J/MNRAS/547/G446 G4Jy. Multiwavelength data and analysis (White+, 2026)
The GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample. IV. Multiwavelength data and analysis.
White S.V., Sejake P.K., Thorat K., Andernach H., Franzen T.M.O.,
Ivy Wong O., Kapinska A.D., Callingham J.R., Riseley C.J., Seymour N.,
Wayth R., Staveley-Smith L., Chhetri R., Hurley-Walker N., Morgan J.,
Hancock P., Massaro F., Garcia-Perez A., Jimenez-Gallardo A.,
Pena-Herazo H.A.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 547, G446 (2026)>
=2026MNRAS.547g.446W 2026MNRAS.547g.446W (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei ; Galaxies, radio ; Redshifts ;
Photometry, infrared
Keywords: catalogues - galaxies: active - galaxies: evolution -
galaxies: low-redshift - galaxies: high-redshift -
radio continuum: galaxies
Abstract:
We provide an updated 'multiwavelength' version of the G4Jy catalogue
(available at https://github.com/svw26/G4Jy,
https://zenodo.org/communities/g4jy/records, and through VizieR),
which has 127 new host-galaxy identifications, as described in Paper
III of this paper series.
We also supplement the redshift information (0.0<z<3.6) gathered
in Paper III with griz photometry available through DR10 of the DESI
Legacy Surveys. Together, this legacy dataset allows us to investigate
the multiwavelength properties of these southern radio-bright
galaxies, which includes an initial analysis of radio
spectral-curvature for this complete sample (S151MHz>4Jy). For
example, we present (for the first time in the literature) the
radio-power-size diagram as a function of radio spectral-curvature,
[P--D](SCI), noting that the spectral-curvature index (SCI) can act as
a proxy for the spectral age of the radio source. This
radio-power-size-age diagram shows an interesting predominance of
candidate remnant radio-galaxies (SCI>0.15) with D<200 kpc
(although these may instead be young radio-sources), and a vast range
of linear sizes for candidate restarted radio-galaxies (SCI←0.15).
We also show that (i) G4Jy sources populate the entirety of WISE
colour-colour space, (ii) optically point-like sources (i.e.
candidate quasars) are brighter than the well-studied K-z relation
(as expected), and (iii) there is no relation between the SCI of the
radio source and its host-galaxy properties.
Description:
This is an update of the G4Jy catalogue published by White et al.
(2020PASA...37...18W 2020PASA...37...18W, 2020PASA...37...17W 2020PASA...37...17W, Cat. VIII/105), where
consultation of MeerKAT, VLASS, and RACS images have since enabled
additional host-galaxy identifications for the G4Jy Sample. The
identification-completeness now stands at 93%, with 64% of sources
having a redshift available in the literature. 34% of G4Jy sources
have spectroscopic redshifts that been carefully verified via this
work. Using all of the redshifts compiled in this new updated
catalogue, we also provide K-corrected radio luminosities (at 151 MHz)
and (projected) linear sizes. This catalogue also provides alpha_mid
values (the radio-continuum spectral-index between 151MHz and
1400MHz), but these are not reliable for SUMSS-based G4Jy sources
(i.e. sources at Dec←39.5°) due to a fixed spectral shape being
assumed between 843MHz and 1400MHz. Therefore, this work only consider
NVSS-based G4Jy sources when the spectral-curvature properties are
analysed.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
catalog.dat 1361 1863 G4Jy catalogue
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See also:
VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)
VIII/78 : Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) (Mauch+ 2006)
VIII/82 : 2nd Epoch Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey (MGPS-2)
(Murphy+, 2007)
VII/259 : 6dF galaxy survey final redshift release (Jones+, 2009)
J/A+A/598/A78 : The GMRT 150MHz all-sky radio survey (Intema+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/402/2403 : Australia Telescope 20GHz Survey Catalog, AT20G
(Murphy+, 2010)
VIII/100 : GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey (Hurley-Walker+, 2016)
VIII/102 : GLEAM II. Galactic plane (Hurley-Walker+, 2019)
VIII/105 : The GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample (White+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: catalog.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- G4Jy Name of source belonging to the G4Jy
Sample (G4Jy_name)
11- 39 A29 --- NED Alternative name for the G4Jy source
in NED (NED_name)
41 I1 --- NcmpGLEAM [1/5] Number of GLEAM components for
this G4Jy source (ncmp_GLEAM)
43- 52 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension for the centroid
position (J2000) (centroid_RAJ2000)
54- 57 F4.2 arcsec e_RAdeg Error on RA for the centroid position
(errcentroidRAJ2000)
59- 68 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination for the centroid position
(J2000) (centroid_DEJ2000)
70- 73 F4.2 arcsec e_DEdeg Error on DE for the centroid position
(errcentroidDEJ2000)
75 I1 --- centFlag [0/2] Flag for sources with an updated
centroid-position (centroid_flag)
77- 83 A7 --- Mtype Morphology of the source in
NVSS/SUMSS/TGSS (morphology)
85- 86 I2 --- Nradio [1/23] Number of NVSS/SUMSS components
(ncmp_NVSSorSUMSS)
88 I1 --- confFlag [0/1] Flag for sources affected by
confusion in GLEAM (confusion_flag)
90 A1 --- l_Size [<] Upper limit flag on angular size
(angularsizelimit)
92- 99 F8.3 arcsec Size Angular size in NVSS/SUMSS
(angular_size)
101- 107 F7.4 Jy Sradio Total flux-density in NVSS/SUMSS
(S_NVSSorSUMSS)
109- 114 F6.4 Jy e_Sradio Error on the total flux-density in
NVSS/SUMSS (errSNVSSorSUMSS)
116- 119 I4 MHz Freq Indicates whether NVSS or SUMSS was
used (Freq)
121- 132 F12.9 --- alphaG4JyNVSS ?=- Spectral index between 151 and
1400MHz (G4JyNVSSalpha)
134- 145 F12.10 --- e_alphaG4JyNVSS ?=- Error on the spectral index
between 151 and 1400MHz
(errG4JyNVSS_alpha)
147- 158 F12.9 --- alphaG4JySUMSS ?=- Spectral index between 151 and
843MHz (G4JySUMSSalpha)
160- 171 F12.10 --- e_alphaG4JySUMSS ?=- Error on the spectral index
between 151 and 843MHz
(errG4JySUMSS_alpha)
173- 179 F7.4 Jy S1400 Total flux-density at 1400MHz
(extrapolated for SUMSS sources)
(S_1400)
181- 186 F6.4 Jy e_S1400 Error on the total flux-density at
1400MHz (errS1400)
188- 199 F12.9 --- alphamid Spectral index, 151 to 1400MHz
(extrapolated for SUMSS sources)
(alpha_mid)
201- 211 F11.9 --- e_alphamid Error on the spectral index between
151 and 1400MHz (erralphamid)
213- 224 F12.9 --- alphaG4Jy ?=- Fitted spectral-index using total
GLEAM flux-densities (G4Jy_alpha)
226- 236 F11.9 --- e_alphaG4Jy ?=- Error on the fitted, G4Jy
spectral-index (errG4Jyalpha)
238- 248 F11.9 --- rchi2G4Jy ?=- Reduced chi^2 statistic for G4Jy
spectral-index fit
(reducedchi2G4Jy_alpha)
250- 260 F11.7 Jy Fint076 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
72-80 MHz image (totalintflux_076)
262- 272 F11.9 Jy e_Fint076 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 72-80MHz image
(errtotalintflux076)
274- 284 F11.7 Jy Fint084 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
