J/MNRAS/521/5272 Properties and asymmetries of QSOs host galaxies (Tang+, 2023)
Morphological asymmetries of quasar host galaxies with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam.
Tang S., Silverman J.D., Yesuf H.M., Ding X., Li J., Bottrell C.,
Goulding A., Omori K.C., Toba Y., Kawaguchi T.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 521, 5272-5297 (2023)>
=2023MNRAS.521.5272T 2023MNRAS.521.5272T (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies ; QSOs ; Active gal. nuclei ; Positional data ;
Redshifts ; Stars, masses ; Black holes ; Morphology ;
Photometry ; Spectroscopy ; Optical ; Infrared
Keywords: methods: observational - methods: statistical - galaxies: active -
galaxies: evolution - galaxies: interactions
quasars: supermassive black holes
Abstract:
How does the host galaxy morphology influence a central quasar or vice
versa? We address this question by measuring the asymmetries of 2424
SDSS quasar hosts at 0.2 < z < 0.8 using broad-band (grizy) images
from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Control galaxies
(without quasars) are selected by matching the redshifts and stellar
masses of the quasar hosts. A two-step pipeline is run to decompose
the PSF and Sersic components and then measure asymmetry indices
(ACAS, Aouter, and Ashape) of each quasar host and control galaxy. We
find a mild correlation between host asymmetry and AGN bolometric
luminosity (Lbol) for the full sample (spearman correlation of 0.37)
while a stronger trend is evident at the highest luminosities
(Lbol>45). This then manifests itself into quasar hosts being more
asymmetric, on average, when they harbour a more massive and highly
accreting black hole. The merger fraction also positively correlates
with Lbol and reaches up to 35 per cent for the most luminous.
Compared to control galaxies, quasar hosts are marginally more
asymmetric (excess of 0.017 in median at 9.4σ level) and the
merger fractions are similar (∼16.5 per cent). We quantify the
dependence of asymmetry on optical band that demonstrates that mergers
are more likely to be identified with the bluer bands and the
correlation between Lbol and asymmetry is also stronger in such bands.
We stress that the band dependence, indicative of a changing stellar
population, is an important factor in considering the influence of
mergers on AGN activity.
Description:
Measurements of morphology and structural parameters of type-1 quasar
hosts are hampered due to the central bright point source. However,
these measurements are essential to understand the role that
supermassive black holes (SMBHs) play in galaxy evolution. It is
suggested that the merger of galaxies may drive gas inflow onto the
central SMBH, thus igniting a luminous quasar and at the same time,
build up the tight correlations between the black hole (BH) mass and
stellar velocity dispersion and bulge mass. In this scenario, it is
expected that AGNs show more disturbed features than inactive
galaxies. In this study, we consider the properties of the stellar
population of AGN host galaxies. We measure the asymmetry indices from
five broad-band images, which allows us to compare asymmetry as a
function of wavelength that differs due to the contributions from
different stellar populations. In addition, we study correlations
between physical properties of our quasars and asymmetries. Such
correlations could be triggered by the dependence of merger fractions
on those properties as mentioned above. Here, we use 2424 SDSS Type-1
quasars at 0.2 < z < 0.8 selected from the DR14 QSO catalog of (Paris
et al. 2018A&A...613A..51P 2018A&A...613A..51P, Cat. VII/286) with measured properties
(sizes, Sersic indices) of their quasar hosts from Li et al.
(2021ApJ...918...22L 2021ApJ...918...22L) based on Subaru imaging from the HSC-SSP.
High-quality optical imaging enables parametric morphological
decompositions to be more accurate and improve measurements of galaxy
asymmetries. The wide coverage of HSC-SSP allows us to build the
largest statistical sample of Type-1 quasar hosts for non-parametric
asymmetry measurements. A common practice in previous works is to
measure quasar host asymmetry using the galfit package to decompose
the quasar image and remove the point source. Then the asymmetry is
calculated on the pure quasar host image. In this work, we follow this
routine, while making use of a more recently developed decomposition
tool galight and morphology measurement tool statmorph. The our Type-1
QSOs from SDSS dr14Q were cross-matched with HSC-SSP PDR2. As
explicited section 2, we used mothology fully explained in section 3
to compute asymmetry measurements quantities for our 2424 quasars.
