J/MNRAS/529/4768 Stellar companions of exoplanet host stars (Schlagenhauf+ 2024)
Search for Stellar Companions of Exoplanet Host Stars with AstraLux/CAHA 2.2 m.
Schlagenhauf S., Mugrauer M., Ginski C., Buder S., Fernandez M., Bischoff R.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 529, 4768-4786 (2024)>
=2024MNRAS.529.4768S 2024MNRAS.529.4768S (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Proper motions ;
Parallaxes, trigonometric ; Stars, masses
Keywords: techniques: high angular resolution - astrometry - exoplanets -
binaries: visual
Abstract:
Stellar multiplicity is a key aspect of exoplanet diversity, as the
presence of more than one star in a planetary system can have both
devastating and positive effects on its formation and evolution. In
this paper, we present the results of a Lucky Imaging survey of 212
exoplanet host stars performed with AstraLux at CAHA 2.2m. The survey
includes data from seven observing epochs between August 2015 and
September 2020, and data for individual targets from four earlier
observing epochs. The targets of this survey are nearby, bright,
solar-like stars with high proper motions. In total, we detected 46
co-moving companions of 43 exoplanet host stars. Accordingly, this
survey shows that the minimum multiplicity rate of exoplanet host
stars is 20±3%. In total, 33 binary and ten hierarchical triple star
systems with exoplanets have been identified. All companions were
found to have a common proper motion with the observed exoplanet host
stars, and with our astrometry we even find evidence of orbital motion
for 28 companions. For all targets, we determined the detection limit
and explore the detection space for possible additional companions of
these stars. Based on the reached detection limit, additional
co-moving companions beyond the detected ones can be excluded around
all observed exoplanet host stars. The increasing number of exoplanets
discovered in multiple stellar systems suggests that the formation of
planets in such systems is by no means rare, but common. Therefore,
our study highlights the need to consider stellar multiplicity in
future studies of exoplanet habitability.
Description:
The astrometry & photometry of the exoplanet host stars and of their
stellar companions are summarized together with the derived properties
of the companions.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 56 319 Observation log (table A1 in the paper)
tableb1.dat 163 212 Properties of the observed exoplanet host stars
tableb2.dat 61 199 Effective temperature, surface gravity and V-band
extinction estimate for all targets, listed in
the SHC (Anders et al., 2019A&A...628A..94A 2019A&A...628A..94A,
Cat. I/349, 2022A&A...658A..91A 2022A&A...658A..91A, Cat. I/354)
tableb3.dat 78 212 Apparent i'-band magnitude and age of all
targets from the literature
tablec1.dat 85 66 Astrometry of companions, listed in Gaia DR3
tablec2.dat 82 50 Astrometry of companions, not listed in Gaia DR3
tablec3.dat 73 4 Astrometry of companions from other surveys
tablec4.dat 48 46 Astrometry of comp.-candidates, listed in Gaia DR3
tablec5.dat 73 6 Astrometry of comp.-candidates,
not listed in Gaia DR3
tablec6.dat 106 46 Photometry of all detected companions
refs.dat 101 114 References
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See also:
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/349 : StarHorse, Gaia DR2 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2019)
I/354 : StarHorse2, Gaia EDR3 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Name of exoplanet host star
15- 24 A10 "date" Epoch Observation epoch
26- 31 I6 --- NFrames ?=- Total number of taken images
33- 37 I5 --- Nsel ?=- Number of selected images
40- 45 F6.2 ms DIT Detector Integration Time
47- 52 F6.2 s TIT Total Integration Time
54- 56 I3 --- EM-Gain Electron Multiplication Gain
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Name of exoplanet host star
15 I1 --- Note [1/2]? Note (1)
