algorithm"
galaxies.dat 198 436580 The VST ATLAS cluster galaxies members sample
detected with ORCA algorithm
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See also:
J/MNRAS/452/2087 : Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): DR2 (Liske+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/432/62 : PS1 MDS X-ray selected galaxy clusters (Ebeling+, 2013)
J/ApJ/878/55 : SPT-SZ clusters with optical & X-ray data (Bocquet+, 2019)
J/ApJ/785/104 : redMaPPer. I. Algorithm applied to SDSS DR8 (Rykoff+, 2014)
J/ApJ/763/127 : Galaxy clusters discovered in the SPT survey
(Reichardt+, 2013)
J/ApJ/660/239 : MaxBCG catalog of 13823 galaxy clusters from SDSS
(Koester+, 2007)
J/A+A/598/A107 : Candidate galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR2 (Radovich+, 2017)
J/A+A/594/A27 : Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources (PSZ2) (Planck+, 2016)
J/ApJ/569/720 : Mass-to-light ratio of galaxy systems (Girardi+, 2002)
J/A+A/536/A8 : Planck early results. VIII. ESZ sample. (Planck+, 2011)
J/A+A/534/A109 : MCXC Meta-Catalogue X-ray galaxy Clusters (Piffaretti+,2011)
J/ApJS/253/3 : Sunyaev-Zel'dovich galaxy clusters surveyed by ACT
(Hilton+, 2021)
J/ApJS/224/1 : redMaPPer cluster catalog from DES data (Rykoff+, 2016)
J/ApJS/216/27 : Galaxy clusters discovered in the SPT-SZ survey
(Bleem+, 2015)
J/ApJS/191/254 : GMBCG galaxy cluster catalog from SDSS DR7 (Hao+, 2010)
J/AJ/128/1078 : Cluster and Infall Region Nearby Survey. II (Rines+, 2004)
VIII/91 : Planck Catalog of Compact Sources Release 1 (Planck, 2013)
VII/252 : SDSS-DR5 quasar catalog (Schneider+, 2007)
V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)
II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)
II/350 : VLT Survey Telescope ATLAS (Shanks+, 2015)
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: clusters.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 20 A20 --- Cluster A unique cluster identification number
assigned by the ORCA (clusterID)
22- 40 F19.15 deg RAdeg Right ascension of the cluster centre as
mean RA of cluster members (J2000) (RA)
42- 59 F18.14 deg DEdeg Declination of the cluster centre mean
Dec of cluster members (J2000) (DEC)
61- 77 F17.15 --- zph Error-weighted mean photometric redshift
of the cluster (Photoz)
79- 95 F17.15 --- e_zph Standard Error on the mean cluster
photometric redshift (Photoz_err)
97- 99 I3 --- Ngal The number of cluster galaxies detected
by ORCA (ORCA_Ngal)
101-118 F18.15 arcmin Rorca The projected radius of the ORCA cluster
defined as the angular separation between
the cluster centre and furthest cluster
galaxy (R_ORCA)
120-137 F18.14 --- N1Mpc The number of cluster galaxies detected
by ORCA within a radius of [1/h]Mpc from
the cluster center, this number is scaled
by n(z) as eq 3 of the sect 3.5 (N_1Mpc)
139-155 F17.14 arcmin R200 The radius from the cluster centre
within which the density is 200 times
the mean density of the Universe given
by eq 2 of the sect 3.4 (R_200)
157-174 F18.14 --- N200 The number of cluster galaxies within a
radius of R200 from cluster centre, this
number is scaled by n(z) as eq 3 of
sect 3.5 (N_200)
176-194 F19.14 --- e_N200 The error on N200 given by eq 4 of
sect 3.5 (N200err)
196-212 F17.14 10+14Msun M200m The cluster mass enclosed within a radius
of R200 from the cluster centre given by
eq 5 of sect 3.6 (M200m) (1)
214-233 F20.15 10+14Msun e_M200m The uncertainty on the M200m cluster
mass given by eq 6 of sect 3.6
(M200merr)
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Note (1): The original unit is (10+14Msun/h unit with h=H/100,
H0=67.74 km/s/Mpc). The cluster masses in our catalogue are measured
with respect to the mean density of the Universe often represented
using the symbol M200m in literature.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: galaxies.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 20 A20 --- Cluster A unique cluster identification number
assigned by the ORCA (clusterID)
22- 28 I7 --- Galaxy ?=-2147483648 A unique object identification
number assigned to each cluster galaxy by the
orca cluster detection algorithm (ObjID)
30- 48 F19.15 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of the cluster member (J2000)
(RA)
50- 67 F18.14 deg DEdeg Declination of the cluster member (J2000) (DEC)
69- 84 F16.13 mag gmag ? VST ATLAS g-band Aperture 5 magnitude in the
AB system with aperture radius of 2 arcsec
(g_mag)
86-101 F16.13 mag rmag ? VST ATLAS r-band Aperture 5 magnitude in the
AB system with aperture radius of 2 arcsec
(r_mag)
103-118 F16.13 mag imag ? VST ATLAS i-band Aperture 5 magnitude in the
AB system with aperture radius of 2 arcsec
(i_mag)
120-135 F16.13 mag zmag ? VST ATLAS z-band Aperture 5 magnitude in the
AB system with aperture radius of 2 arcsec
(z_mag)
137-152 F16.13 mag W1mag ? The unWISE W1 magnitude in the AB system
(W1_mag)
154-169 F16.13 mag W2mag ? The unWISE W2 magnitude in the AB system
(W2_mag)
171-183 F13.11 --- zph Cluster galaxy photometric redshift as
determined by ANNZ2 machine learning algorithm
as explained in section 3.2 (Photoz)
185-198 F14.12 --- e_zph Error on cluster galaxy photometric redshift
as determined by ANNZ2 (Photoz_err)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0 [see https://spdx.org/licenses/]
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 09-Mar-2026