Results are presented in table2.dat with also derived physical
properties expressed in equations of section 2 and from Li et al.
(2021ApJ...918...22L 2021ApJ...918...22L) as (redshift, astrometric, host photometry,
sersic indices, types).
Next, we construct a control galaxies are selected from
Kawinwanichakij et al. (2021ApJ...921...38K 2021ApJ...921...38K) which includes ∼1.8
million galaxies in HSC PDR2 footprints with single Sersic fits. These
images are controlled by criteria on HSC-SSP parameters as described
in section 2.2. To exclude AGNs in this sample we matched sources with
Milliquas catalog of Flesch et al. (2023OJAp....6E..49F 2023OJAp....6E..49F, Cat. VII/294)
includes 1.4 million type-1/type-2 quasars selected from radio,
optical, and X-ray surveys, and the HSC quasar catalog, which is based
on HSC broad-band colour selections. Stellar mass and photo-z of these
galaxies are computed with code mizuki (fit with SPS). Based on these
measurements, we apply the KD-Tree method to select control galaxies
matching our quasars in redshift and stellar mass. We allow duplicated
selection of galaxies, such galaxies are counted multiple times in our
results. In total, 7060 galaxies are selected, with 212 duplicates as
exposed in table3.dat which also contained asymmetry measurements
quantities similarly to table2.dat.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 680 2424 *Astrometry, photometry, physical properties and
asymmetry measurements for quasar hosts
table3.dat 551 7272 *Astrometry, photometry, physical properties and
asymmetry measurements for control galaxies
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table2.dat: To the first from the 35th column of the entire catalog
included the physical parameters of the quasars. We refer the readers to
Table 1 of Li et al. (2021ApJ...918...22L 2021ApJ...918...22L) for the meaning of those lines.
Note on table3.dat: To the first from the eigth column of the entire catalog,
we include the photo-z and stellar mass measurements from Kawinwanichakij et
al. (2021ApJ...921...38K 2021ApJ...921...38K).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJ/925/70 : Morphological asymmetry of massive low-z galaxies
(Zhao+, 2022)
J/ApJ/919/134 : SDSS shocked post-starburst gal. with HST obs.
(Sazonova+, 2021)
J/ApJ/883/175 : First release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar)
(Yan+, 2019)
J/ApJ/859/116 : BH masses and Eddington ratios of Type 2 QSOs (Kong+, 2018)
J/ApJ/850/74 : Swift/BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. I. (Koss+, 2017)
J/ApJ/804/34 : Luminous AGNs and early-type SDSS galaxies (Hong+, 2015)
J/ApJ/691/705 : AGN host galaxy morphologies in COSMOS (Gabor+, 2009)
J/A+A/622/A103 : Python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (Boquien+, 2019)
J/A+A/602/A123 : AGN vs. host galaxy properties in COSMOS field
(Lanzuisi+, 2017)
J/A+A/562/A23 : VIMOS Public Extragalactic Survey (VIPERS) DR1
(Garilli+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/486/390 : Morphology of 16908 SDSS Stripe 82 galaxies (Bottrell+,2019)
J/MNRAS/470/755 : Galaxy mergers and AGN activity (Hewlett+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/464/3882 : Mergers and galaxy-galaxy interactions (Weston+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/455/4191 : Radio emission from radio-quiet quasars (Zakamska+, 2016)
J/ApJS/256/40 : HST imaging survey of low-z Swift-BAT AGNs (Kim+, 2021)
J/ApJS/249/17 : SDSS QSO DR14 spectral properties (Rakshit+, 2020)
J/ApJS/206/10 : CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Galametz+, 2013)
J/ApJS/184/218 : The zCOSMOS 10k-bright spectroscopic sample (Lilly+, 2009)
J/ApJS/166/470 : SDSS-Spitzer type I QSOs IR photometry (Richards+, 2006)
J/AJ/148/137 : Merging galaxies in COSMOS to z∼1 (Lackner+, 2014)
J/ApJS/147/1 : Classification of nearby galaxies (Conselice+, 2003)
J/AJ/128/163 : Galaxy morphological classification (Lotz+, 2004)
VII/286 : SDSS quasar catalog, fourteenth data release (Paris+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- Name Unique identifier from the SDSS DR14 quasar
catalog (name)
20- 30 F11.7 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (RA)
32- 42 E11.8 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (DEC)
44- 48 F5.3 --- z Redshift from the SDSS DR14 quasar catalog
(z)
50- 55 F6.3 mag Hostgmag Decomposed host galaxy magnitude in g band
(host_gmag)
57- 62 F6.3 mag Hostrmag Decomposed host galaxy magnitude in r band
(host_rmag)
64- 69 F6.3 mag Hostimag Decomposed host galaxy magnitude in i band
(host_imag)
71- 76 F6.3 mag Hostzmag Decomposed host galaxy magnitude in z band
(host_zmag)
78- 83 F6.3 mag Hostymag Decomposed host galaxy magnitude in y band
(host_ymag)
85- 90 F6.3 mag PSgmag Decomposed point-source magnitude in g band
(ps_gmag)
