J/MNRAS/537/2662 Extremely X-ray luminous clusters at z>0.5 (Ebeling+, 2025)
Beyond MACS: physical properties of extremely X-ray luminous clusters at z>0.5.
Ebeling H., Richard J., Beauchesne B., Basto Q., Edge A.C., Smail I.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 537, 2662-2694 (2025)>
=2025MNRAS.537.2662E 2025MNRAS.537.2662E (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; X-ray sources; Gravitational lensing ;
Redshifts
Keywords: gravitational lensing: strong - galaxies: clusters: general -
X-rays: galaxies: clusters
Abstract:
We present a sample of over 100 highly X-ray luminous galaxy clusters
(LX,0.1-2.4keV∼1045erg/s) at z∼0.5-0.9, discovered by the extended
Massive Cluster Survey (eMACS) in ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) data.
Follow-up observations of a subset at higher resolution and greater
depth with the Chandra X-ray Observatory are used to map the gaseous
intracluster medium, while strong-gravitational-lensing features
identified in Hubble Space Telescope imaging allow us to constrain the
total mass distribution. We present evidence of the exceptional
gravitational-lensing power of these massive systems, search for
substructure along the line of sight by mapping the radial velocities
of cluster members obtained through extensive ground-based
spectroscopy, and identify dramatic cases of galaxy evolution in
high-density cluster environments. The available observations of the
eMACS sample presented here provide a wealth of insights into the
properties of very massive clusters (M200∼1015M☉) at z>0.5,
which act as powerful lenses to study galaxies in the very distant
Universe. We also provide first assessments of the evolutionary state,
galaxy populations, and large-scale environment of eMACS clusters and
release to the community the cluster sample and supporting
spectroscopic catalogues to further the understanding of the first
generation of truly massive clusters to have formed in the Universe.
Description:
We present the master list of cluster positions and physical
properties, as well as the list of spectroscopic redshifts used in the
strong lensing analysis.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
emacs.dat 457 111 EMACS clusters (ID and position)
emacs_z.dat 43 3286 Spectroscopic redshifts
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: emacs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 17 A17 --- Cluster Cluster name, eMACSJHHMM.m+DDMM or
MACSJHHMM.m_DDMM
19- 20 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
21 A1 --- --- [:]
22- 23 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
24 A1 --- --- [:]
25- 28 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
30 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
31- 32 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
33 A1 --- --- [:]
34- 35 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
36 A1 --- --- [:]
37- 40 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
42- 47 F6.4 --- z Cluster redshift (z)
49- 51 I3 --- Nzmemb ?=- Number of spec. members
53- 55 I3 ks tCXO ?=- Chandra exposure time
57- 60 A4 --- Radio [3GHz 5GHz] Radio coverage frequency
62 A1 --- Rdetect [D/N] BCG radio detected
64-110 A47 --- HSTbands HST filter coverage (HST_passbands)
112-115 F4.2 10-15W/m2 FX-RASS 0.1-2.4keV flux
in units 10-12erg/s/cm2
117-120 I4 s t-RASS RASS exposure time
122-123 I2 --- LH-RASS Source likelihood
125-129 F5.1 --- Nph-RASS Number of photons detected in RASS
131-297 A167 --- ObsRunsKeck Associated Keck observing runs
299-302 F4.2 10+20cm-2 nH ?=- HI column density
304-307 F4.1 10+37W LX-RASS ?=- 0.1-2.4keV X-ray luminosity
in units 1044erg/s
309-311 F3.1 10+37W e_LX-RASS []?=- Error on Lx in units 1044erg/s
313-317 F5.1 ks tACIS-I ?=- ACIS-I exposure time
319-321 I3 kpc R1000 ?=- R1000 radius
323-325 I3 kpc E_R1000 ?=- Upper error on R1000
327-330 I4 kpc e_R1000 []?=- Lower error on R1000
332-340 F9.6 10-16W/m2 FX-CXO ?=- 0.5-7keV flux
in units 10-13erg/s/cm2
342-349 F8.6 10-16W/m2 E_FX-CXO ?=- Upper error on FX-CXO
in units 10-13erg/s/cm2
351-359 F9.6 10-16W/m2 e_FX-CXO []?=- Lower error on FX-CXO
in units 10-13erg/s/cm2
361-369 F9.6 10+37W LX-CXO ?=- 0.5-7keV X-ray luminosity
in units 1044erg/s
371-373 F3.1 10+37W E_LX-CXO ?=- Upper error on LX-CXO
in units 1044erg/s
375-383 F9.6 10+37W e_LX-CXO []?=- Lower error on LX-CXO
in units 1044erg/s
385-388 F4.1 keV kTX-CXO ?=- X-ray temperature
390-398 F9.6 keV E_kTX-CXO ?=- Upper error on kTx
400-408 F9.6 keV e_kTX-CXO []?=- Lower error on kTx
410-417 F8.6 10+14Msun MX-R1000 ?=- X-ray derived mass within R1000
419-427 F9.6 10+14Msun E_MX-R1000 ?=- Upper error on MX-R1000
429-437 F9.6 10+14Msun e_MX-R1000 []?=- Lower error on MX-R1000
439-440 A2 --- Morph Cluster morphological class
442-443 I2 arcsec Re-PM ?=- Parametric model Re
445-447 I3 arcsec e_Re-PM ?=- Uncertainty in Re_PM
449-451 I3 10+12Msun MRe-PM ?=- Enclosed mass within Re_PM
453-454 I2 --- Nmult ?=- Number of multiple systems
456-457 I2 --- Nz ?=- Number of spectroscopic redshifts
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: emacs_z.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Name (eMACSHHMM-NN)
16- 18 A3 --- Type Type (1)
20- 27 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
29- 36 F8.4 deg DEdeg Delcination (J2000)
38- 43 F6.4 --- z Spectroscopic redshift
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Note (1): Type as follows:
G = galaxy
X = X-ray
BCG = brightest cluster galaxy
RPS = Ram Pressue Stripping
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Acknowledgements:
Johan Richard, johan.richard(at)univ-lyon1.fr
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 18-Feb-2025