80-88MHz image (totalintflux_084)
286- 296 F11.9 Jy e_Fint084 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 80-88MHz image
(errtotalintflux084)
298- 308 F11.7 Jy Fint092 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
88-95MHz image (totalintflux_092)
310- 320 F11.9 Jy e_Fint092 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 88-95MHz image
(errtotalintflux092)
322- 332 F11.7 Jy Fint099 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
95-103MHz image (totalintflux_099)
334- 344 F11.9 Jy e_Fint099 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 95-103MHz image
(errtotalintflux099)
346- 356 F11.7 Jy Fint107 Total, integrated flux-density in
103-111MHz image (totalintflux_107)
358- 369 F12.9 Jy e_Fint107 Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 103-111MHz image
(errtotalintflux107)
371- 381 F11.7 Jy Fint115 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
111-118MHz image (totalintflux_115)
383- 394 F12.9 Jy e_Fint115 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 111-118MHz image
(errtotalintflux115)
396- 406 F11.7 Jy Fint122 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
118-126 MHz image
(totalintflux_122)
408- 419 F12.9 Jy e_Fint122 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 118-126MHz image
(errtotalintflux122)
421- 432 F12.7 Jy Fint130 Total, integrated flux-density in
126-134MHz image (totalintflux_130)
434- 445 F12.9 Jy e_Fint130 Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 126-134MHz image
(errtotalintflux130)
447- 457 F11.7 Jy Fint143 Total, integrated flux-density in
139-147MHz image (totalintflux_143)
459- 470 F12.9 Jy e_Fint143 Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 139-147MHz image
(errtotalintflux143)
472- 482 F11.7 Jy Fint151 Total, integrated flux-density in
147-154MHz image (totalintflux_151)
484- 494 F11.9 Jy e_Fint151 Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 147-154MHz image
(errtotalintflux151)
496- 506 F11.7 Jy Fint158 Total, integrated flux-density in
154-162 MHz image
(totalintflux_158)
508- 519 F12.10 Jy e_Fint158 Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 154-162MHz image
(errtotalintflux158)
521- 531 F11.7 Jy Fint166 Total, integrated flux-density in
162-170 MHz image
(totalintflux_166)
533- 545 F13.10 Jy e_Fint166 Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 162-170MHz image
(errtotalintflux166)
547- 557 F11.7 Jy Fint174 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
170-177MHz image
(totalintflux_174)
559- 571 F13.10 Jy e_Fint174 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 170-177MHz image
(errtotalintflux174)
573- 583 F11.7 Jy Fint181 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
177-185MHz image (totalintflux_181)
585- 597 F13.10 Jy e_Fint181 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 177-185MHz image
(errtotalintflux181)
599- 609 F11.7 Jy Fint189 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
185-193MHz image (totalintflux_189)
611- 622 F12.10 Jy e_Fint189 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 185-193MHz image
(errtotalintflux189)
624- 634 F11.7 Jy Fint197 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
193-200MHz image (totalintflux_197)
636- 647 F12.10 Jy e_Fint197 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 193-200MHz image
(errtotalintflux197)
649- 659 F11.7 Jy Fint204 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
200-208MHz image (totalintflux_204)
661- 672 F12.10 Jy e_Fint204 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 200-208MHz image