17- 18 I2 h RAh Right Ascension of target (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Right Ascension of target (J2000)
23- 26 F4.1 s RAs Right Ascension of target (J2000)
28 A1 --- DE- Declination sign of target (J2000)
29- 30 I2 deg DEd Declination of target (J2000)
32- 33 I2 arcmin DEm Declination of target (J2000)
35- 36 I2 arcsec DEs [0/60] Declination of target (J2000)
38- 45 F8.4 mas Plx Parallax
47- 52 F6.4 mas e_Plx Error of parallax
54- 61 F8.3 mas/yr pmRA Proper motion in right ascension
63- 67 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA Error of Proper motion in right ascension
69- 77 F9.3 mas/yr pmDE Proper motion in declination
79- 83 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE Error of proper motion in declination
85- 88 I4 K Teff ? Effective temperature
90- 93 I4 K E_Teff ? Upper error of effective temperature
95- 98 I4 K e_Teff []? Lower error of effective temperature
100-103 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg ? Surface gravity
105-108 F4.2 [cm/s2] E_logg ? Upper error of surface gravity
110-114 F5.2 [cm/s2] e_logg []? Lower error of surface gravity
116-120 F5.3 mag AV ? V-band extinction estimate
122-126 F5.3 mag E_AV ? Upper error of V-band extinction estimate
128-133 F6.3 mag e_AV []? Lower error of V-band extinction estimate
135-140 F6.3 mag ipmag i'-band magnitude
142-146 F5.3 mag e_ipmag ? Error of i'-band magnitude
148-152 F5.2 Gyr Age ? Age
154-157 F4.2 Gyr E_Age ? Upper error of age
159-163 F5.2 Gyr e_Age []? Lower error of age
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Note (1): Note as follows:
1 = Astronomy taken from the Gaia DR2 catalogue
2 = Astronomy taken from the Hipparcos catalogue
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Name of exoplanet host star
16- 19 I4 K Teff Effective temperature
20 A1 --- --- [+]
21- 24 I4 K E_Teff Effective temperature upper error
25 A1 --- --- [-]
26- 28 I3 K e_Teff Effective temperature lower error
30- 33 F4.2 [cm2/s] logg Surface gravity
34 A1 --- --- [+]
35- 38 F4.2 [cm2/s] E_logg Surface gravity upper error
39 A1 --- --- [-]
40- 43 F4.2 [cm2/s] e_logg Surface gravity lower error
45- 49 F5.3 mag AV Extinction in V band
50 A1 --- --- [+]
51- 55 F5.3 mag E_AV Extinction in V band upper error
56 A1 --- --- [-]
57- 61 F5.3 mag e_AV Extinction in V band lower error
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Name of exoplanet host star
15- 20 F6.3 mag ipmag i' magnitude (1)
22- 26 F5.3 mag e_ipmag ? i' magnitude error
28- 40 A13 --- r_ipmag i' magnitude reference(s), in refs.dat file
41 A1 --- nripmag [*] Note on ref (2)
43- 47 F5.2 Gyr Age ?=- Age (1)
49- 52 F4.2 Gyr E_Age ? Age error upper value
54- 57 F4.2 Gyr e_Age ? Age error lower value
59- 78 A20 --- r_Age Age reference(s), in refs.dat file
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Note (1): Where more than one reference is given, the mean and standard
deviation of all values are listed.
Note (2): Note as follows:
* = The i'-band magnitude is calculated form Johnson-Cousins R- and I-band
magnitudes using the empirical color transformation from
Jordi et al. (2006A&A...460..339J 2006A&A...460..339J)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Name Name of companion
13- 22 A10 --- Epoch Observation epoch
24 A1 --- Note [*] *: Relative astrometry of the companion
is based on Gaia DR3 astrometry
26- 31 F6.3 arcsec rho Angular separation
33- 37 F5.3 arcsec e_rho Error of angular separation
39- 44 F6.2 deg PA Position angle
46- 49 F4.2 deg e_PA Error of position angle
51- 53 F3.1 --- sDplx ? Significance of parallax difference
55- 59 F5.1 --- CPM ? Common proper motion index
61- 65 F5.2 mas/yr mu-rel ? Differential proper motion
67- 70 F4.2 mas/yr e_mu-rel ? Error of differential proper motion
72- 76 F5.2 mas/yr mu-esc ? Estimate of escape velocity
78- 81 F4.2 mas/yr e_mu-esc ? Error of estimate of escape velocity
83- 85 A3 --- orbit? [yes ] Is orbital motion detected?