92- 97 F6.3 mag PSrmag Decomposed point-source magnitude in r band
(ps_rmag)
99-104 F6.3 mag PSimag Decomposed point-source magnitude in i band
(ps_imag)
106-111 F6.3 mag PSzmag Decomposed point-source magnitude in z band
(ps_zmag)
113-118 F6.3 mag PSymag Decomposed point-source magnitude in y band
(ps_ymag)
120-125 F6.3 --- Fgalg Host-to-total flux ratio in g band (fgal_g)
127-131 F5.3 --- Fgalr Host-to-total flux ratio in r band (fgal_r)
133-137 F5.3 --- Fgali Host-to-total flux ratio in i band (fgal_i)
139-143 F5.3 --- Fgalz Host-to-total flux ratio in z band (fgal_z)
145-149 F5.3 --- Fgaly Host-to-total flux ratio in y band (fgal_y)
151-155 F5.3 --- SersN Sersic index in the i band no correction
applied (sersic_n)
157-161 F5.3 arcsec SersR Sersic radius in the i band no correction
applied (sersic_R)
163-167 F5.3 --- Ell Ellipticity in the i band no correction
applied (ellp)
169-174 F6.3 --- SersicNc Sersic index in the i band with correction
applied (PA)
176-180 F5.3 --- SersicRc Sersic radius in the i band with correction
applied (sersicnc)
182-186 F5.3 --- Ellc Ellipticity in the i band with correction
applied (sersicRc)
188-193 F6.3 deg PA [] Position angle in radians in the i band
from east to north (ellp_c)
195-200 F6.3 [Msun] logM Logarithm of stellar mass measured from
CIAGALE fitting (log_m)
202-206 F5.3 [Msun] e_logM The 1σ uncertainty of logM (logmerr)
208-209 A2 --- HostType Type "SF" for star-forming and "QS" for
quiescent host galaxies (host_type)
211-214 F4.2 mag U-V Rest-frame U-V color from CIGALE
(rest_color)
216-226 A11 --- Orig The origin of the source selection survey
(bit)
228-237 F10.5 [Msun] logMBH ?=-999 The BH mass in logarithm solar mass
measured from the single epoch virial
method as described in eq. 1 of section 2.1
(log_mbh)
239-250 F12.7 [Msun] e_logMBH ?=-999 The 1 sigma uncertainty of logMBH
(logmbherr)
252-260 F9.4 [10-7W] logLbol Logarithm bolometric luminosity measured
from monochromatic luminosity at rest-frame
5100 Å as expressed in eq. 2 of sect. 2.1
(log_lbol)
262-274 F13.8 [10-7W] logREdd ?=-999 Logarithm Eddington ratio as in in
eq. 3 of sect. 2.1 (log_Redd)
276-282 F7.3 --- SersAg ? CAS asymmetry value in g band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAg) (1)
284-290 F7.3 --- SersAr ? CAS asymmetry value in r band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAr) (1)
292-298 F7.3 --- SersAi ? CAS asymmetry value in i band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAi) (1)
300-305 F6.3 --- SersAz ? CAS asymmetry value in z band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAz) (1)
307-312 F6.3 --- SersAy ? CAS asymmetry value in y band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAy) (1)
314-320 F7.3 --- SersOAg ? Outer asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAg)
322-328 F7.3 --- SersOAr ? Outer asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAr)
330-335 F6.3 --- SersOAi ? Outer asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAi)
337-342 F6.3 --- SersOAz ? Outer asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAz)
344-349 F6.3 --- SersOAy ? Outer asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAy)
351-357 F7.3 --- SersSAg ? Shape asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAg)
359-365 F7.3 --- SersSAr ? Shape asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAr)
367-371 F5.3 --- SersSAi ? Shape asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAi)
373-377 F5.3 --- SersSAz ? Shape asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAz)
379-383 F5.3 --- SersSAy ? Shape asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAy)
385-391 F7.3 --- SersSNRg ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in g band measurement for host
+ component frames (sersics2ng)
393-399 F7.3 --- SersSNRr ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in r band measurement for host
+ component frames (sersics2nr)
401-407 F7.3 --- SersSNRi ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in i band measurement for host
+ component frames (sersics2ni)
409-415 F7.3 --- SersSNRz ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in z band measurement for host
+ component frames (sersics2nz)
417-423 F7.3 --- SersSNRy ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in y band measurement for host
+ component frames (sersics2ny)
425-430 F6.2 --- SersRESg ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in g band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresg)
432-437 F6.2 --- SersRESr ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in r band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresr)
439-442 F4.2 --- SersRESi ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in i band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresi)