(errtotalintflux204)
674- 684 F11.7 Jy Fint212 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
208-216MHz image (totalintflux_212)
686- 697 F12.10 Jy e_Fint212 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 208-216MHz image
(errtotalintflux212)
699- 709 F11.7 Jy Fint220 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density
in 216-223MHz image
(totalintflux_220)
711- 722 F12.10 Jy e_Fint220 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 216-223MHz image
(errtotalintflux220)
724- 734 F11.7 Jy Fint227 ?=- Total, integrated flux-density in
223-231MHz image (totalintflux_227)
736- 747 F12.10 Jy e_Fint227 ?=- Error on total, integrated
flux-density in 223-231MHz image
(errtotalintflux227)
749 A1 --- hostFlag Flag for the type of host-galaxy
identification (host_flag)
751- 788 A38 --- hostName Name of the host galaxy (host_name)
790- 800 F11.7 deg RAHdeg ?=- Right ascension for the host
galaxy (J2000) (host_RAJ2000)
802- 812 F11.7 deg DEHdeg ?=- Declination for the host galaxy
(J2000) (host_DEJ2000)
814- 819 F6.3 mag W1mag ?=- W1 magnitude for the host galaxy
(W1mag)
821- 825 F5.3 mag e_W1mag ?=- Error on W1 magnitude for the host
galaxy (err_W1mag)
827- 832 F6.3 mag W2mag ?=- W2 magnitude for the host galaxy
(W2mag)
834- 838 F5.3 mag e_W2mag ?=- Error on W2 magnitude for the host
galaxy (err_W2mag)
840- 846 F7.3 mag W3mag ?=- W3 magnitude for the host galaxy
(W3mag)
848- 852 F5.3 mag e_W3mag ?=- Error on W3 magnitude for the host
galaxy (err_W3mag)
854- 859 F6.3 mag W4mag ?=- W4 magnitude for the host galaxy
(W4mag)
861- 865 F5.3 mag e_W4mag ?=- Error on W4 magnitude for the host
galaxy (err_W4mag)
867- 872 F6.4 arcsec eeMajallwise ?=- Semi-major axis of the error
ellipse (eeMaj_allwise)
874- 879 F6.4 arcsec eeMinallwise ?=- Semi-minor axis of the error
ellipse (eeMin_allwise)
881- 885 F5.1 deg eePAallwise ?=- Position angle of the error
ellipse (eePA_allwise)
887- 892 F6.3 mag Jmagallwise ?=- J magnitude from 2MASS via the
AllWISE catalogue (Jmag_allwise)
894- 898 F5.3 mag e_Jmagallwise ?=- Error on J magnitude from 2MASS
(errJmagallwise)
900- 905 F6.3 mag Hmagallwise ?=- H magnitude from 2MASS via the
AllWISE catalogue (Hmag_allwise)
907- 911 F5.3 mag e_Hmagallwise ?=- Error on H magnitude from 2MASS
(errHmagallwise)
913- 918 F6.3 mag Ksmagallwise ?=- Ks magnitude from 2MASS via the
AllWISE catalogue (Kmag_allwise)
920- 924 F5.3 mag e_Ksmagallwise ?=- Error on Ks magnitude from 2MASS
(errKmagallwise)
926- 945 F20.16 deg RALdeg ?=- Right ascension in Legacy Surveys
DR10 (J2000) (ra_LSDR10)
947- 968 F22.18 deg DELdeg ?=- Declination in Legacy Surveys DR10
(J2000) (dec_LSDR10)
970- 978 F9.6 mag gmagLSDR10 ?=- g magnitude in Legacy Surveys
DR10 (maggLSDR10)
980- 988 F9.6 mag rmagLSDR10 ?=- r magnitude in Legacy Surveys
DR10 (magrLSDR10)
990- 998 F9.6 mag imagLSDR10 ?=- i magnitude in Legacy Surveys
DR10 (magiLSDR10)
1000-1008 F9.6 mag zmagLSDR10 ?=- z magnitude in Legacy Surveys
DR10 (magzLSDR10)
1010-1018 F9.6 mag g0magLSDR10 ?=- Dereddenned g magnitude in Legacy
Surveys DR10 (deredmagg_LSDR10)
1020-1028 F9.6 mag r0magLSDR10 ?=- Dereddenned r magnitude in Legacy
Surveys DR10 (deredmagr_LSDR10)
1030-1038 F9.6 mag i0magLSDR10 ?=- Dereddenned i magnitude in Legacy
Surveys DR10 (deredmagi_LSDR10)
1040-1048 F9.6 mag z0magLSDR10 ?=- Dereddenned z magnitude in Legacy
Surveys DR10 (deredmagz_LSDR10)
1050-1063 F14.8 --- snrgLSDR10 ?=- Signal-to-noise ratio in the g
band (snrgLSDR10)
1065-1078 F14.8 --- snrrLSDR10 ?=- Signal-to-noise ratio in the r
band (snrrLSDR10)
