J/MNRAS/521/5927 SB1s properties from GaiaDR3/TESS/ASAS-SN (Jayasinghe+, 2023)
A search for compact object companions to high mass function single-lined
spectroscopic binaries in Gaia DR3.
Jayasinghe T., Rowan D.M., Thompson T.A., Kochanek C.S., Stanek K.Z.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 521, 5927-5939 (2023)>
=2023MNRAS.521.5927J 2023MNRAS.521.5927J (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, spectroscopic ; Binaries, eclipsing ; Black holes ;
Stars, variable ; Stars, double and multiple ; Spectroscopy ;
Photometry ; Optical ; Infrared ; Cross identifications ;
Combined data ; Positional data ; Parallaxes, trigonometric ;
Radial velocities ; Photometry, classification ; Extinction
Keywords: binaries: spectroscopic - stars: black holes
Abstract:
Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) provides >181000 radial velocity (RV)
solutions for single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1s) that can be
used to search for non-interacting compact object + star binary
candidates by selecting systems with large mass functions. We selected
234 such systems and identified 115 systems with good RV solutions in
DR3. We used light curves from the All-Sky Automated Survey for
SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
(TESS) to identify and remove 31 eclipsing binaries to produce a
catalogue of 80 compact object + star candidates, including 38
ellipsoidal variables. The positions of these candidates on Gaia and
Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs)
suggest that many of these systems are binaries with luminous
companions. We compared the periods and eccentricities of detached
eclipsing binaries in Gaia DR3 and ASAS-SN, and found that ∼11 per
cent and ∼60 per cent of the binaries had different periods and
eccentricities. We also compared RV solutions for 311 binaries in both
Gaia DR3 and the Ninth Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (SB9),
and found similar results. We do not identify any strong candidates
for non-interacting compact object + star binaries.
Description:
In this work, we use astrometric and spectroscopic data from Gaia DR3
to search for non-interacting compact object candidates (e.g. Shahaf
et al. 2023MNRAS.518.2991S 2023MNRAS.518.2991S, Cat. J/MNRAS/518/2991). Gaia DR3 NSS (Gaia
collaboration 2023A&A...674A..34G 2023A&A...674A..34G, Cat. I/357) provides a catalogue of
181529 single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1s). However, it only
provides the orbital solutions and the individual RV measurements will
only be released in Gaia DR4. None the less, these SB1 RV solutions
are a useful starting point to search for non-interacting compact
object + star binaries in the Milky Way. We select high mass function
binaries from the Gaia DR3 SB1 catalogue and vetting process in our
section 2. Also, we compare the RV solutions for binaries in common
between Gaia DR3 and the Rowan et al. (2022MNRAS.517.2190R 2022MNRAS.517.2190R, Cat.
J/MNRAS/517/2190) catalogue of detached ASAS-SN eclipsing binaries or
the SB9 catalog of spectroscopic binary orbits of Pourbaix et al.
(2004A&A...424..727P 2004A&A...424..727P, Cat. B/sb9).
We select candidate compact object + star SB1 systems from Gaia DR3
based on their mass function f(M) as expressed in equation 1 of the
section. If yields that SB1 systems with high mass functions are good
non-interacting compact object binary candidates. The best candidates
for non-interacting BH binaries are those with f(M) > 3 M☉, as
the minimum mass exceeds the maximum mass of a neutron star. We
selected any system with f(M) > 1.5 M☉ and main-sequence systems
with f(M) > 0.5 M☉. The limit of f(M) > 1.5 M☉ is to focus
on neutron star and BH candidates. We use a higher threshold for the
evolved stars because it is very difficult to estimate the stellar
masses of evolved stars, while it is relatively easy to do so for
main-sequence stars. This yields 234 systems before any cuts on the
significance.
In figure 1 of section 2, we exposed distribution of the Gaia DR3 SB1
systems in orbital period, f(M), eccentricity, and the significance
(S) of the RV solution. Next as discussed in section 2.2, we process
to vettings to identify false positives for compact object-stellar
binary systems. We therefore utilized ASAS-SN V-and g-band catalogues
(Jayasinghe et al. 2018MNRAS.477.3145J 2018MNRAS.477.3145J, Cat. II/366 and Christy et al.
2023MNRAS.519.5271C 2023MNRAS.519.5271C, Cat. J/MNRAS/519/5271) and TESS (Ricker et al.
2015JATIS...1a4003R 2015JATIS...1a4003R). We identify EBs and systems where the Gaia
period is inconsistent with the photometric variable period and also
identify targets with already defined variability types. After the
vetting analysis in remains 80 candidates. While some of these may
represent good targets for spectroscopic follow-up to identify
non-interacting compact objects, further analysis of the spectral
energy distributions and their positions on the CMD should be used to
search for signs of a luminous companion and identify the best
candidates for follow-up observations.