444-447 F4.2 --- SersRESz ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in z band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresz)
449-452 F4.2 --- SersRESy ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in y band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresy)
454 I1 --- SersFg ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in g
band measurement for host + component
frames (sersicflagg)
456 I1 --- SersFr ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in r
band measurement for host + component
frames (sersicflagr)
458 I1 --- SersFi ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in g
band measurement for host + component
frames (sersicflagi)
460 I1 --- SersFz ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in z
band measurement for host + component
frames (sersicflagz)
462 I1 --- SersFy ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in y
band measurement for host + component
frames (sersicflagy)
464-470 F7.3 --- HostAg ? CAS asymmetry value in g band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAg) (1)
472-478 F7.3 --- HostAr ? CAS asymmetry value in r band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAr) (1)
480-486 F7.3 --- HostAi ? CAS asymmetry value in i band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAi) (1)
488-493 F6.3 --- HostAz ? CAS asymmetry value in z band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAz) (1)
495-500 F6.3 --- HostAy ? CAS asymmetry value in y band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAy) (1)
502-508 F7.3 --- HostOAg ? Outer asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAg)
510-516 F7.3 --- HostOAr ? Outer asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAr)
518-523 F6.3 --- HostOAi ? Outer asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAi)
525-530 F6.3 --- HostOAz ? Outer asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAz)
532-537 F6.3 --- HostOAy ? Outer asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAy)
539-545 F7.3 --- HostSAg ? Shape asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAg)
547-553 F7.3 --- HostSAr ? Shape asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAr)
555-559 F5.3 --- HostSAi ? Shape asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAi)
561-565 F5.3 --- HostSAz ? Shape asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAz)
567-571 F5.3 --- HostSAy ? Shape asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAy)
573-579 F7.3 --- HostSNRg ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in g band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2ng)
581-587 F7.3 --- HostSNRr ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in r band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2nr)
589-595 F7.3 --- HostSNRi ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in i band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2ni)
597-603 F7.3 --- HostSNRz ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in z band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2nz)
605-611 F7.3 --- HostSNRy ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in y band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2ny)
613-618 F6.2 --- HostRESg ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in g band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresg)
620-625 F6.2 --- HostRESr ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in r band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresr)
627-630 F4.2 --- HostRESi ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in i band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresi)
632-635 F4.2 --- HostRESz ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in z band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresz)
637-640 F4.2 --- HostRESy ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured
by statmorph in y band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresy)
642 I1 --- HostFg ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in g
band measurement for host galaxy only
frames (hostflagg)
644 I1 --- HostFr ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in r
band measurement for host galaxy only
frames (hostflagr)
646 I1 --- HostFi ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in i
band measurement for host galaxy only
frames (hostflagi)
648 I1 --- HostFz ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in z
band measurement for host galaxy only
frames (hostflagz)
650 I1 --- HostFy ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in y
band measurement for host galaxy only
frames (hostflagy)
652-656 F5.3 --- Skyg The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in g band
measurement (skyAg)
658-662 F5.3 --- Skyr The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in r band
measurement (skyAr)
664-668 F5.3 --- Skyi The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in i band