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Name of companion
15- 24 A10 --- Epoch Epoch of observation
26 I1 --- Note [1/5]? Note (1)
28- 33 F6.3 arcsec rho Angular separation
35- 39 F5.3 arcsec e_rho ? Error of angular separation
41- 46 F6.2 deg PA Position angle
48- 51 F4.2 deg e_PA ? Error of position angle
53- 56 F4.1 --- srho-co ? rho significance to reject co-moving
hypothesis
58- 62 F5.1 --- sPA-co ? PA significance to reject co-moving
hypothesis
64- 68 F5.1 --- srho-bg ? rho significance to reject background
hypothesis
70- 74 F5.1 --- sPA-bg ? PA significance to reject background
hypothesis
76- 78 A3 --- cpm? [yes ] Is common proper motion detected?
80- 82 A3 --- orbit? [yes ] Is orbital motion detected?
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Note (1): Note as follows:
1 = Astrometry based on Gaia DR3, Cat. I/355
2 = Astrometry based on Ginski et al. (2016MNRAS.457.2173G 2016MNRAS.457.2173G)
3 = Astrometry based on Gaia DR2 catalogue
4 = Astrometry based on Ginski et al.
(2012MNRAS.421.2498G 2012MNRAS.421.2498G, Cat. J/MNRAS/421/2498)
5 = Astrometry based on WDS (Cat. B/wds)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Name Name of companion
13- 22 A10 --- Epoch Epoch of observation
24- 28 F5.3 arcsec rho Angular separation
30- 34 F5.3 arcsec e_rho Error of angular separation
36- 41 F6.2 deg PA Position angle
43- 46 F4.2 deg e_PA Error of position angle
48- 73 A26 --- Ref Reference for astrometry
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Name of companion-candidate
16- 19 I4 yr Epoch Epoch of observation
21- 26 F6.3 arcsec rho Angular separation
28- 33 F6.2 deg PA Position angle
35- 38 F4.1 mag ipmag i'-band magnitude
40- 44 F5.1 --- sDplx Significance of the parallax difference
46- 48 F3.1 --- CPM Common proper motion index
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Name of companion-candidate
16- 25 A10 --- Epoch Epoch of observation
27 A1 --- Note [*] *: Relative astrometry of companion
candidate is based on Gaia DR3 astrometry
29- 33 F5.3 arcsec rho Angular separation
35- 39 F5.3 arcsec e_rho Error of angular separation
41- 46 F6.2 deg PA Position angle
48- 51 F4.2 deg e_PA Error of position angle
53- 56 F4.1 mag ipmag ? i'-band magnitude
58- 61 F4.1 --- srho-co ? rho significance to reject co-moving
hypothesis
63- 65 I3 --- sPA-co ? PA significance to reject co-moving
hypothesis
67- 69 F3.1 --- srho-bg ? rho significance to reject background
hypothesis
71- 73 F3.1 --- sPA-bg ? PA significance to reject background
hypothesis
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Name of companion
15- 19 F5.2 mag ipmag i'-band magnitude
21- 24 F4.2 mag e_ipmag Error of i'-band magnitude
26- 30 F5.2 mag ipMAG Absolute i'-band magnitude
32- 35 F4.2 mag e_ipMAG Error of absolute i'-band magnitude
37 A1 --- l_Mass [~] Limit flag on mass
39- 42 F4.2 Msun Mass Mass
44- 47 F4.2 Msun e_Mass ? Error of mass
49-106 A58 --- Ref Mass reference
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference number
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
25- 50 A26 --- Aut Author's name
53-101 A49 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements:
Markus Mugrauer, markus(at)astro.uni-jena.de
History:
09-Apr-2024: on-line version
11-Apr-2024: some corrections in table2 and table8
(End) Markus Mugrauer [AIU Jena], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 06-Mar-2024