1080-1093 F14.8 --- snriLSDR10 ?=- Signal-to-noise ratio in the i
band (snriLSDR10)
1095-1108 F14.8 --- snrzLSDR10 ?=- Signal-to-noise ratio in the z
band (snrzLSDR10)
1110-1118 F9.7 arcsec psfsizegLSDR10 ?=- Weighted average PSF FWHM in the
g band (psfsizegLSDR10)
1120-1129 F10.8 arcsec psfsizerLSDR10 ?=- Weighted average PSF FWHM in the
r band (psfsizerLSDR10)
1131-1140 F10.8 arcsec psfsizeiLSDR10 ?=- Weighted average PSF FWHM in the
i band (psfsizeiLSDR10)
1142-1151 F10.8 arcsec psfsizezLSDR10 ?=- Weighted average PSF FWHM in the
z band (psfsizezLSDR10)
1153-1155 A3 --- MTypeLSDR10 Optical morphological classification
by The Tractor (morphtype_LSDR10)
1157-1166 F10.8 --- SersicLSDR10 ?=- Sersic-index value fitted/set by
The Tractor (sersic_LSDR10)
1168-1179 E12.6 W/Hz L151WperHz ?=- K-corrected radio luminosity at
151MHz (L151WperHz)
1181-1192 E12.6 W/Hz e_L151WperHz ?=- Error on the K-corrected radio
luminosity at 151MHz
(errL151_WperHz)
1194-1205 E12.6 W/Hz L1400WperHz ?=- K-corrected radio luminosity at
1400MHz (L1400WperHz)
1207-1218 E12.6 W/Hz e_L1400WperHz ?=- Error on the K-corrected radio
luminosity at 1400MHz
(errL1400_WperHz)
1220 A1 --- l_lineSize [<] Upper limit flag onlinear size
(linearsizelimit)
1222-1230 F9.4 --- lineSize ?=- Projected linear size (via the
angular size in NVSS/SUMSS)
(linearsizekpc)
1232-1235 F4.1 --- zoriFlag ?=- Flag denoting the origin of the
adopted redshift (zoriginflag)
1237 I1 --- zQualFlag [1/5]?=- Flag indicating the quality
of the adopted redshift (1 = best)
(zQualityflag)
1239-1245 F7.5 --- zspMisc ?=- Miscellaneous spectroscopic
redshift (zsp_misc)
1247-1253 F7.5 --- zspDESI ?=- Spectroscopic redshift fitted by
the DESI collaboration (zsp_DESI)
1255 I1 --- zspWARNDESI [0/4]? Redshift-fitting quality flag
by the DESI collaboration
(zspWARNDESI)
1257-1263 F7.5 --- zphMisc ?=- Miscellaneous photometric redshift
(zph_misc)
1265-1269 F5.3 --- zphLSDR8south ?=- Photometric-redshift estimate from
LS DR8 South (zph_LSDR8south)
1271-1275 F5.3 --- e_zphLSDR8south ?=- Error in the photometric-redshift
estimate (errzphLSDR8south)
1277 I1 --- zphfclLSDR8s [0/1]? Flag = 1 for sources free of
blending or imaging artefacts
(zphfcleanLSDR8south)
1279 I1 --- zphfqualLSDR8s [0/1]? Flag = 1 for reliable
photometric-redshift estimates
(zphfqualLSDR8south)
1281-1291 F11.9 --- zphANNwiseScos ?=- Photometric redshift obtained with
the ANNz framework (zphANNwiseScos)
1293-1297 F5.3 mag E(B-V)wiseScos ?=- E(B-V), the Galactic dust
extinction along the line-of-sight
(ebv_wiseScos)
1299-1310 F12.8 deg RANdeg ?=- Fiducial right ascension in NED
(J2000) (NED_RAJ2000)
1312-1325 F14.10 deg DENdeg ?=- Fiducial declination in NED
(J2000) (NED_DEJ2000)
1327-1332 A6 --- NEDtype ?=- Object type accompanying the
alternative name in NED (NED_type)
1334-1341 F8.6 --- zNED ?=- Fiducial redshift (spectroscopic
or photometric) in NED (z_NED)
1343-1361 A19 --- r_zNED Reference for the fiducial redshift in
NED (zrefNED)
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Acknowledgements:
Sarah White, sarahwhite.astro(at)gmail.com
References:
White et al., Paper I 2020PASA...37...18W 2020PASA...37...18W, Cat. VIII/105
Sample: I. Definition and the catalogue
White et al., Paper II 2020PASA...37...17W 2020PASA...37...17W, Cat. VIII/105
Sample: II. Host-galaxy identification for individual
White et al., Paper III 2025arXiv251206947W 2025arXiv251206947W,
Sample: III. Further host-galaxy identification, and redshift assessment
(End) Sarah White [SA AO], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 17-Dec-2025