measurement (skyAi)
670-674 F5.3 --- Skyz The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in z band
measurement (skyAz)
676-680 F5.3 --- Skyy The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in y band
measurement (skyAy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The concentration, asymmetry, and smoothness (CAS) system is a
commonly used non-parametric means to characterize the structure of
galaxies (Conselice 2014ARA&A..52..291C 2014ARA&A..52..291C).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 I17 --- Name Unique identifier from the SDSS DR14 quasar
catalog (name)
19- 36 F18.14 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (ra)
38- 59 E22.19 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (dec)
61- 71 F11.9 --- b_zph The 1 σ lower bound of the galaxy from
Mizuki template-fitting code
(photozerr68min)
73- 76 F4.2 --- zph The photo z measurement of the galaxy from
Mizuki template-fitting code (photoz_best)
78- 87 F10.8 --- B_zph The 1 sigma upper bound of the galaxy from
Mizuki template-fitting code
(photozerr68max)
89- 97 E9.5 [Msun] logM Logarithm of stellar mass measured in Mizuki
template-fitting code (stellar_mass)
99-116 F18.16 mag U-V Rest-frame U-V color from Mizuki
template-fitting code (rest_color)
118-124 F7.3 --- SersAg ? CAS asymmetry value in g band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAg) (1)
126-132 F7.3 --- SersAr ? CAS asymmetry value in r band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAr) (1)
134-140 F7.3 --- SersAi ? CAS asymmetry value in i band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAi) (1)
142-148 F7.3 --- SersAz ? CAS asymmetry value in z band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAz) (1)
150-156 F7.3 --- SersAy ? CAS asymmetry value in y band measurement
for host + component frames (sersicAy) (1)
158-164 F7.3 --- SersOAg ? Outer asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAg)
166-172 F7.3 --- SersOAr ? Outer asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAr)
174-179 F6.3 --- SersOAi ? Outer asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAi)
181-187 F7.3 --- SersOAz ? Outer asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAz)
189-195 F7.3 --- SersOAy ? Outer asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicoAy)
197-203 F7.3 --- SersSAg ? Shape asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAg)
205-211 F7.3 --- SersSAr ? Shape asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAr)
213-217 F5.3 --- SersSAi ? Shape asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAi)
219-225 F7.3 --- SersSAz ? Shape asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAz)
227-233 F7.3 --- SersSAy ? Shape asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicsAy)
235-241 F7.3 --- SersSNRg ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in g band measurement for host +
component frames (sersics2ng)
243-249 F7.3 --- SersSNRr ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in r band measurement for host +
component frames (sersics2nr)
251-257 F7.3 --- SersSNRi ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in i band measurement for host +
component frames (sersics2ni)
259-265 F7.3 --- SersSNRz ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in z band measurement for host +
component frames (sersics2nz)
267-273 F7.3 --- SersSNRy ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in y band measurement for host +
component frames (sersics2ny)
275-279 F5.2 --- SersRESg ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in g band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresg)
281-285 F5.2 --- SersRESr ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in r band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresr)
287-291 F5.2 --- SersRESi ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in i band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresi)
293-297 F5.2 --- SersRESz ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in z band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresz)
299-303 F5.2 --- SersRESy ? Resolution of the galaxy estimated with
half-light radius and FWHM in y band
measurement for host + component frames
(sersicresy)
305-307 F3.1 --- SersFg ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in g
band measurement for host + component frames
(sersicflagg)
309-311 F3.1 --- SersFr ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in r
band measurement for host + component frames
(sersicflagr)
313-315 F3.1 --- SersFi ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in g
band measurement for host + component frames
(sersicflagi)
317-319 F3.1 --- SersFz ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in z
band measurement for host + component frames
(sersicflagz)