Full sample of the 234 SB1s targets is presented in table.dat where we
provide GaiaDR3 astrometry and photometry values, variability
parameters from Gaia NSS and ASAS-SN V/g bands, mass functions and
significances, 2MASS magnitudes and computed dust extinctions with the
mwdust, several selection and vetting flags/remarks.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table.dat 802 234 Single-lined spectroscopic binaries SB1s used
to search for non-interacting
compact object + star binary candidates
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See also:
J/MNRAS/519/5271 : New ASAS-SN variable stars using g band lcs (Christy+, 2023)
J/MNRAS/518/2991 : Study of Gaia binaries with compact companions
(Shahaf+, 2023)
J/MNRAS/517/2190 : Physical properties of ∼30000 ASAS-SN EBs (Rowan+, 2022)
J/MNRAS/507/104 : Ellipsoidal variables in ASAS-SN catalog (Rowan+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/506/150 : The GALAH+ Survey DR3 (Buder+, 2021)
J/A+A/639/L6 : HERMES spectra of LS V +22 25 (Shenar+, 2020)
J/A+A/632/A3 : MUSE binaries in NGC 3201 (Giesers+, 2019)
J/A+A/455/1165 : Catalogue of Galactic high-mass X-ray binaries (Liu+, 2006)
J/A+A/453/635 : Modelling the Galactic Interstellar Extinction
(Marshall+, 2006)
J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)
B/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits
(Pourbaix+ 2004-2014)
II/366 : ASAS-SN catalog of variable stars (Jayasinghe+, 2018-2020)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3
(Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 28 A28 --- DR3Name Gaia DR3 Name (DR3Name)
30- 44 F15.11 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
(RA_ICRS)
46- 60 F15.11 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (DE_ICRS)
62- 80 I19 --- Source Gaia DR3 Source (Source)
82- 88 F7.4 mas Plx Gaia parallax (Plx)
90- 95 F6.4 mas e_Plx Gaia parallax error (e_Plx)
97-102 F6.3 --- RUWE Gaia renormalized unit weight error (RUWE)
104-112 F9.6 mag Gmag Gaia apparent G magnitude (Gmag)
114-122 F9.6 mag BPmag Gaia apparent BP magnitude (BPmag)
124-132 F9.6 mag RPmag Gaia apparent RP magnitude (RPmag)
134-139 F6.2 km/s RV ? Gaia radial velocity (RV)
141-145 F5.2 km/s e_RV ? Gaia radial velocity error (e_RV)
147-149 F3.1 --- n_RV ? Gaia method used to obtain the radial
velocity (n_RV)
151-154 F4.1 --- o_RV ? Gaia number of transits used to compute
the radial velocity (o_RV)
156-159 F4.1 --- oRVd ? Gaia number of valid transits that have
undergone deblending (o_RVd)
161-164 F4.1 --- RVNper ? Gaia number of visibility periods used
to estimate the radial velocity (RVNper)
166-175 F10.6 d RVS/N ? Gaia time coverage of the radial
velocity time series (RVS/N)
177-187 F11.7 --- RVgof ? Gaia radial velocity renormalised
goodness of fit (RVgof)
189-196 E8.6 --- RVchi2 ? Gaia p-value for constancy based on a
chi-squared criterion (RVchi2)
198-205 F8.3 d RVTdur ? Gaia time coverage of the radial
velocity time series (RVTdur)
207-212 F6.2 km/s RVamp ? Gaia total amplitude in the radial
velocity time series after outlier removal
(RVamp)
214-222 F9.6 mag GRVSmag ? Gaia integrated Grvs magnitude (GRVSmag)
224-243 F20.15 d Per Gaia NSS SB1 period (Per)
245-265 F21.16 d Tperi Gaia NSS periastron epoch relative to
2016.0 (Tperi)
267-284 F18.16 --- ecc Gaia NSS SB1 eccentricity (ecc)
286-306 F21.16 km/s Vcm Gaia NSS velocity of the center of mass
(Vcm)
308-326 F19.15 km/s K1 Gaia NSS velocity semi-amplitude (K1)
328-346 F19.15 deg omega Gaia NSS SB1 argument of periastron (omega)
348-349 I2 --- NRVp Gaia NSS number of radial velocities
considered for the primary (NRVp)
351-369 F19.16 Msun fm Binary mass function (fm)
371-381 F11.7 --- Sig Gaia NSS SB1 significance statistic
(significance)
383-391 I9 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog identifier (tic)
393-400 F8.6 arcsec SepTICGDR3 Angular separation between TIC and GDR3
Source (angdist_tic)
402-413 F12.6 pc rpgeo Bailer-Jones et al. (2021AJ....161..147B 2021AJ....161..147B,
Cat. I/352) photogeometric distance (rpgeo)
415-442 A28 --- ASAS-SN ASAS-SN identifier (asassn_name)
444-448 F5.2 mag Vmag ? ASAS-SN mean V-band magnitude (mean_vmag)
450-453 F4.2 mag AmpV ? ASAS-SN variability amplitude
(amplitude_v)
455-465 F11.7 d PerV ? ASAS-SN photometric period
(asassnperiodv)
467-469 A3 --- TypeV ASAS-SN variable star classification
(typeasassnv) (1)
471-488 F18.16 arcsec SepASASV ? ASAS-SN V-band catalog separation
(separationasassnix)
490-517 A28 --- Christy23 ASAS-SN g-band catalog name (Christy et
al. (2022)) (asassnidg)
519-521 A3 --- Typeg ASAS-SN g-band catalog type (typeasassng)
(2)
523-527 F5.2 mag gmag ? ASAS-SN mean g-band magnitude (mean_gmag)
529-532 F4.2 mag Ampg ? ASAS-SN g-band variability amplitude
(amplitude_g)
534-543 F10.6 d Perg ? ASAS-SN g-band period (asassnperiodg)
545-565 F21.19 arcsec SepASASg ? ASAS-SN g-band catalog separation
(separationasassnx)
567-571 A5 --- Var ASAS-SN variable flag True as 55 times and
False 179 times (asassn_variable)
573-577 A5 --- EB Eclipsing binary flag True as 66 times and
False 168 times (eclipsing_binary)
579-583 A5 --- EllVar Ellipsoidal variable flag True as 51 times
and False 183 times (ell_variability)
585-589 A5 --- RVtoPer Photometric and spectroscopic periods
agree flag as True 73 times and False 161
times (photrvperiod_match)
591-595 A5 --- TessLC Flag has TESS lc at time of writing as
True 200 times and False 34 times (tess_lc)
597-608 A12 --- ElBadry22 Source found in El-Badry et al.