321-323 F3.1 --- SersFy ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in y
band measurement for host + component frames
(sersicflagy)
325-331 F7.3 --- HostAg ? CAS asymmetry value in g band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAg) (1)
333-339 F7.3 --- HostAr ? CAS asymmetry value in r band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAr) (1)
341-346 F6.3 --- HostAi ? CAS asymmetry value in i band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAi) (1)
348-354 F7.3 --- HostAz ? CAS asymmetry value in z band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAz) (1)
356-362 F7.3 --- HostAy ? CAS asymmetry value in y band measurement
for host galaxy only frames (hostAy) (1)
364-370 F7.3 --- HostOAg ? Outer asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAg)
372-377 F6.3 --- HostOAr ? Outer asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAr)
379-384 F6.3 --- HostOAi ? Outer asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAi)
386-391 F6.3 --- HostOAz ? Outer asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAz)
393-399 F7.3 --- HostOAy ? Outer asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostoAy)
401-407 F7.3 --- HostSAg ? Shape asymmetry value in g band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAg)
409-413 F5.3 --- HostSAr ? Shape asymmetry value in r band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAr)
415-419 F5.3 --- HostSAi ? Shape asymmetry value in i band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAi)
421-425 F5.3 --- HostSAz ? Shape asymmetry value in z band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAz)
427-433 F7.3 --- HostSAy ? Shape asymmetry value in y band
measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostsAy)
435-441 F7.3 --- HostSNRg ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in g band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2ng)
443-449 F7.3 --- HostSNRr ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in r band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2nr)
451-457 F7.3 --- HostSNRi ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in i band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2ni)
459-465 F7.3 --- HostSNRz ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in z band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2nz)
467-473 F7.3 --- HostSNRy ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in y band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hosts2ny)
475-479 F5.2 --- HostRESg ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in g band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresg)
481-484 F4.2 --- HostRESr ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in r band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresr)
486-490 F5.2 --- HostRESi ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in i band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresi)
492-496 F5.2 --- HostRESz ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in z band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresz)
498-501 F4.2 --- HostRESy ? SNR per pixel of host galaxies measured by
statmorph in y band measurement for host
galaxy only frames (hostresy)
503-505 F3.1 --- HostFg ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in g
band measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostflagg)
507-509 F3.1 --- HostFr ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in r
band measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostflagr)
511-513 F3.1 --- HostFi ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in i
band measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostflagi)
515-517 F3.1 --- HostFz ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in z
band measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostflagz)
519-521 F3.1 --- HostFy ? Flag stands for the statmorph flag 0 as
good/reliable and 1 as bad/unreliable in y
band measurement for host galaxy only frames
(hostflagy)
523-527 F5.3 --- Skyg ? The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in g band
measurement (skyAg)
529-533 F5.3 --- Skyr ? The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in r band
measurement (skyAr)
535-539 F5.3 --- Skyi ? The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in i band
measurement (skyAi)
541-545 F5.3 --- Skyz ? The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in z band
measurement (skyAz)
547-551 F5.3 --- Skyy ? The sky background asymmetry Abkg
suppressed by a factor of 1.2 in y band
measurement (skyAy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The concentration, asymmetry, and smoothness (CAS) system is a
commonly used non-parametric means to characterize the structure of
galaxies (Conselice 2014ARA&A..52..291C 2014ARA&A..52..291C).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 08-Jun-2026