(2022MNRAS.512.5620E 2022MNRAS.512.5620E) as Checkmark 12
times and None 222 times (elbadry22)
610-615 F6.3 mag Jmag 2MASS J-band magnitude (jmag)
617-622 F6.3 mag Hmag 2MASS H-band magnitude (hmag)
624-629 F6.3 mag Kmag 2MASS K-band magnitude (kmag)
631-638 F8.6 arcsec Sep2MASS 2MASS source separation (angdist_2mass)
640-658 F19.16 mag AVmwdust V-band extinction (mwdust_av)
660-677 F18.16 mag AHmwdust H-band extinction (mwdust_ah)
679-696 F18.16 mag AJmwdust J-band extinction (mwdust_aj)
698-715 F18.16 mag AKmwdust K-band extinction (mwdust_ak)
717-735 F19.16 mag Agmwdust G-band extinction (mwdust_ag)
737-755 F19.16 mag ABPmwdust BP-band extinction (mwdust_abp)
757-775 F19.16 mag ARPmwdust RP-band extinction (mwdust_arp)
777-781 A5 --- HI Flag for HI feature identified in Gaia RVS
spectrum as True 7 times and False 227
times (hydrogen_line)
783-796 A14 --- Remarks Remarks on sources (remarks) (3)
798-802 A5 --- Vetting Flag for passed significance cut and light
curve vetting for compact object + star
binary system candidates as True 80 times
and False 154 times (passed_vetting)
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Note (1): Variability types from ASAS-SN V band Jayasinghe et al.
2018MNRAS.477.3145J 2018MNRAS.477.3145J, Cat. II/366 are as follows:
EA = Detached Algol-type binaries, 18 occurences in our sample
EB = Lyrae-type binaries, 18 occurences in our sample
EW = W Ursae Majoris-type binaries, 3 occurences in our sample
ROT = Uncertain rotational variables, 4 occurences in our sample
SR = Semiregular variables, 6 occurences in our sample
VAR = Generic variables, 1 occurence in our sample
YSO = Young stellar objects, 2 occurences in our sample
Note (2): Variability types from ASAS-SN g band Christy et al.
2023MNRAS.519.5271C 2023MNRAS.519.5271C, Cat. J/MNRAS/519/5271 are as follows:
EA = Detached Algol-type binaries, 7 occurences in our sample
EB = Lyrae-type eclipsing binaries, 2 occurences in our sample
EW = W Ursae Majoris-type binaries, 2 occurences in our sample
ROT = Uncertain rotational variables, 2 occurences in our sample
SR = Semiregular variables, 1 occurence in our sample
Note (3): Remarks on sources are as follows:
BP = Photometric period does not match spectroscopic period in
Gaia BP spectra, 44 occurences in our sample
EB = Eclipsing type binaries identified in this work,
66 occurences in our sample
EB22 = Source found in El-Badry et al. (2022MNRAS.512.5620E 2022MNRAS.512.5620E) catalog,
12 occurences in our sample
ECL = Classified in ASAS-SN catalogs as an eclipsing binary,
39 occurences in our sample
ELL = Identified as an ellipsoidal variable in this work,
51 occurences in our sample
HI = Broad HI feature identified in RVS spectrum,
7 occurences in our sample
ROT = Classified in ASAS-SN catalogs as a rotational variable,
6 occurences in our sample
SR = Classified in ASAS-SN catalogs as a semi-regular variable,
7 occurences in our sample
VAR = Classified in ASAS-SN catalogs as a variable of generic type,
1 occurence in our sample
YSO = Classified in ASAS-SN as a young stellar object,
2 occurences in our sample
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 10-Jun-2026